...Cabling Design, Standards, Codes and Definitions The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is a non-profit organization whose membership is made up of over 1,400 private companies and government organizations. ANSI facilitates the development of national standards by accrediting the procedures of the organizations that develop the standards. In order to gain ANSI approval, the document must be developed by a cross-section of both manufacturers and end users. ANSI is also a founding member of the ISO. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is an organization of many national specifications bodies from over 160 countries and is based in Geneva, Switzerland. The ISO standards are developed by the people that need them, through a consensus process. They ensure that products and services are safe, reliable and of good quality (ISO Org., 2015). Each ISO member is the principal standards organization in its country. The members propose the new standards, participate in their development and provide support in collaboration with ISO Central Secretariat for nearly 3.280 technical groups that actually develop the standards. The Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) represents a wide variety of electronics manufacturers in the United States and abroad. It was developed to ensure the equipment of different manufacturers was compatible and interchangeable. In 2007, the EIA announced that it would be dissolved and formally ceased to exist on February 11, 2011...
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...National Standards Institute is a private non-profit organization that oversees the development of voluntary consensus standards for products, services, processes, systems, and personnel in the United States. The organization also coordinates U.S. standards with international standards so that American products can be used worldwide. For example, standards ensure that people who own cameras can find the film they need for that camera anywhere around the globe. ANSI accredits standards that are developed by representatives of standards developing organizations, government agencies, consumer groups, companies, and others. These standards ensure that the characteristics and performance of products are consistent, that people use the same definitions and terms, and that products are tested the same way. ANSI also accredits organizations that carry out product or personnel certification in accordance with requirements defined in international standards. 2. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE, read I-Triple-E) is a non-profit professional association headquartered in New York City that is dedicated to advancing technological innovation and excellence. It has more than 400,000 members in more than 160 countries, about 51.4% of whom reside in the United States. IEEE is one of the leading standards-making organizations in the world. IEEE performs its standards making and maintaining functions through the IEEE Standards Association (IEEE-SA). IEEE standards affect...
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...Chapter 2: Cabling Specifications and Standards The Bottom Line Chapter 2: Cabling Specifications and Standards The Bottom Line Identify the key elements of the ANSI/TIA-568-C Commercial Building Master It 1. Which subsection of the ANSI/TIA-568-C standard would you reference for UTP cabling performance parameters? Answer: TIA-568-C.2 2. Which subsection of ANSI/TIA-568-C standard would you reference for optical fiber cabling and component performance parameters? Answer: TIA-568-C.3 3. What is the recommended multimode fiber type per the ANSI/TIA-568-C.1 standard for backbone cabling? Answer: 850nm (laser optimized) 50/125 micron multimode fiber 4. Which is typically a more expensive total optical fiber system solution; single-mode or multimode? Answer: Single-mode 5. The ANSI/TIA-568-C.1 standard breaks structured cabling into six areas. What are these areas? Answer: (1) horizontal cabling (2) backbone cabling (3) work area (4) telecommunications rooms and enclosures (5) equipment rooms (6) entrance facility Identify other ANSI/TIA/EIA standards required to properly design the pathways and spaces and grounding of a cabling system. Master It: Which other TIA standards need to be followed for: 1. Pathways and spaces? Answer: ANSI/TIA-569-B 2. Grounding and bonding? Answer: J-STD-607-A 3. Data Centers? ...
