...are you ever going to manage to resist the overwhelming forces of fatigue and drowsiness? How are you going to stay awake? When faced with this daunting dilemma or a similar situation, most people turn to caffeine for the energy needed to pull through the night. Whether you sipped at a tall latte or chugged a few Mountain Dews, you know you couldn't have done it without caffeine's help. On the other hand, you may heavily rely on the invigorating boost from your morning brew to jump start your day. Regardless, the conclusion remains the same: Caffeine immensely influences our daily lives. In “How Caffeine Works,” Marshall Brain states that “between 80 and 90 percent of adults and children habitually consume caffeine.” in North America. Furthermore, the average intake of caffeine is 280 mg, which is about a cup and a half of coffee (Brain et al). These statistics explicitly demonstrate the deep integration of caffeine into our culture. But why are Americans always attracted to caffeine? What makes it so alluring? Is it helpful or harmful? A simple study of the effects of caffeine on the human body will produce irrevocable evidence about the many benefits of caffeine. More specifically, caffeine beneficially interacts with adenosine, dopamine, and adrenaline, serves as a mild treatment to several disorders, and decreases the risk of acquiring a number of diseases. First and foremost, caffeine impersonates adenosine, a chemical that slows down nerve cell activity, resulting...
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...Therefore, there is a large amount of research available on the effects of caffeine on the body and mind but not enough research has been done in order for scientists to completely understand the effects of caffeine. Caffeine is such a widely consumed substance and it is therefore important for the scientific community to conduct this research in order to make the public aware of what they are consuming and how it can effect...
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...ARTICLE IN PRESS Sleep Medicine Reviews (2008) 12, 153–162 www.elsevier.com/locate/smrv CLINICAL REVIEW Caffeine: Sleep and daytime sleepiness Timothy Roehrsa,b,Ã, Thomas Rotha,b a Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W Grand Blvd, CFP-3, Detroit, MI 48202, USA b Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA KEYWORDS Caffeine; Daytime sleepiness; Sleep disturbance; Caffeine dependence Summary Caffeine is one of the most widely consumed psychoactive substances and it has profound effects on sleep and wake function. Laboratory studies have documented its sleep-disruptive effects. It clearly enhances alertness and performance in studies with explicit sleep deprivation, restriction, or circadian sleep schedule reversals. But, under conditions of habitual sleep the evidence indicates that caffeine, rather then enhancing performance, is merely restoring performance degraded by sleepiness. The sleepiness and degraded function may be due to basal sleep insufficiency, circadian sleep schedule reversals, rebound sleepiness, and/or a withdrawal syndrome after the acute, over-night, caffeine discontinuation typical of most studies. Studies have shown that caffeine dependence develops at relatively low daily doses and after short periods of regular daily use. Large sample and population-based studies indicate that regular daily dietary caffeine intake is associated with disturbed...
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...How Caffeine Affects the Body When we hear people talking about drug use, our minds will wander to common drugs such as Ecstasy, Marijuana, and Heroine. However, caffeine is said to be the most common drug in the world. An estimated 100 million people in the United States ingest caffeine every day, but most people are not aware that it is considered a drug. Generally, caffeine is classified as a stimulant. Stimulating the central nervous system is one of many effects caffeine has on the body’s metabolism. This stimulation can result in a person becoming more alert or more energetic. Typically, the amount of caffeine in two to four cups of coffee a day is not dangerous. However, caffeine in excessive amounts can make you anxious, restless, and irritable. It may also keep you from sleeping well and cause migraines, unusual heartbeats, or other problems. If a person chooses to stop caffeine use, they may experience severe symptoms of withdrawal. Caffeine in Foods and Beverages Caffeine isn’t exactly dangerous however the foods and beverages that contain it can be unhealthy. Foods like yogurt, ice cream, and various different kinds of candy bars have 1 to 85 mg of caffeine in each serving. Caffeine is associated with the family of heterocyclic compounds known as purines, and the drug can also be classified as an alkaloid. The chemical formula for caffeine is C8H10N4O2 . The molecular structure of caffeine With a molar mass of 194.19 grams per mole, this drug...
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...Caffeine is the most-widely consumed psychoactive substance by human beings throughout the world (Reid, 2005). This report will detail its natural origins, chemical structure (as well as those of similar substances), and the methods and dosages in which it is rendered into its usable form. Additionally, this report will detail caffeine's various biological pathways within the human body, including access to the brain and various neurotransmitter pathways. Caffeine is a chemical that occurs naturally in over 100 plant species throughout the world (Steffen, 2000). Perhaps the most widely recognized of these plants is the coffee tree, whose small seed (commonly referred to as a "bean") is roasted and then crushed into a fine powder (Weinberg and Bealer, 2001). Caffeine also occurs naturally in cocoa beans, tea leaves, kola nuts, and gurana seeds, and mate. Some of these plants, such as tea, actually bear a distinct, but similar chemical to caffeine (i.e. theophylline); these chemicals will be discussed further in the chemistry section (Steffen, 2000). Caffeine is chemically known by two names. The first is 1,3,7 -trimethylxanthine; the second is 3,7,-Dihydro-1,3,7- trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione. Historically, caffeine has also gone by the name of methyltheobromine, as well as thein (Weinberg and Bealer, 2001). The chemical formula of caffeine is C8 H10 N4 O2. The molecular weight for this chemical is 194.19 atomic units. Its composition...
