...1 Cadmium is a soft, malleable metal that is found in the earth's crust. Cadmium emissions can originate from several anthropogenic sources from the burning of fossil fuels or trash, smoking cigarettes, pesticides, or manufacturing activities. As it is naturally found in the earth, it obviously can be found naturally. Natural sources of cadmium include the weathering of rocks to volcanoes and forest fires to certain foods (Lenntech, 2011). Health effects of cadmium are wide-ranged. Acute effects can result in bronchial and pulmonary irritation, which can be long-term. Chronic effects include frequent formation of kidney stones, emphysema, and damage to vital organs and nervous systems (EPA, 2007). Accumulations of cadmium in the kidneys can be responsible for severe kidney damage, which will persist because it takes quite some time for cadmium to be excreted (Lenntech, 2011). While there is not enough information to conclude that cancer can be caused by cadmium exposure, it is believed that those regularly inhaling cadmium emissions will be at a higher risk for carcinogenic formations. Environmental effects of cadmium can be found in the soil, water, and air. Soil is exposed to cadmium because of artificial phosphate fertilizers and pesticides that are utilized in agricultural areas. As earthworms ingest soil, they become at risk for concentrations of cadmium. If they are exposed, and then die, not only will the soil be affected, but the plants that are in that soil will...
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...|[pic] |Fossil Fool | | |Down Low Glow | | |302 Montcalm | | |San Francisco, CA 94110 | | |415-810-DOWN (3696) | | | | | | | | |info@fossilfool.com | | |www.fossilfool.com | DOWN LOW GLOW: Owner’s Manual Way to Glow! You are holding the world’s...
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...Impact of Toxic chemical There are many materials used in the workplace that can be hazardous. However, in order for them to affect your health, they must contact the body or be absorbed into the body. When assessing the potential health effects from working with a particular material it is necessary to understand difference between "toxicity" and "hazard". 1. TOXICITY is the ability of a substance to produce an unwanted effect when the chemical has reached a sufficient concentration at a certain site in the body. The more toxic a material is, the smaller the amount of it necessary to be absorbed before harmful effects are caused. The lower the toxicity, the greater the quantity of it necessary to be absorbed. The toxicity of a chemical is generally measured by experiments on animals (quite often rats). If it is measured in terms of the amounts of material necessary to cause death in 50% of the test animals. These values are called LD50 (lethal dose) or LC50 (lethal concentration), and are usually given in weight of material per kg of body weight or airborne concentration of material per set time period respectively. 2. HAZARD is the probability that this concentration in the body will occur. Toxicity is an inherent property of the material. A material may be very toxic, but not hazardous, if it is handled properly and is not absorbed into the body. On the other hand, a material may have a very low toxicity, but be very hazardous. Example: 1. An open container...
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...Daily this number is expected to double about year two thousand and ten. So what are we doing with all the computers that are old and what is happening with all the hazardous materials from our computers that the informational age is based upon? The problem is staggering considering that there are no laws or information on safe computer recycling in most of the world. Computer is composed almost entirely of non recyclable materials, some of which even are hazardous not only to the environment but also to humans. Circuit Boards which make up all of the important parts of computers have a lot of lead that makes up the solder that is used to solder the components in place. Cadmium is used excessively in contacts and switches in old laptops that used NiCd batteries and the inhalation of cadmium oxide has severe adverse effects on the human respiratory system. Mercury is used in flat screen monitors and can enter water bodies and do a considerable amount of damage to the environment. Bromine which also is present on motherboards and other printed circuit boards in the form of TBBPA (tetrabromobisphenol a) has been shown to intervene with the animal body development which is linked to impaired memory function. A lot more materials are considered toxic inside an ordinary house computer and when a person thinks their computer is just too old or broken they just toss it in a dump instead of properly disposing of these dangerous materials. Many profitable businesses have...