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...Fritz Dorcelus _ Physical Networking Cable Structure Week 3 assignment 1-What are the most common cables used today? Unshielded twisted-pair (UTP), shielded or screened twisted-pair (STP or ScTP), coaxial, and fiber-optic (FO) 2. Simply installing STP cabling does not guarantee that you will improve a cable’s immunity EMI or reduce the emissions from the cable. What are several critical conditions must be satisfied to achieve good shield performance? * The shield must be electrically continuous along the whole link. * All components in the link must be shielded. No UTP patch cords can be used. * The shield must fully enclose the pair, and the overall shield must fully enclose the core. Any gap in the shield covering is a source of EMI leakage. * The shield must be grounded at both ends of the link, and the building grounding system must conform to grounding standards (such as J-STD-607-A). 3. What are the distinct advantages of fiber optic? • Transmission distances are much greater than with copper cable. • Bandwidth is dramatically higher than with copper. • Fiber optic is not susceptible to outside EMI or crosstalk interference, nor does it generate EMI or crosstalk. • Fiber-optic cable is much more secure than copper cable because it is extremely difficult to monitor, “eavesdrop on,” or tap a fiber cable. 4. Cable bandwidth is a function of three interrelated, major elements. What are these major elements? Distance, Frequency, and Signal-level-to-noise-level...
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...1. Application: Application is the term used within the Information Technology industry to reference software. The software can be for the end user which is known as the application software or it can be a Systems application software. 2. Unshielded twisted-pair: UTP, is also known as Category 5, and or Category 6. Consisting of 2 twisted pair of copper wire. UTP is the main type of cable used in LAN topography. 3. Shielded Twisted-Pair: Is similar to UTP, the main difference is that it is has an additional layer of shielding, this shield helps in preventing EMI, and other interference. STP is great application when a cable is being applied near power lines, metal pipes and is not in protected by plenum or conduit. 4. Fiber Optic Cable: Is a great long distance cable. There is Single mode, in which laser is transmitted and there is multimode, in which LED is transmitted. Both fiber cables are use to cover great distances up to allow data to traverse the fiber optic cable near the speed of light. 5. Dark Fiber is fiber optic cable is this idle and is not currently being used. 6. Coaxial Cable is an older cable that has a grounding copper core that is surrounded by a plastic protective insulating sheath, and then a protective grounding shield, and then there is the black outer protective plastic covering. 7. Plenum is a space or area that is intentional provided to allow for cables, pipes, tubing and other various plumbing. This space is typically...
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...Chapter 2 NT1230 10/3/2014 1. When was the first major standard describing a structured cabling system released? c. 1995 2. What doe EIA and TIA stand for? i. EIA – Electronics Industries Alliance ii. TIA – Telecommunications Industry Association 3. What are the three parts of the EIA/TIA 568-B standard? i. EIA/TIA-568-B.1: Commercial Cabling Standard, Master Document ii. EIA/TIA-568-B.2: Twisted-pair Media iii. EIA/TIA-568-B.3: Optical Fiber Cabling Standard 4. Identify the six subsystems of a structured cabling system. i. Building Entrance (Also called (EF) Entrance Facilities) ii. Equipment Room (ER) iii. Telecommunications Closet (Also called (TR) Telecommunications Room or (TE) Telecommunications Enclosure) iv. Backbone Cabling v. Horizontal Cabling vi. Work Area 5. Which subsystem does permanent networking cabling within a building belong to? i. Backbone Cabling 6. What is a cross-connect? i. Cross-connect – A space where you are going to take one or multiple cables and connect them to one or more cables or equipment. 7. What is the main cross-connect? i. Main Cross-Connect (MC) – Usually connects two or more buildings and is typically the central telecommunications connection point for a campus or building. It is also called the Main Distribution Frame (MDF) or Main Equipment Room. The MC connects to telco, an ISP, and so...
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...Twenty organizations that influence cable plant implementation are: 1) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) a) ANSI does not develop the American National Standards (ANS) documents, but it facilitates their development by establishing a consensus between the members interested in developing a particular standard. b) ANSI standards include, SCSI interface specifications, programming language specifications, and specifications for character sets. c) ANSI helped to coordinate the efforts of the Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) and the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) to develop ANSI/TIA/EIA-568, the cabling specification in the United States. 2) Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) d) The Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) was originally known as the Radio Manufacturers Association. Since then, the EIA has evolved into an organization that represents a wide variety of electronics manufacturers. e) The EIA is organized along specific product and market lines that allow each EIA sector to be responsive to its specific needs. These sectors include components, consumer electronics, electronic information, industrial electronics, government, and telecommunications. f) The EIA (along with the TIA) was the driving force behind the original ANSI/TIA/EIA-568 Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard. 3) Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) g) The Telecommunications Industry Association...
