...Topics in Cultural Studies-HUMA215 Candice Kelley Waugh 1/21/14 “To be or not to be…?” If the question is whether to confine all literary works to only the Latin language, then the answer for scholars and writers alike in the 12th century was indeed not. While Latin was spoken and read by educated men throughout Europe at the time, the growing availability of education for even the common man and women made for an increase in the amount of works created. It would then follow that with proper knowledge of the written word, those with the creative inkling would begin to write, not as a scholar, but rather in the vernacular most commonly recognizable to those who would read their works. Vernacular simply means the language or dialect spoken by the ordinary people in a particular country or region (Sayre, 2013). The Latin language however is far from dead. Its roots can be found in nearly every language throughout the world. Even with the complexity of the English language, Latin bases, roots, prefixes and suffixes are very apparent. Without the shift from exclusivity to commonality the literary world would have suffered greatly. Prior to the 12th century, literature was primarily written in Latin. According to Dr. Deborah Schwartz, a professor at Calpoly University, writers of the time adapted poetry from Latin to French as part of a movement known as “translation studii” (Schwartz, 1999-2008). Not only were current works translated to language that could understand by...
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...Topics in Cultural Studies HUMA215-1301A-36 Vernacular language is native of a particular group, region or country; mainly spoken as opposed to written. Until the 12th century, Latin was the language used among the educated and within literature. It is no surprise that Latin had such an impact on the medieval world. Latin owes its dominance to the rise of the Roman Empire from several hundred years B.C. to its demise around 1200 A.D. All through the time that it reigned supreme, Rome exported not only its values, architecture, law and art, but also its language. When the empire began to fall, the Latin language began to lose its hold on the people of Europe and North Africa. Since the empire began shrinking as early as the eighth and ninth century it is not surprising that the people living furthest from Rome itself were the first to undergo a cultural and ethnic revival, an integral part of this revival would be the use of their own vernacular language rather than the use of Latin. Latin became widely spread with the expansion of the Roman Empire. Latin eventually became the dominant the dominant language in the western half of the Empire. There were several Italic languages all belonging to the Indo-European linguistic family, Latin was among languages and its development was influenced by other tongues, including Celtic, Etruscan and Greek languages. All languages undergo development and changes and in each period of its evolution...
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...Gaius Julius Caesar[b] (Classical Latin: [ˈɡaː.i.ʊs ˈjuː.li.ʊs ˈkae̯.sar]; July 100 BC [1] – 15 March 44 BC)[2] was a Roman general, statesman, Consul, and notable author of Latin prose. He played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire. In 60 BC, Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey formed a political alliance that was to dominate Roman politics for several years. Their attempts to amass power through populist tactics were opposed by the conservative ruling class within the Roman Senate, among them Cato the Younger with the frequent support of Cicero. Caesar's victories in the Gallic Wars, completed by 51 BC, extended Rome's territory to the English Channel and the Rhine. Caesar became the first Roman general to cross both when he built a bridge across the Rhine and conducted the first invasion of Britain. These achievements granted him unmatched military power and threatened to eclipse the standing of Pompey, who had realigned himself with the Senate after the death of Crassus in 53 BC. With the Gallic Wars concluded, the Senate ordered Caesar to step down from his military command and return to Rome. Caesar refused the order, and instead marked his defiance in 49 BC by crossing the Rubicon with a legion, leaving his province and illegally entering Roman Italy under arms.[3] Civil war resulted, and Caesar's victory in the war put him in an unrivaled position of power and influence. After assuming control of government...
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...Plutarch's vivid writings on Julius Caesar's death, one of the most important moments in Roman history, has been a useful historical source for scholars threw out time. It inspired William Shakespeare's enactment of that fateful day. What made that day so eventful was that the Emperor Julius Caesar was stabbed repeatedly by who he claimed to be some of his closest friends. Plutarch's imagery from his writings helped display the horror that was Caesars assassination. There were many conspirators that took part in the assassination including one of Julius's most favored friends Brutus, who was also said to be one of Julius's illegitimate children. Brutus was one of the captains of the conspiracy and was heir to the Empire. Though the conspiracy...