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...Rayo Rayovac | Rayovac Corporation | The Rechargeable Battery Opportunity | | Mike McElligott | 2/5/2013 | This case discusses the Rayovac Corporation and the opportunities associated with entering the North American Canadian market by means of rechargeable batteries. We must find out if Rayovac is a niche player, volume player, or a company that will remain with the status quo. | RAYOVAC CORPORATION: The Rechargeable Battery Opportunity RAYOVAC_____________________________________________________________________________ Rayovac is the third largest consumer battery manufacturer and marketer in the world. Product lines include general batteries, rechargeable batteries, chargers, hearing aid batteries, lighting products, electric shaving/grooming products, and an assortment of personal care items. The company, as of 2004, has 14% market share globally, and 20% market share in Canada. Half of Rayovac’s revenue is due to their “general” battery product line. Unfortunately the company does not hold nearly enough market share as it’s’ competitors. Rayovac does however; enjoy a positive net income and a modest growth rate. The opportunity to enter the rechargeable battery market has been relatively unsuccessful in the past despite endorsers such as Michael Jordan in 1993. This is likely due to consumers being ill-informed about product benefits. Consumers are also unaware that Rayovac has an equal product to that of Duracell and Energizer, yet they offer...
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...Back Pay Battery Ltd core product is NiMH battery. It used to play a dominant role in three markets, namely, power tools, two-way ratios and portable power packs. However, with the Li-ion battery being introduced to the market, the market share for NiMH battery experienced a dramatic drop, and the improvement in Li-ion and other competitive technology will continue to threat and stole NiMH battery’s current core market segments. Doing business that embrace with new technology, it requires companies to focus on creativity and innovation in order to lead the industry and remain competitiveness. Considering the speed of technology updating and many pioneers who have invested in R&D several year ahead, it is impossible for Back Pay Battery Ltd to enter into this new market. Therefore, the Back Pay Battery Ltd had to focus on its current product in terms of its efficiency and effectiveness. According to porter’s 5 forces model, the threat of new entrants was relative low since the core technology for making a NiMH battery can be easily replicated. The bargaining power of buyers is high as the Asian battery manufactures started enter the NiMH battery market so that buyers have more choices. The bargaining power of suppliers is relatively low because Back Pay Battery Ltd is the major manufacturer of NiMH batteries, it should have many suppliers; therefore the competition between suppliers would be fierce, resulting in a reduced power of suppliers. Threat of substitution is very high...
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...The Reid Polygraph In 1945, John E. Reid of Reid and Associates in Chicago, Illinois developed what he called the “Reid Polygraph.” Besides recording blood pressure, pulse, respiration, and GSR, this new polygraph instrument recorded muscular activity in the forearms, thighs, and feet. These muscular movements were picked up from metal bellows under the arms and seat of the polygraph chair. This instrument was the first instrument to use a movement sensor to detect subject movement during the examination. The examiner in this picture is John E. Reid. It was manufactured by the C.H. Stoelting Company and was available only to examiners who were trained by John E. Reid and Associates. KEELER POLYGRAPH MODEL 6338 The 'Keeler Polygraph' Model 6338 shown here was the first 'Plethysmic Polygraph' manufactured by 'Associated Research' of Chicago, Illinois in the early 1950's. This instrument is the first in the 'Pacesetter Series' which incorporated for the first time a integral photo/optical plethysmograph. The Model 6338 was introduced as a four channel instrument, which recorded simultaneously changes in relative blood pressure, heart rate, pulse wave amplitude, blood volume, oxygenation of the blood, respiration and electrical skin resistance. These reading are obtained by utilizing electronic and pneumatic monitoring. The 6338 required a 115 volt AC current. It weighs twenty-four pounds and is 18" x 11" x 6". The 6338 incorporated newly designed printed circuits...
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...brain, kidneys and bones. Lead causes anemia in both children and adults by impairing the formation of oxygen-carrying molecules, beginning at exposures of around 40ug/dl. Lead has been found in some consumer candies imported from Mexico. Certain candy ingredients such as chili powder and tamarind may be a source of lead exposure. Lead sometimes gets into the candy when processes such as drying, storing, and grinding the ingredients are done improperly. Also, lead has been found in the wrappers of some imported candies. The ink of these plastic or paper wrappers may contain lead that leaches into the candy. The allowable levels of lead are that consuming even small amounts of lead can be harmful. There is no safe blood lead level. Lead poisoning from candies can cause illness. The effects of lead on children’s health can have a wide range of effects on a child's development and behavior. Even when exposed to small amounts of lead levels, children may appear inattentive, hyperactive and irritable. Children with greater lead levels may also have problems with learning and reading, delayed growth and hearing loss. At high levels, lead can cause permanent brain damage and even death. The effects of lead during pregnancy can pass from a mother to her unborn baby. Too much lead in your body can put you at risk for miscarriage. It can cause your baby to be born too early or too small. It hurt your baby’s brain, kidneys, and nervous system. And can cause your...
