...Shaping entrepreneurship at universities? A study in the Arab world. Overview: Entrepreneurship education has spread enormously during the last decades, and today entrepreneurship is taught to numerous pupils and students in various disciplines and at different levels of education. Policy makers around the world view entrepreneurship as a key competence to be fostered already at an early stage of education, and an increasing amount of resources are spent on various initiatives in the field. While the number of entrepreneurship education programs is growing, their impact is under-researched and studies paint an ambiguous picture of the impact of entrepreneurship education. In today's world there are so many universities that are taking up classes...
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...THE UNIVESITY OF ZAMBIA SCHOOL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES NAME : KALUBA PHIRI QUESTION: ENTREPRENEURS ARE BORN. DISCUSS The main objective of this essay is to discuss whether entrepreneurs are born or made. It will start by giving an elaborate definition of an entrepreneur and also highlight the characteristics which they possess. It will thereafter discuss with valid points raised on both angles of whether entrepreneurs are born or made. It will therefore justify with persuasive evidence that entrepreneurs are made. Finally a conclusion will be drawn. The entrepreneur character is one of the characters which strongly influence business around the world. This explains the need to understand the profile of such a character. An entrepreneur is a person who creates a new business, taking risks in achieving the objectives which they propose, to make profits and growth by identifying some important opportunities. An entrepreneur manages important resources, which he or she draws from different sources on a major power to persuade those who hold them. Many experts have sought to understand and describe the personality of the entrepreneur, because, although many people have good ideas to start a business, some turn these ideas into concrete businesses (Shapiro 1975). Burdus (3, 2007) An entrepreneur is said to be "a person with...
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...years the number of entrepreneurship courses increased twentyfold and amazon.com lists over 45,000 books dealing with entrepreneurship. This demonstrates the increasing interest in entrepreneurial education and illustrates that there is a strong belief that entrepreneurship can be taught. In contrast, successful business leader as Zineb Hefiri didn’t attend any entrepreneurial courses and argue that her success came from her life experience.1 Moreover, there are plenty stories about entrepreneurs who run a business without a college degree, some without even finishing high school. Are they the exception or is being an entrepreneur an art that you either have or don't have? What is the road to be a successful entrepreneur? Does entrepreneurship education make people better entrepreneurs? Or are life experiences enough to establish the required skills and knowledge? The purpose of this dissertation paper is to identify what makes a successful entrepreneur and to determine to which extent entrepreneurial education has more impact than a person’s life experiences. ¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬___________________________________ 1Mondo, M 2011, Entrepreneurship: Managing new venture growth, Pearson Education, viewed 04 December 2011 Facts about Entrepreneurial Education As a matter of fact, there are no conclusive studies that directly examine the benefits provided by entrepreneurship education. Hence researchers are unaware of the implications entrepreneurship has on start-up company...
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...Erasmus University of Rotterdam Erasmus Centre for Entrepreneurship The Impact of entrepreneurship education programs on entrepreneurial intentions: An application of the theory of planned behavior Master Thesis Sofia Karali 357726 Supervisor: Pr. Dr. Roy Thurik Erasmus School of Economics Co-reader: Hendrik Halbe MSc Erasmus Centre for Entrepreneurship Erasmus School of Economics Rotterdam 2013 Abstract Though many researchers have focused on entrepreneurship education, little research has been conducted on the precise effects and overall effectiveness of the entrepreneurship education programs. Drawing on the theory of planned behavior, this study investigates the impact of entrepreneurship programs on the entrepreneurial intention of students in higher education in the Netherlands. Data for this study is drawn from GUESSS (an international project investigating the entrepreneurial spirit of students worldwide). The results show that participants of entrepreneurship education programs are more likely to have higher intention (right or five years after their studies have been completed) to found their own businesses compared to nonparticipants. Furthermore, attitude toward entrepreneurship, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control mediate the aforementioned relationship. The findings of this report contribute both to the Theory of Planned Behavior and to the field of entrepreneurship education. 1 Contents Acknowledgements 1. Introduction 2. Literature...