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...http://ids-research.wikispaces.com/file/view/Gutierrez,+Miranda+Manuscript.docx CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study The Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophylla) commonly called “Langka or Nangka” is a species of tree in the Artocarpus genus of the mulberry family (Moraceae). It is one of the popular fruit species in the Philippines. This is manifested by its wide distribution and cultivation. In Eastern Visayas production has steadily increased through the years which enables it to ship to other regions and major cities like Cebu and Manila some one hundred (100) to three hundred (300) fruits or two (2) to three (3) tons per week. Every part of the jackfruit tree has its respective uses. The immature fruit is used as a vegetable and feeds while the mature fruit is used for desserts and it is processed into beverages and sweets. Its trunk is used as a lumber for houses and building materials. The leaves of this fruit are used as a medicine, fodder, and as a compost material. Its latex is in the list of ingredients for glue and paste. The seed is used for food, also used in feeds, used for planting materials and for making candies. Its roots are used for handle for farm implements. Coffee is a beverage prepared from dried ground beans of Coffea arabica, an African evergreen; the berries are rich in caffeine, which stimulates the CNS and cardiorespiratory system and results in mild addictive symptoms. The researchers pursued this study because...
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...CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study The Jackfruit (Artocarpusheterophylla) commonly called “Langka or Nangka” is a species of tree in the Artocarpus genus of the mulberry family (Moraceae). It is one of the popular fruit species in the Philippines. This is manifested by its wide distribution and cultivation. In Eastern Visayas production has steadily increased through the years which enable it to ship to other regions and major cities like Cebu and Manila some 100 to 300 fruits approximately two (2) to three (3) tons per week. Every part of the jackfruit tree has its respective uses. The immature fruit is used as a vegetable and feeds while the mature fruit is used for desserts and it is processed into beverages and sweets. Its trunk is used as a lumber for houses and building materials. The leaves of this fruit are used as a medicine, fodder, and as a compost material. Its latex is in the list of ingredients for glue and paste. Its roots are used for handle for farm implements. The seed is used for food, also used in feeds, used for planting materials and for making candies. But none had studied the seeds as a potential coffee. Coffee is a beverage prepared from dried ground beans of Coffeaarabica, an African evergreen; the berries are rich in caffeine, which stimulates the CNS and cardiorespiratory system and results in mild addictive symptoms. The researchers pursued this study because using this study, jackfruit seeds can be made another...
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...the results of the study. Part Four, Definition of Terms, lists alphabetically technical terms used in this study. These terms are defined conceptually and operationally. Part Five, Delimitation of the Study, identifies the scopes and limitations encountered during the conduct of the study. It identifies the variables, the subjects, research designs and statistical analysis procedures used in the study. Likewise, it specifies the location and time of the conduct of the study. Background and Theoretical Framework of the Study Soft drinks and sodas could damage a person. Every person must remember and know that it has a lot of ways to inflict one’s body, physically or mentally. There are certain attitudes that push humans to drink carbonated or caffeinated beverages without knowing their harmful effects. Carbonated soft drink consumption is linked with a disease which is called adenocarcinoma in the esophagus which is stated in the...
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...To go to page vi of Volume 2, type Vol2:vi in the "page #" box… and so forth. Encyclopedia of Human Body Systems This page intentionally left blank Encyclopedia of Human Body Systems VOLUME 1 Julie McDowell, Editor Copyright 2010 by ABC-CLIO, LLC All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data McDowell, Julie. Encyclopedia of human body systems / Julie McDowell. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978–0–313–39175–0 (hard copy : alk. paper) 1. Human physiology—Encyclopedias. I. Title. QP11.M33 2011 612.003—dc22 2010021682 ISBN: 978–0–313–39175–0 EISBN: 978–0–313–39176–7 14 13 12 11 10 1 2 3 4 5 This book is also available on the World Wide Web as an eBook. Visit www.abc-clio.com for details. Greenwood An Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC ABC-CLIO, LLC 130 Cremona Drive, P.O. Box 1911 Santa Barbara, California 93116-1911 This book is printed on acid-free paper Manufactured in the United States of America Contents VOLUME ONE About the Editor and Contributors, vii Introduction, ix CHAPTER 1 The Building Blocks of the Human Body, 1 Julie McDowell CHAPTER 2 The Circulatory System, 23 Leslie Mertz CHAPTER 3 The Digestive System...
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