...Jonathan Hunt 7/23/14 Unit 6 Assignment 1 Cable Testers After installing cables in a building it is necessary to test them to make sure they are functional and did not get damaged during the install. There are many tools that can be used for testing cables, the type of cable that you are working with will determine the kind of tester that you will need. When working with copper cables one of the tools you can use is a tone generator, this tool can be used to test cables for crossovers, and shorts. This tool is most commonly used for testing punch down blocks in telecommunication lines. Another tool that is handy for copper wires is a wire map tester. You can use this tool to send a signal down the cable and make sure that the pin connections on both sides are correct. This tool can also detect a short in a wire as well as openings in the line. This is a fairly inexpensive tool and would be a good one to include in your kit if you are installing cables. Continuity testers can also be used in place of a wire map tester and are also inexpensive. It would be recommended to have at least one of these tools in your toolkit. Personally I would choose the wire map tester. If you are working with fiber optic cables you need to have a completely different set of tools because you are now dealing with light transmission as opposed to electrical current. Fiber optic power meters are used to detect the strength of light going down the cable. Depending on the type of fiber that you are...
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...Fritz Dorcelus _ Physical Networking Cable Structure Week 3 assignment 1-What are the most common cables used today? Unshielded twisted-pair (UTP), shielded or screened twisted-pair (STP or ScTP), coaxial, and fiber-optic (FO) 2. Simply installing STP cabling does not guarantee that you will improve a cable’s immunity EMI or reduce the emissions from the cable. What are several critical conditions must be satisfied to achieve good shield performance? * The shield must be electrically continuous along the whole link. * All components in the link must be shielded. No UTP patch cords can be used. * The shield must fully enclose the pair, and the overall shield must fully enclose the core. Any gap in the shield covering is a source of EMI leakage. * The shield must be grounded at both ends of the link, and the building grounding system must conform to grounding standards (such as J-STD-607-A). 3. What are the distinct advantages of fiber optic? • Transmission distances are much greater than with copper cable. • Bandwidth is dramatically higher than with copper. • Fiber optic is not susceptible to outside EMI or crosstalk interference, nor does it generate EMI or crosstalk. • Fiber-optic cable is much more secure than copper cable because it is extremely difficult to monitor, “eavesdrop on,” or tap a fiber cable. 4. Cable bandwidth is a function of three interrelated, major elements. What are these major elements? Distance, Frequency, and Signal-level-to-noise-level...
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...Unit 6 Assignment 1 Cable Testers Today we will be discussing different types of cable testers. There are many different types of cable testers. Some would include: wire-map testers, continuity testers, tone generators, time-domain reflectometers, fiber-optic power meters, fiber-optic test sources, optical loss test set, optical time-domain reflectometers, fiber-optic inspection microscopes, visual fault locators, and multifunction cable scanners. We will only be talking about three of these testers. Those three are wire-map testers, time domain-reflectometers, and optical loss test sets. Wire-map testers are testers that transmit signals through each wire in a copper twisted pair cable to determine if it is connected to the correct pin at each end. Wire-map testers detect misplaced wires, broken or unconnected wires, and shorts. The more expensive types of wire-map testers are capable of detecting all problems that can render a cable run inoperable. Though the best models of these can be costly, being able to determine the exact problem immediately is much better than having to keep guessing and checking. I believe that these should be with every technician who values there time in the field, and doesn’t want to spend hours defining a problem only to find more faults. Personally I think these testers should be in EVERY tool kit for wire techs. This could help save a significant amount of time determining the problem with cables. Time domain-reflectometers are the next piece...
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...How is coaxial cable used in a network? The convergence of voice, video, and data over a single infrastructure is the trend in broadband communications networks worldwide. Hybrid fiber/coaxial-cable (HFC) networks offer broadband signal capability combined with rugged performance and economy. Such networks, which can be effectively deployed in both large- and small-scale environments, use optical fiber as most of the transport medium and coaxial cable for distribution of the broadband signal to the network user. This use of coaxial cable results in levels of performance previously unheard of. It is important, therefore, for the engineer and installer to understand the critical nature of coaxial-cable characteristics. (Stromberg, D. L. (1998). Coaxial cables are used for transferring radio frequency (RF), video and internet data over distribution networks. Some major factors influencing this market growth include low cost of installation, increasing IT and telecom spending in the region and technology advancement in coaxial cables and related equipment for more reliable data transfer. The report provides in-depth analysis of coaxial cable industry in North America with market size and forecast from 2012 – 2018. The study covers current technology trends influencing and inhibiting market growth and also highlights specifications and standards in the market, related to use of coaxial cables and related equipment. High level analysis of major segments of coaxial cables and market forecast...