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...the characteristics credited to entrepreneurs include extroversion, risk taker, persistence, independent, innovative, opportunistic and the need for achievement. These skills are the reason many believe they are from nature as they go above and beyond those of an ordinary office manager. Many believe that these are skills are innate in a person, that they are born with them and they are skills and characteristics that cannot be taught. (Scott Shane, wall street journal) ‘40 percent of the variation in the tendency to be an entrepreneur is inherited.’ Some people say that not anyone can become an entrepreneur; they have to have the right innate qualities from birth alongside the external influences for their talents to be recognized in business. “If the environment is not conducive then entrepreneurial talent will lie dormant”. (Deakins et al, 2009, p. 23). The view that not everybody has the ability to become an entrepreneur is also shared amongst professionals. Psychologist Adrianne Atkinson when interviewed by The Times said “This theory that anyone can become an entrepreneur is absolute nonsense. And what is terrible about that message is that it is making people risk their money and is...
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...What is entrepreneurship? Entrepreneurship is the process of starting a business. An entrepreneur develops a business plan and is fully responsible for the company’s survival. He or she is in charge of resources or manpower, if any. What are the qualities of an entrepreneur? They are leadership, innovation in business and willing to take risks. They are willing to take on additional risks despite dealing with uncertainty. A risk taker, I would say. A good example of a successful entrepreneur would be Robert Kiyosaki, the author of Rich Dad Poor Dad. In his book, he taught about advocates financial independence and building wealth through various means such as investing and owning businesses. By reading his book, you are able to increase your financial intelligence. You can read his book to get a head start on entrepreneurship. As quoted from Rich Dad Poor Dad, “Winners are not afraid of losing. But losers are. Failure is part of the process of success. People who avoid failure also avoid success.” We must not be afraid to try. If we do not try, we do not know if we will be successful. There is a chance we might fail. But think of the positive side, there is a chance we will succeed. Positive mindset is very important being an entrepreneurship. By going into entrepreneurship, you let money work for money instead of you working for money. It takes a lot of courage to start but once you are willing to work hard, your efforts would be paid off. Thank...
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...Table of Contents Introduction 4 Question 1: Why was the support of employees so important to the company’s survival? 5 Question 2: Since the board members recommended that they declare bankruptcy and they did not take the advice, why have a board? 6 Question 3: Why would you say that Sara and Chris’s dilemma was an ethical one and not a legal one? 7 References 8 Appendix: Presentation Slides 9 Introduction This report focuses on the Entrepreneurship and Society chapter, particularly on the Graber Products case study. Graber Products makes bicycle racks, parking, and training systems. Sara and Chris Fortune bought Graber Products in 1989 when it had 24 employees and $3.3 million in sales. When the video case study was filmed, there were up to 60 employees and with revenues over $10 million. They were sued for patent infringement and lost $1 million in the lawsuit which they were advised to declare bankruptcy but chose to not take that path. Sara and Chris were not quitters and they have 3 main reasons to their success are having a banker who believed with their road to recovery, psychological support from employees and board of directors, and their responsible upbringing. The Graber Products brand represented quality and stability; however their sales were flat as they were known in a market as supplier of nuts and bolts. Chris had to reposition Graber Products as an innovative company as they need fresh energy to grow again. He then built on the good he bought...
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...communicating with interviewees on live television. The experience she had gained is illustrated in her calm and collected manner where she presents her very well organised speech to the person with which she converses on air. After a few years of moving from school to school in her teenage years, Oprah had committed herself whilst pursuing her degree at the Tennessee State University. Oprah Winfrey is now armed with a Bachelor’s in Arts and Science. Her parents did not share her academic background, although her father did show signs of entrepreneurial capabilities as he ran his own barber shop. Based on where Oprah currently stands, with her brand new talkshow, The Oprah Winfrey Network, it is evident to me that her success in entrepreneurship can be credited to nurture. It seems to me that a lot of achievements had to do with her involvement in the...