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...Abstract: The city of La Oroya’s, population is about 35,000 residents whose economy depends on one company Doe Run, that is creating health and environmental problems all around its surroundings, by releasing poisonous chemicals such as lead, sulfur dioxide, arsenic, cadmium, antimony, copper, and zinc. The environment is suffering the consequences from the emissions of smelter that causes acid rain and makes it almost impossible for vegetation to survive and animals to feed themselves. In addition, the smelter emits heavy black smoke consisting of “1.5 tons of lead and 810 tons of sulfur dioxide on a daily basis,” (Salazar, 1) into to the atmosphere. This kind of air pollution affects 99% of children since they are under the age of six and are still developing physically and mentally; this includes pregnant women. As a result, parents are faced with difficult decision between their child’s health and having job to survive. Several programs such as “Program of Adaptation and Environmental Handling” have been put into place to help reduce the detrimental effect air pollution has on La Oroya’s residents. ________________________________________ Since 1922, the adults and children in the small mining town of La Oroya have “been exposed to toxic emissions emitted from the local factory that specializes in poly-metallic-smelter,” (Blacksmith Institute, 21). What are the toxic substances? Located in the Peruvian Andes, roughly 112 miles from Lima, La Oroya is considered one...
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...pipe under a coal ash dump that coated 70 miles of the Dan River near Eden, North Carolina with sludge. Coal ash is the inorganic residue left behind when pulverized coal is burned to produce electricity. Coal ash is one of the largest types of industrial waste generated in the United States and in 2012 the nation’s coal plants generated nearly 10 1milloin tons of it. A little less than half of coal ash produced in the United States is recycled into products like concrete, pavement or wallboard. However, the rest is stored, in over 2,000 storage sites across the country, in landfills, quarries or ponds that, over time, accumulates to potentially millions of tons of coal ash that contains some of the world’s deadliest toxic metals: arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury and selenium. These contaminants can pollute, groundwater, drinking water and the air. All of these contaminants can be toxic and have the potential to injure all major organ systems, damage physical health and development, and endanger wildlife. As a result of the Dan River spill, about 300,000 people were unable to use their water supply for days as arsenic levels exceeded state standards. In...
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...Environmental Pollution at Hindustan Lever’s Kodaikanal Plant In mid-2004, Hindustan Lever Ltd (HLL) executives looked back at the events of the past three years at their mercury thermometer factory in Kodaikanal in the south Indian state of Tamil Nadu. After mercury leakage from the plant had been reported in March 2001, heavy expenditure had been incurred in environmental risk assessment, waste disposal and health monitoring. The expenditure had exceeded the total profits generated by the plant since its inception. But the pressure from NGOs, led by Greenpeace , who had been protesting since March 2001 had not subsided. The NGOs had indulged in novel ways of keeping the issue alive. These included chaining themselves to the HLL branch office in Chennai on 15th November 2002, disrupting the Annual General Meetings (AGMs) of HLL held on 13th June 2003 and 29th June 2004, shouting slogans and brandishing placards and enlisting sympathy from ex-workers and the general public. Greenpeace also maintained the pressure on HLL through its website, photoalbums, posters, persistent media briefing and seminars. The NGOs had most recently attacked HLL in April 2004 in a seminar in Chennai. Even as they waited anxiously for the regulator, Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board’s (TNPCB) nod to start decontamination of equipment and remediation of soil, HLL’s senior managers believed they had discharged their duties conscientiously. They wondered what more was needed to be done...