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...Cable vs. Fiber optical wiring is becoming a discussion that drives industries and businesses. It is a very important to understand the differences between the two types of cables and their abilities. The capabilities of these types of wires, prices, availability, and future uses are important factors to take into consideration when designing a layout for a building. Some other important variables to consider are how many people are trained to install the cabling and how durable that cabling is and how it can withstand long term use. Copper cabling is the widely used standard of today. It has been used as a communications line since the first telegraphs. Over the years it has developed into thin multi lined cables that can send an abundant amount of data. Since it has been around so long it is widely understood and taught to professionals as well as your average Joe. Category 5e and 6 are both capable of sending signal speeds much faster than we are able to produce at bandwidths that we haven’t reached yet. So at least for the near future copper cabling can still sustain Moore’s law. This law states that technology will double in capacity and for half of the price every two years. While copper is inexpensive now it becomes more expensive with its wide use. Also its abundance will degrade over time as it is used commercially worldwide. Some more of the flaws that are involved with copper are EMI, unnoticeable tampering, and potential. Electromagnetic interference can cause signal...
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...2011-39011 10 May 2014 ENG 10 C-5R Draft No. 2 Introduction Today, electricity has been a major necessity for people for it gives energy to almost all devices that make their works easier. But before electricity could be consumed to power a load or a certain device, it needs to travel long distances through the utilization of electrical power systems. Electrical Power Systems consists of mainly of generating stations, transmission lines and distribution systems. From the generating stations, different types of energy are converted to electrical energy (high voltage) and then transported to the distribution systems through the transmission lines, where the voltages to be delivered to the consumers by the distribution companies are lowered. There are two designs for distribution systems, one is the Overhead Distribution System (ODS) and the other is the Underground Distribution System (UDS). Each of these has its own advantages and disadvantages. In the earlier century, ODS has been commonly used by distribution companies. It is reliable, low-cost, easily maintained and is an established method to transport bulk electricity across long distances. ODS are the lowest-cost method transmitting electrical power because most of the insulation is provided by air. The disadvantage is that ODS is more prone and subjected to interruptions due to natural causes such as lightning and storms and other failure due to short circuits and line breakage. It is also unpleasant...
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...understanding how to install cable into buildings and know what you’re doing. So after you design your network you are ready to install the physical part of it. You want to choose a safe place to put your cable and ensure you don’t causes a fire issue. You always want to ensure the cables run near/parallel with your electricity wires. The reason is the electricity wires will produce interference and noise into your network cables. You should always use more cable to leave slack so you have room to pull and not stretch the cable. Before you install the cable test both ends to ensure they are working properly and label. You don’t want to run into the issue of later after you have ran cables and hooked the system up having an issue. You would not know which cable it is and then have to go back through your network. Once everything is tested and you know where you want your cables are going you need to use zip ties. This will allow you to group cables and easily be able to move them around. You should never use tape unless it’s just for the initial installation then place your zip ties. You need to ensure that your cables all meet the fire resistance rating throughout the network. Now I will talk about the right tools that are needed to install your network. The following tools are what you need for all cable installation: fish tape, wire-strippers, cable splicing tools, cable cutters, scissors, zip ties, measuring tape, marker, crimping pliers, voltage meters, and a cable tester. The following...