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...English 326 – Shakespeare’s Tragedies Essay #1 – Julius Caesar Source Study Sourcing Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar Reading the works of William Shakespeare has often proven quite interesting, as most of his plays are works of fiction, due in part to Shakespeare’s wild imagination. The same cannot be said for his tragic drama of Julius Caesar, a story heavily based not only real life events, but also on Plutarch’s Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans, as translated by Sir Thomas North. In studying a source, readers are privy to the creative genius that is Shakespeare, as one takes note of what he has kept in his plays as well as what he changed and added himself along the way. While the majority of the plot of Act three in Julius Caesar is mostly the same, there are subtle changes here and there that reflect the liberties that Shakespeare took in writing his own version. For the most part, the changes are not so much words, but rather the physical actions of the characters and their dramatized presentation. Plutarch’s source states that Caesar’s entrance into the Senate house was cause for all members of the Senate to stand, and as a result of this, the men surrounded Caesar standing, before they stabbed him. In Shakespeare’s version, the men each come forward and kneel before Caesar prior to the violent stabbing. The kneeling is reflective of their pleading for Plubius Cimber’s return from banishment. The brutality of the stabbing is most likely a dramatic effect intended...
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...Julius Caesar Gaius Julius Caesar was a Roman statesman, general and notable author of Latin prose. He played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire. Born: July 13, 100 BC, Rome, Italy, Assassinated: March 15, 44 BC, Rome, Italy, Children: Augustus, Caesarion, Julia Caesaris, Movies: Caesar the Conqueror. The statesman and general Julius Caesar (100-44 B.C.) expanded the Roman Republic through a series of battles across Europe before declaring himself dictator for life. He died famously on the steps of the Senate at the hands of political rivals. Julius Caesar is often remembered as one of the greatest military minds in history and credited with laying the foundation for the Roman Empire. Gaius Julius Caesar, one of...
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...Kevin Long GE117 1-27-12 Citation Dixon, T. (2009). America’s difficulty with Darwin. History Today, 59(2), 22-28. Vocabulary 1. Theological (adjective) based upon the nature and will of god as revealed to humans 2. Congergationalist (noun) a form of protestant church government in which each religious society is independent and self governing 3. Interdenominational (adjective) incurring between, involving, or common to different religious denomations 4. Catastrophism (noun) the doctrine that vast logical geological changes in the earth’s history were caused by catastrophies rather than gradual evolutionary process 5. Inanity (noun) lack of sense, significance, or ideas Summary The article America’s Difficulty With Darwin. It discussed the different views on how religious and state decided to use his work. Response In the first part of the article the author discussed how Darwin viewed his religious life. At the time he wasn’t able to decline the church so he pretty much had to hide his doubts. His wife was religious and it discussed how hard it was for them with him not completely on board with the god theory. The article also broke down the age struggle of science and church. Since at his time the church didn’t allow his work. After he had died his work was well established with the scientific and on it’s way to be recognized by the church. And by the end of the 19th century the religions came to terms. And during the 17th and 18th century...
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...AIU Online September 19, 2012 Unit 2 Individual Project Latin was a large impact on the medieval ways. For very many years it was dominating the western world. The Latin language spread wherever the Roman Empire ruled. Around 1200 A.D. the empire began to fall and the Latin language began to fade. The people farthest away began to undergo the changes first and the ethical renewal began. Many individuals choose to use their vernacular language rather than Latin. In England they returned to old English with great influence from Alfred the Great. While in power he had written many books in old English; including many religious pieces. Beowulf and the Anglo Saxton Chronicles are also examples of literature written in old English. These pieces incorporated Latin characters. The English had many vernaculars during this time period. Your vernacular language depended on you social class. Lower classes tended to speak English. Traveling entertainers and many judicial situations utilized the vernacular in spoken form in France. A large percentage of the vernacular in France was romance; which stemmed from individuals jotting down stories as they were told by musicians that were passing through. Some of the oldest pieces date back to Charlemagne during the twelfth century. Germany used vernacular as early as the eighth century. Many attempts made to convert failed and was not accepted. During the 12th century many of the...