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...are nurses themselves and work in their various fields. So when something comes up that needs addressed, they meet as a committee and discuss the issue. Then they decide what would be the best action to take for solving the problem. By doing this they are able to come up with the standards we now have. They realize that there must be a code of ethics and code of conduct set forth and these are the rules that we as nurses must follow. No one is allowed to change any part of it. So far there is a wide variety of standards that have been put into place. It is good for to know these rules and they will guide us in daily nursing duties. By implementing the higher standard of care, we are all able to work more proficiently and professionally. In order to develop a new standard, there usually has to be a problem that has come to the attention of one or more of the committee members, or from someone else that has brought forth a concern or complaint. The members then meet in order to come up with a solution to help with the problem. Such an example would be when too many nurses were getting stuck with needles and contracting diseases from them. From that basis came the implementation of the safety standards we now have to help prevent needle sticks, including not recapping needles, and using the safety features provided with each...
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... |23 12월 2011 | | |11 Music | |Endorsed with merit at level 1 |24 12월 2011 | |2012 | |Entries and Results | |Show explanation of the entry details | |Hide explanation of the entry details | |Each standard can have a range of results including "N" for not achieved, "A" for...
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...Tech Partners Consulting www.techpartners.net.au SOEs – Standard Operating Environments The SOE concept explained in business terms Authored by Alan Pickering, Tech Partners Consulting September, 2003 Introduction The use of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in organisations has gone well past the stage of being unique, novel and even technically difficult. Nowadays, the technology is readily available, thanks to the volume demand from commercial and residential market segments. Even so, there are benefits from adopting a Standards based approach to choosing and deploying ICT assets; and offering technology based IT services to customers. This white paper will provide a brief introduction to the philosophy of Standard Operating Environments, and will explain the likely benefits, costs and planning factors that relate to adopting an SOE approach. Background When desktop computing and Local Area Networks appeared in organisations in the 1980’s, they were small scale and of little immediate consequence. Being somewhat complex, and requiring some hands on technical skills, they were acquired in small quantities. The low cash costs meant they were often purchased ‘under the radar’ of senior management and IT teams. The practical use and popularity of PCs and LANs grew, to the point that some organisations recognized the need to account for the cost of assets and people’s time spent on support. Since then, industry analysts have studied the...
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...PLC 2005 - 2009 Newcastle upon Tyne Trainee Manager At McDonalds I was responsible for up to 19 members of staff, as well as the day to day running of the restaurant as a key member of the managing team. I assisted in many areas of the restaurant including cash handling, waste management and hospitality e.g. handling customer complaints. I also developed my IT skills here in an industry standard software suite. Frontline Recruitment 2008 Derby Various Bakery positions Duties included operating kitchen equipment to produce products to sell in the bakery stores. Working as part of a large team to fill orders and work to deadlines and targets, as well as adhering to health and safety regulations and striving to meet customer satisfaction. Good customer service and communication skills were essential to the job role, along with the ability to work quickly and efficiently to high standards...