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...my cats Long time ago, a people raised a cat and a dog as his pet. And the cat and the dog were very good friends. They ate together, lived together, and play together. They almost stayed together all of the day. One day, the master lost his ancestral gem and he was very sad. Then the cat and the dog decided to find the gem. On the road, they met a mountain, the dog said” Cat brother, climb on my back!” Then they met a river. The cat couldn’t swim. The dog said” Don’t worry. I can help you. Climb on my back.” Finally, they found the gem. But when they returned to home, the cat told their master” it’s me who find the gem, and the dog did nothing.” When the dog wanted to explain it, the master didn’t give dog a chance. He gave the cat a delicious fish, and kicked the dog out of the door. The dog and the cat weren’t friend since then. That’s why dogs bite cats as soon as they meet, and dogs always pursue while cats always escape. And another reason is that dogs and cats have very different language. When the dog meets the cat, the dog always wags tail, because they think it is a friendly way. But cats often think it is provocation. But nowadays dogs and cats aren’t always enemy any more. Sometimes, they can stay together peacefully. Maybe you could say the dog is a better pet. But I don’t know why, I just like cats very much. I always become crazy when I meet a cat. They are really cute. When they want something, they fawn on you and follow you all around. And cats can be very...
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...Cats and dogs are viewed as to separate and different creatures. A popular question one might ask another is “Are you a cat or dog person?” The answer will give the asker an idea of the type of person he or she is. However, as many differences the two have, they also have a lot in common. Their physical make is obviously different, but upon taking a closer look they have certain attributes such as; whiskers and tails that help them each in the same ways. While they have well known different personalities they express themselves similarly. There are many differences in behavior when it comes to dogs and cats. The biggest difference between the two is their social patterns and interactions with humans and others in their species. Dogs are pack animals. They usually will seek out one of them in a pack to take the role as leader. They view their pack as family and are loyal to keeping each other safe and thriving. If there is not a leader in the pack, they tend to experience behavioral problems. This leadership role can also be taken on by the dog’s owner. As a dog owner, you may want to instill this into your puppy early on ensuring that as he grows into a dog he will view you as the leader. Cats on the other hand are not pack animals. They also will not look to a human as their master. It is said that dogs are social and cats are solitary. While it is true that dogs prefer the company of other dogs or humans, cats will become attached to an owner and in some situations...
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...Great Lakes: Great Decisions Strategic Management October 13, 2011 Great Lakes Chemical Corporation is a chemical producing corporation located in the United States that produces many different chemical compounds and solutions, including the ever controversial lead additive used in gasoline in some developing nations. The company, which was originally founded as an oil company, eventually acquired several other corporations and extended their oil business into one that handles chemicals such as bromine and eventually took over the company Octel which produced a lead additive. While the use of leaded gasoline became illegal in the US and all developed countries, it was still in heavy use in developing countries. These countries had yet converted to non-lead use, impart by the total control of these businesses by the government who cared solely on their profits. By a technological standpoint, Great Lakes uses minimal technological advances in its production of the lead additive, along with their other chemicals. With the advancement and use of non-leaded gasoline, all other chemical companies stopped producing the lead additive, mostly to comply with new regulations enforced against the environmentally unsafe additive. The company has been faced with dramatic push backs from environmentalists who urge the company to stop the production of this. The main issue with following through with this is that their economic situation has been extremely successful. The company...
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...Cats are better pets than dogs. Did you know that cats have 30 teeth and dogs have 42! No wonder cats are cheaper, easier to train, self-sufficient and well-balanced. Cats make better pets then dogs because, they are cheaper, self-sufficient and easier to train then dogs. Lower Cost The annual cost of dogs and cats are different. According Financially Fit blog, Annual bill for feeding and vet bills varies for small dogs $1,314 first year, $580 per year after. Medium Dogs $1,580 First year and $695 per year after. Large dogs are $1,843 first year and 875 per year after. Where cats are $1,035 first year and $670 per year after. No matter the breed away it always stays the same for cats. This estimate does not include if and or when you travel. Dogs you have to either bring along or pay extra money to have with you, get a dog sitter, and board them somewhere or a dog walker while at work or away. Where cats just need to have enough food and water for the time that you are gone, or have a relative or friend come and check on them. These estimates include food, annual vet bills, they don’t include extras like toys,. According to the ASPCA, training and grooming for a small dog breaks down like this:• Long hair grooming – $264 • Training class – $110 • TOTAL - $374. Ever see a dog's playthings? Shredded rawhide bones, torn tennis balls. They're in tatters (unless, of course, they've been swallowed). Cat toys tend to be hugged, carried and carefully hidden in beds or baskets. Cats...
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