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...Social Entrepreneurship and the work that a social entrepreneur does. The Report is a guide to learn Social Entrepreneurship through Handson experience. The Report covers my experience in starting a Social Enterprise, difficulties I encountered during the time and how to make a Social Enterprise a Viable option. This report covers everything from rise of this term Social Entrepreneur, to work done by Social Entrepreneurs, to the Entrepreneurial theories and approaches they follow or must follow. This report also describes several Social Ventures and the people behind those ventures who have brought about a positive social change. Social Entrepreneurship is a relatively new phenomenon and the excitement it has created throughout the world because of the impact it has had is tremendous. This report thus describes what learning social entrepreneurship through hands-on experience is. The Report also lists the various people I contacted for Sponsorship and the manner in which they supported the project. 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 03 ABSTRACT 04 1. SKILL DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP 06 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1.2 OBJECTIVES 1.3 METHODOLOGY 1.4 DATA COLLECTION 1.5 CHAPTER SCHEME 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 11 3. HISTORY 17 4. MODERN SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP 22 5. SOME OUTSTANDING EXAMPLES 27 6. THEORIES OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP 33 7. CONCLUSION 38 8. BIBILIOGRAPHY 39 6 CHAPTER-1 SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP 1.1 INTRODUCTION: Social entrepreneurship is the...
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...Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship assignment 1500 word: Interview with Pearse Kelly, Spar owner In the following assignment I will describe in a case study form the interview in which I undertook with Pearse Kelly that is the owner of the local Spar in my area Maghera. I will outline his role as an entrepreneur and explain how he started off and got to his success. Entrepreneurship and school of thought – Entrepreneurial Trait Approach We can define an “entrepreneur” as someone who demonstrates initiative by organizing a venture to take benefit of an opportunity and, as the decisionmaker, decides what, how, and how much of a good or service will be produced. It is someone who is determined and sees to the future and is not afraid of taking risks in life. That is where Pearse fits in. I asked Pearse firstly, “How would you describe yourself?” Pearse replied promptly and convincingly with “I am very much so a determined, hard-working individual, I am a mirror-image for others to see themselves through and someone who strives for success in everything they do and not afraid to take upon the impossible”. David McClleland (1961) describes an entrepreneur as “a person with a high need for achievement [N-Ach]. He is energetic and a moderate risk taker.” To further the interview I asked Pearse a question regarding his background history, he began telling me about how his current firm (SPAR) had been a small confectionary shop owned by his grandmother which was...
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...Today’s World 5 ENTREPRENEURIAL LEADERSHIP 7 Entrepreneurship and its Relevance in Today’s World 7 Entrepreneurial Leadership and its Importance in Today’s World 7 MY LEADERSHIP STYLE AND OVERALL REFLECTION 10 My Experiences with Leadership 10 What Kind of Leader do I Want to be and Why? 13 How Best Can I Become a Leader 13 REFERENCES 14 ------------------------------------------------- INTRODUCTION According to a number of different sources a manifesto can be defined as a statement that publicly declares the intentions, views and motives of the issuer. This report is a personal manifesto that outlines my thoughts on the topic of leadership. The topic of leadership has been debated over endlessly this year. We have discussed what the difference is between transactional and transformational leadership, the qualities of the most effective leaders, the different levels of effective leadership and the different styles of leadership. Leadership is also something that, I’m pretty sure, each Genesis participant has physically experienced on top of academically studying it throughout this year. I feel that, after this year, I am much more aware of the importance of leadership and its effect on today’s society and our economy. In the first section I will outline my interpretation of the definition and why I feel it is so important in today’s world. The next section will explore the intersection of entrepreneurship and leadership as well as the emerging importance...
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...Mentors As Stonyfield Farm CEO Gary Hirshberg put it, "The most undervalued asset in entrepreneurship is determination," and I had finally made the determination to pursue the education necessary to under gird my future business plans. David is not the only successful businessperson I know, but he is the most ethical. Many of the others I grew up with achieved their success by capitalizing on their charisma, their image, or their style. Like my mentor David, however, I knew that I wanted to succeed and be judged based on my character, integrity, and substance. I recognized through my friendship with David that true leadership requires character, and that developing and maintaining character takes grit and persistence. David taught me that gaining success in a capitalistic society is not a right but a responsibility and that it is possible to possess a tough-minded business sense and great humanity simultaneously. During all the years that I witnessed David's ascent in the business world, he never stopped working to achieve success, and I have adopted the same drive. Everyone has dreams, but I have learned to do the groundwork that will make my dreams into realities. I am multilingual, speaking English and Farsi, and I am in the process of learning additional languages-Spanish, Arabic, Hebrew, and German-that will allow me to communicate with an even wider audience. Like David, I do whatever I can to stay at the top and remain competitive, and although life is not perfect, I rarely...