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...COPIER CONFUSION CASE STUDY Abstract The Business Company, Inc., badly needed new copying machines. The company had 20 machines, but they were old and copy quality was poor. They broke down frequently. And to change paper size from 8.5 x 11 in. to legal-size, the user had to remove one paper tray containing 8.5 x 11 in. paper and replace it with a tray containing legal-size paper. Newer machines had two trays, one for each paper size, that permitted changing paper size at the push of a button without changing paper trays. The company’s purchasing agent, thought this would be a labor-saving feature and decided to include it in a specification for purchase of new machines. The copying machine industry called this feature, “dual-cassette” design. John Richards, the company’s purchasing agent, thought this would be a labor-saving feature and decided to include it in a specification for purchase of new machines. The copying machine industry called this feature, “dual-cassette” design. The Business Company issued an invitation for bids for purchase and maintenance of 20 replacement machines. The solicitation included a specification that called for a machine that would permit “copying both 8.5 x 11 in. and legal-size paper without manually changing the paper trays.” The term dual cassette did not appear in the specification. John received bids from several companies, including Copies Incorporated, a reputable manufacturer...
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...PROC5000/Anthony Vatterott/SPARTAN HEAT EXCHANGERS, INC/Dalton 1 SPARTAN HEAT EXCHANGERS, INC. Rick Coyne is the Materials Manager at Spartan, Inc. Until recently, the company has benefitted from excellence in customization and specialized research & development of design with full-service custom unit fabrication. This has historically allowed Spartan to maintain a positive rapport with clients, as their approach allowed for meeting the client’s specific needs. However, the industry trend has changed and competition from international sources has pressured Spartan’s Executive Management to revise the fiveyear development plan to compete with Korean and European firms. The standard for the industry has shifted from customized solutions to a low-price, highly-standardized market. This is not in line with Spartan’s current initiatives and Max Brisco, vice president of manufacturing, has solicited Rick to provide a detailed plan on how to achieve savings and efficiency in a transition to a more competitive manufacturing structure. The most critical step in this reformation is to redesign workflow and job order processing from a job order/job ticket method to a more streamlined and standardized process. This will require re-engineering the workflow of the manufacturing workforce, and offers an opportunity for the research & design component to redirect their efforts away from customized products and toward a working internal manufacturing process. The use...
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...Question 1 (20%) In your own words, briefly describe your understanding of application of the lifecycle concept to validation. Process validation is a vital aspect not just for regulatory purposes, but also for the efficient and reliable long-term application of the process. In order to address the performance of the process adequately, process validation is used to identify the relevant parameters, to design the experimental validation studies accordingly and to define appropriate acceptance criteria through process development. Applying the lifecycle concept to validation, measures should be taken to routinely maintain and control the validated status of the process during initial development, its long-term application and until the process’s discontinuation. These measures include the monitoring of relevant performance parameters through good documentation. Question 2 (20%) What activities generally support the validation of a process / product? Activities that generally support the validation of a process / product include equipment calibration to ensure that the measured variable is accurately monitored; equipment qualification which includes installation qualification (IQ) an audit of the installation against the equipment specifications and drawings and operational qualification (OQ) which confirms that the equipment performs as intended; process development to provide documented evidence of the suitability of all critical process parameters...
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...PROJ598 – Contract and Procurement Management Copier Confusion The Business Company, Inc., badly needed new copying machines. The company had 20 machines, but they were old and copy quality was poor. They broke down frequently. And to change paper size from 8.5 x 11 in. to legal-size, the user had to remove one paper tray containing 8.5 x 11 in. paper and replace it with a tray containing legal-size paper. Newer machines had two trays, one for each paper size, that permitted changing paper size at the push of a button without changing paper trays. John Richards, the company’s purchasing agent, thought this would be a labor-saving feature and decided to include it in a specification for purchase of new machines. The copying machine industry called this feature, “dual-cassette” design. The Business Company issued an invitation for bids for purchase and maintenance of 20 replacement machines. The solicitation included a specification that called for a machine that would permit “copying both 8.5 x 11 in. and legal-size paper without manually changing the paper trays.” The term dual cassette did not appear in the specification. John received bids from several companies, including Copies Incorporated, a reputable manufacturer. Copiers had greeted the invitation for bids with great pleasure. Their inventory included 30 of their Model 125 copying machines, which they were phasing out. The Model 125 had only one tray, which held 8.5 x 11 in. and legal-size paper, but legal-size paper...
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