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...A cable modem is a device that enables you to hook up your computer to a local TV line and receive data at about 1.5 Mpbs. This data rate far exceeds that of the prevalent 28.8 and 56 kbps of Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) and is about the data rate available to subscribers of Digital Subscriber Line (DSL). A cable modem can be added to or be integrated with a set top box that provides your TV set with channels for Internet access. A cable modem has two connections, one to the cable wall outlet and the other to a PC or to a set top box for a TV set. Cable modems typically uses a standard 10Base –T Ethernet card in the computer. All of the cable modems attached to a cable TV company coaxial cable line communicate with a Cable Modem Termination System at the local TV cable company office. The actual bandwidth for Internet service over a cable TV line is up to 27 Mbps on the download path to the subscriber with about 2.5 Mbps of bandwidth for interactive responses in the other direction. Many people who have cable TV can now get a high speed connection to the Internet from their cable provider. Cable modems compete with technologies like asymmetrical digital subscriber lines. In a cable TV system, signals from the various channels are each given a 6-MHz slice of the cable’s available bandwidth and the sent down the cable to your house. In some systems, coaxial cable is the only medium used for distributing signals. In other systems, fiber optic...
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...THE BENEFITS OF TWISTED PAIR CABLE Recommended Changes and Benefits As I am a consultant for NCF, the Networking Consultant Firm and my first assignment are at Ocper, Inc. We will first study to their current networking and current technology that they are using. First, they have use coax cable to connect 20 windows peer to peer computers. The president had told me that he expect his company to be expand and double in size, in the next two years. What NCF will recommend is to take a closer look at benefit of twisted pair cable. Since the business now needs to connect 20 computers, I would explain how twisted pair cable will help them. Cable is the medium through which information usually moves from one network device to another. There are several types of cable which are commonly used with LANs. In some cases, a network will utilize only one type of cable, other networks will use a variety of cable types. The type of cable chosen for a network is related to the network's topology, protocol, and size. They need to be more understand their current situation so; it could help them to get the highest performance from it. The twisted pair cable come with in two varieties; shielded and unshielded twisted pair. For this case, I would choose the unshielded twisted pair to be the solution because this cable is the least expensive cable, there are pro and cons, it may be susceptible to radio and electrical frequency interference (it should not be too close to electric motors, fluorescent...
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...Cable Modem versus Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) By XXXX XXXX Devry University Professor Bonita Reed January 20, 2011 Author Note This paper was prepared for English 112, taught by Professor Reed. Abstract Unless you live or work in a remote or very rural area, you probably have the option of giving up that slow dial-up modem and investing in a broadband Internet connection. If high-speed Internet services are available, your choice is between DSL or cable modem services. Both DSL and cable modems are common home networking broadband connection technologies — but which option is better? In order to determine which is better, we need to discuss them in detail. DSL uses a technique for placing a digital data onto copper wires. Cable Modem versus Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) DSL and cable modems are common home networking broadband connection technologies but which option is better? In order to determine which is better, we need to discuss them in detail. DSL uses a technique for placing a digital data onto copper wires). What is a DSL? DSL is a high-speed internet service like cable Internet. DSL provides high-speed networking over ordinary phone lines using broad band technology. DSL is also called an always-on connection because it uses existing 2-wire copper telephone line connected to the premise and will...
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...Cox Cable vs. Direct TV Anyone who has turned on a television in the past few years has probably seen one of the many satellite vs. digital cable commercials. With the amount of half-truths and fine print in all of the advertisement, who can you truly trust and how can future subscribers filter this information? Two of the major providers in the local area are Cox Communications and Direct TV, a cable and satellite company, respectively. Analyzing hidden costs, joining benefits, and through subscribers’ first hand experiences, we can conclude that cable has the advantage. Direct TV is inferior both in price and quality to Cox Communication’s cable access. Watching a satellite picture and a digital cable picture side by side, it would be difficult to tell them apart as they both offer excellent picture and sound quality. With that said, there are even more common problems, lies, and bashings that it has become hard to pick out the truth when deciding between digital cable and satellite. It is not fair to say only one raise prices because, honestly, they both do and will continue to do so. Therefore, to compare prices and quality, we must compare packages as similar as possible. Cox Communications is a relatively large company with a monopoly in many of the areas it services. If someone is unhappy about the service Cox provides, they are usually only left with one of the satellite providers. Something that is not often expressed by this provider is that its prices...