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...For the exclusive use of S. Jin 9-809-063 REV: FEBRUARY 4, 2011 NOAM WASSERMAN Apple's Core In 1983, Steve Jobs was featured on the cover of Time magazine when the personal computer was named “Machine of the Year.” His co-founder, Steve Wozniak, was quoted as saying, “Steve didn’t do one circuit, design, or piece of code.”1 The two had launched Apple Computer seven years before. The Two Steves Steve Wozniak grew up in suburban Santa Clara, California. At an early age, under his father’s influence, he developed a strong view of ethics and an interest in technology. Extreme honesty, extreme ethics, really. That’s the biggest thing he taught me . . . I never lie even to this day. . . . The other thing my dad taught me was a lot about electronics. I so clearly remember him telling me that engineering was the highest level of importance you could reach in the world, that someone who could make electrical devices that do something good for people takes society to a new level.2 The dream of building a personal computer was sparked for Wozniak when his father showed him an article about the original ENIAC computer. The article speculated about computer technology reaching “a point where anyone could buy a computer and put it in your house and learn how to use it yourself. I thought that would be just the best thing, and that was The Dream . . . the single force that drove me for years afterwards.”3 A zest for laughter also infused Wozniak’s life. He believed that “[i]n...
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...ACADEMIC GUIDELINES www.ibs.utm.my ACADEMIC GUIDELINES CONTENTS ITEM PAGE Overview / Background of UTM 4 Philosophy of UTM 4 Vision of UTM 4 Mission of UTM 4 Motto of UTM 4 International Business School (IBS) In Brief 5 Vision of UTM IBS 5 Mission of UTM IBS 5 Core Values 5 Client Charter 6 UTM IBS Organization Chart 7 Postgraduate Administrator 8 Graduate Faculty 9 Enrolment and Duration Of Studies 13 Change of Program Of Study, Type of Registration, And Mode of Study 13 Withdrawal (TD) of a Course 14 Attendance 14 Academic Load 14 Credit Exemption and Transfer 15 Grading System 16 Academic Standing 17 Deferment, Suspension and Termination 18 2 ACADEMIC GUIDELINES ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA) 20 21 Introduction MBA Course Structure Programme Specifications and Learning Outcomes 23 Course Synopsis 26 21 DOCTOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (DBA) Programme Specifications and Learning Outcomes DBA Course Structure 38 41 OTHER INFORMATION REFERENCES UTM IBS Postgraduate Student Society (PGSS) 42 43 3 ACADEMIC GUIDELINES OVERVIEW / BACKGROUND OF UTM The main campus of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) is located in a strategic area of 1,177 hectares in the Iskandar Development Region, Johor.UTM has another campus known as the UTM Kuala Lumpur, Jalan Semarak with an area of 18 hectares. The history of UTM began in 1904 as a Treacher Techical School and was later...
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... PTE (Pearson): 62 (minimum 55 in all components) Test dates should be within two years of the course start date. 2. ST ANDREWS 圣安Scotland MLitt International Business MLitt Marketing MSc Economics MLitt English Studies MSc Finance MLitt Finance and Management MLitt Human Resource Management MLitt International Business and Strategy MLitt Management MSc Management and Information Technology MSc Computing and Information Technology MSc Information Technology MLitt TESOL with Distance Learning 2:1 (UK), 2:2 or B+ (Europe), 3.6 GPA (USA), 85% (China), 70% (India) IELTS 7.0 with minimum 6.0 in writing or TOEFL 600PBT/100IBT £17,500 NO GMAT Requirement, 2+2 students’ IETLS may can be waived. 3. Bath 巴斯 England The School of Management: No 1 for Accounting and Finance in UK No. 1 for Student Satisfaction in Business Study in UK No 1 for Graduate Jobs in Business No 2 and No 11 in UK and World Ranking in MBA study Management: 44 (0) 1225 386742 MSc in Management MSc in Human Resource Management and Consulting MSc in Sustainability and Management MSc in International Management MSc in Advanced...
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