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...philosophy, science and mathematics, medicine, drama, and poetry profoundly. It has served as a basic model for the development of later European literatures and, consequently, the writings of the historians, geographers, philosophers, scientists, and rhetoricians are read today as sources of historical information and enjoyment. Alfred Whitehead, the famous British philosopher-mathematician, once commented that: “[A]ll philosophy is but a footnote to Plato” (Comptons Encyclopedia). A similar point can be made regarding Greek literature as a whole. The Greek world of thought was far ranging and ideas discussed today have been previously debated by ancient writers. In fact, until recently, in Western culture, an acquaintance with classical Latin (as well as Greek) literature was basic to a liberal education. Roman literature such as epic and lyric poetry, rhetoric, history, comic drama and satire (the last genre being the only literary form that the Romans invented) serve as today’s backbone for a basic understanding of expression and artistic creativity, as well as history. Greek comedies such as those of Naevius and Andronicus, as well as historical writings in epic poems (First Punic War), tell the story of Rome and its conquests and served as prototypes for Aroman epics. Later poets imitated early Roman writers as they used these early writings for springboards into further development of drama. For example, Plautus’s lively plays were a model for much subsequent European...
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...Parte de nuestros males proviene de que hay demasiados hombres vergonzosamente ricos o desesperadamente pobres. Hoy en día, por suerte, tiende a establecerse el equilibrio entre los dos extremos; las colosales fortunas de emperadores y libertos son cosa pasada; Trimalción y Nerón han muerto. Pero un inteligente reajuste económico del mundo está todavía por hacerse. Cuando subí al poder renuncié a las contribuciones voluntarias ofrecidas al emperador por las ciudades, y que no son más que un robo disfrazado. Te aconsejo que también renuncies a ellas cuando te llegue el día. La anulación completa de las deudas de los particulares al Estado era una medida más osada, pero igualmente necesaria para hacer tabla rasa después de diez años de economía de guerra. Nuestra moneda se ha devaluado peligrosamente a lo largo de un siglo, y sin embargo la eternidad de Roma está tasada por nuestras monedas de oro; preciso es, entonces, devolverles su valor y su peso, sólidamente respaldados en 2 las cosas. Nuestras tierras se cultivan al azar; tan sólo dos distritos privilegiados — Egipto, el África, la Toscana y algunos otros— han sabido crear comunidades campesinas que conocen a fondo el cultivo del trigo o de la vid. Una de mis preocupaciones consistía en sostener esa clase, que me proporcionaría instructores destinados a las poblaciones rurales más primitivas o más rutinarias. Acabé con el escándalo de las tierras dejadas en barbecho por los grandes propietarios indiferentes al bien...
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...We hear that Kevin is studying at a grammar school, and he has problems in latin classes. His father is a barman, and as Kevins mother says, they never got the chance of going to school, but his father would certainly have passed it, but his mother probably wouldn’t. Kevins mother doesn’t seem to have a education, but she might have a job, but we doesn’t hear about that. The Sweenys is a not a wealthy family, but they’re not concerned about money, which mean that they aren’t poor, but it’s not possible to make more money than they currently are, so there is no need for concern. Money isn’t a subject of conversation at the Sweenys, it is a well functioning family. The boy and his father have a relationship which isn’t characterised by a paternal dominance, the way they talk to each other is reflecting that. Kevins father, whos name we doesen’t know, is a calm type and is pleasant for the boy and his brothers to be around, and they to admire him, as in when he gets home from work, sits in his chair and simply commands “Slippers”, and the boys come as faithful dogs, to take of his shoes and put on his slippers. His father helps him with some latin grammar, as he is in a hurry to get to work, and Kevin trusts his father with deep faith, so he is sure that it must be correct, but at school he is picked out by the strict and respect demanding teacher, Waldo. He slowly and reads up the latin grammar his father gave him, but they were all wrong. But Kevin shows that...