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...DEPARTMENT PROFILE 57 4 SWOT ANALYSIS 59 5 FINDINGS SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSIONS 5.1 FINDINGS 5.2 SUGGESTIONS 5.3 CONCLUSIONS APPENDIX BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION Organizations play major role all over the world. Different organizations meet people needs and provide them with product, service or both. Due to globalization the world has become a global village. This has very much helped people to get their needs. Different firm play different roles and it has its own importance. The company which I have chooses for the organization study is TRACO CABLE Company. It is a well developed company fully owned by the State Government of Kerala. TRACO CABLE Company produces different kinds of cables for different users. They produce power cables and telephone cables, which are mainly consumed by the Kerala State Electricity Board and Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited. The products are utilized for the welfare of the public. These products are not directly consumed by the public. The company has different departments to control the overall functioning of the company. The major shareholder of the company is the State Government of Kerala. The 86.6% of the shares are held by the State Government of Kerala. The Board of Directors is appointed by the Government. The company follows all the rules and regulations formulated by the Government and the other Acts. In this...
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...The Benefits of Twisted Pair Cable Introduction to Networking October 29, 2013 Ocper Inc. is a small company that has no one dedicated to information technology or networking on the staff, and there are 20 Windows peer-to-peer client computers all connected via coax cabling. The president has indicated that the company plans to double in size over the next two years, but she is weary of drastically changing the computing environment. This is my first assignment, but I feel that I have a very good plan to help give them a faster, more secure, and efficient network. The first change that I would recommend would be to move away from a peer-to-peer network to a client/server network. I would explain that there are many advantages to switching to a client/server network such as (Dean, 2009): * User logon accounts and passwords for anyone on a server-based network can be assigned in one place. * Access to multiple shared resources (such as data files or printers) can be centrally granted to a single user or groups of users. * Problems on the network can be monitored, diagnosed, and often fixed from one location. * Servers are optimized to handle heavy processing loads and dedicated to handling requests from clients, enabling faster response time. * Because of their efficient processing and larger disk storage, servers can connect more than a handful of computers on a network. The advantages of a client/server far outweigh any possible disadvantages. ...
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...vs Digital Cable TV Comparison: Which One is Better? As a consumer, you should choose your service provider wisely which will benefit you in the long run. The cable TV arrived few decades ago and replaced TV Antennaswhen they were used for receiving the television transmission. The cable TV operators offered many channels and the set up includes huge dish shaped antennas that are placed on top of the cable operator’s office or house. Customers were able to get a connection by paying a deposit and a monthly subscription charges. This set up includes the laying of cables through narrow streets and pathways alongside buildings. Any disruption to service due to rain or other reason led to poor signals transmission. Around 90 million television analog signals in India will have to be converted into digital signals in four phases as per the Cable Television Networks (CTN) Amendment Bill 2011. India's four metros - Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata - will replace all analog television networks with digital transmission from July 1, 2012. After this, the target will be 38 cities with a population above 10 lakh each and finally the rest of India. This has led to a rush between multi-system operators (MSOs) and DTH operators, to grab business opportunities and acquire a large subscriber base. With digitization of cable services, cable operators need to carry only digitized signals. An STB for decoding in digital format is required to get these digitized signals. Cable operators will...
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...Introduction The number of TV households in India is estimated to be around 147 million.The cable industry has grown from 0.4 million cable homes in January 1992 to an estimated 94 million cable TV homes in 2011. Furthermore,there were around 20 pay channels in 1995, whereas today there are more than 800 channels registered with Ministry of Information & Broadcasting,out of which around 167 are pay channels. The exceptional growth in number of TV channels combined with the inherent limitations of the analog cable TV systems has posed several challenges to the cable TV sector,mainly due to capacity constraints and non-addressable nature of the network.With time and evolution of technology, new addressable digital TV platforms like DTH,IPTV etc. are now available.The evolution of technology has also paved the way for bringing about digitization with addressability in the cable TV sector. The digitization of cable TV is a step forward towards the removal of the shortcomings of the analog cable TV systems like the non-addressability and the capacity constraints. In the digital addressable systems, service providers can offer more channels and consumers can select the channels of their choice.Also, the digital addressable system opens out additional business opportunities to the service providers in the form of value added and interactive services. It would enable provision of broadband and triple play (voice, video and data) ...
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