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...MMLS NOTES: Possessive adjectives and possessive pronouns Introduction: Possessive pronouns are used to show ownership. They indicate who the owner of a certain thing is. Those Pronouns can accompany, describe and replace a noun. When they accompany and describe a noun they are also known as Possessive Adjectives. Example: • Mi coche es nuevo – My car is new (observe that “mi” accompanies and describes the noun “coche”) Possessive pronouns used after nouns can also be used alone, without the noun they’re referring to. When they replace the noun and are used alone, they are accompanied by definite articles (except if they come after verb to be) or by the neutral article and have masculine, feminine, singular and plural forms. Example: • Mi coche es nuevo. El tuyo es viejo – My car is new. Yours is old. (In the first sentence “mi” accompanies and describes the object “coche”. In the second sentence observe that “tuyo” is masculine, replaces the word “coche” and it is used along with the definite article “el”) Very important: Possessive adjectives agree in number with the possessed thing, not with the owner except for nosotros-a and vosotros-as which the possessive adjectives form agrees with the nouns in gender also. Observe the table. |Person |English |Possessive Adjectives-|Possessive Adjectives– Plural | | | |Singular...
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...Identify and define word parts. Analyze and define medical terms. Build medical terms for given descriptions. Build, analyze, define, pronounce, and spell diagnostic, surgical, anatomical, and procedural terms. Methods of Teaching 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Lecture, discussion, role playing emphasizing critical thinking Videos PowerPoint Computer-assisted instruction Demonstration Laboratory Practice Individual and Group Conference Written tests Clinical practice Evaluations HESI; Case Studies Student Responsibilities: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Read assigned chapter or unit. Define key words/terms related to chapter. Attend lectures and demonstrations. Practice lab procedures associated with the lesson as applicable. View videos associated with lesson. Complete computer activities as assigned. Participate in class/lab activities. Discuss critical thinking activities associated with the lesson Review safety principles associated with the lesson. Avoid conversations with classmates during lecture. Ask permission from instructor if using audio-recorder. Utilize breaks appropriately and return on time. Refer and follow the policies as outlined and discussed in the Student Handbook. Pass exams with a grade of 80% or higher. 1 Revised: 07/2011, 7/2012, 7/2014, Reviewed/Revised 8/2015 LMS/TR Garnet Career Center School of Practical Nursing Medical Terminology METHODS OF EVALUATION ...
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...L’Erin Ferguson HITT1305 Lesson 1.1 1. Identify and define the four basic word parts and their purpose associated with medical terms. Give an example of each word part, a definition of each part and cite a medical term that demonstrates correct usage of the word part. In medical terminology there are four basic word parts. They are word root, prefix, suffix and combing vowel. While each has its own functions they come together to make an endless array of words to describe many different medical terms that are helpful for reporting and transcription purposes. Word roots will never change its meaning. The purpose of word roots help you to determine the origin or subject of that word making reference to it in regard to the medical term. The definition of a word root, is a word that does not have a prefix or a suffix and is determined as the base word. Some even refer to it as a stem word. For example, aden/o meaning gland used to make the word adenocarcinoma. Adecarcinoma means a malignant tumor formed from glandular structures in epithelial tissue. Prefixes begin at the being of a word and is often incorporated to change the meaning of that word .The definition of a prefix is an affix paced before the stem of a word. It can be a word, letter, or a number. The prefix ab which means “away from” added to oral produces the word aboral (away from mouth).In addition, a suffix is attached to the end of a word root. All medical terms has a suffix unless the word root creates a word...
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...Library relationships • 022 Administration of the physical plant • 023 Personnel administration • 024 Not assigned or no longer used • 025 Library operations • 026 Libraries for specific subjects • 027 General libraries • 028 Reading, use of other information media • 029 Not assigned or no longer used • 030 General encyclopedic works • 031 General encyclopedic works -- American • 032 General encyclopedic works in English • 033 General encyclopedic works in other Germanic languages • 034 General encyclopedic works in French, Provencal, Catalan • 035 General encyclopedic works in Italian, Romanian, Rhaeto-Romanic • 036 General encyclopedic works in Spanish & Portuguese (Latin American) • 037 General encyclopedic works in Slavic languages • 038 General encyclopedic works in Scandinavian languages • 039 General encyclopedic works in other languages • 040 Not assigned or no longer used • 041 Not...
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