...Before the War of 1812, Britain and France were in conflict. They finally confirmed war against each other. America was deciding what side they should defend, the French or the British. America didn’t want to choose which side they should fight on so, they stayed neutral and refused to fight in the war. Because of this action, Britain restricted trade access with France and, France restricted trade access with Britain. Britain came to tae this too far and kidnaped sailors and forced them to fight in the war against France. America and the United Kingdom...
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...(FIRs) for controlling air traffic and making airport identification simple and clear. Code selections in North America were based on existing radio station identifiers. For example, radio stations in Canada were already starting with "C", so it seemed logical to begin Canadian airport identifiers with Cxxx. The United States had many pre-existing airports with established mnemonic codes. Their ICAO codes were formed simply by prepending a K to the existing codes, as half the radio station identifiers in the US began with K. Most ICAO codes outside the US and Canada have a stronger geographical structure. Most of the rest of the world could be classified in a more planned top-down manner, as they didn't have as much established aviation legacy. Thus Uxxx referred to the Soviet Union with the second letter denoting the specific region within it, and so forth. Europe had too many locations for only one starting letter, so it was split into Exxx for northern Europe and Lxxx for southern Europe. The second letter drilled down: EGxx was the United Kingdom (G for Great Britain), EDxx was West Germany (D for Deutschland), ETxx was East Germany (the ETxx code was reassigned to military fields after the reunification), LExx was Spain (E for España), LAxx was Albania, and so on. France was designated LFxx, as the counterpart EFxx was the unambiguously northern Finland. (originally OFxx, as the more rigid geographical structure evolved over time; in the beginning, countries usually had...
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...learn how other people learn and think. In North American, most people choose French and Spanish as their second or third language. Many people believe that Spanish is actually more useful than French, and obviously the foreign language most spoken and studied--by far--in the North America is Spanish. Compare with French, Spanish can offer a wealth of literature of Latin language, both modern and traditional. For example, when you are reading a Latin American websites, you may find that you could gain a sense of how other people think and fee if you know Spanish. As a matter of fact, both of the languages belong to the Latin group of languages. Hence, they show some similarities too. On the one hand, French is spoken by the country of France in the continent of Europe. On the other hand, Spanish is spoken in the country of Spain in the continent of Europe. However, French and Spanish are two languages that show enormous differences between them when it comes to the pronunciation of their words, word formation and the like. It is important to know that both French and Spanish belong to the family of languages called the Indo-European family of languages. The Indo-European family of languages is otherwise called as Indo-Germanic family of languages. Since, both French and Spanish belong to the same family they show a lot of similarities too among them apart...
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...most of gaps revenue (about 89 %) comes from domestic sales, it has expanded internationally to the United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, France, and Japan • Gap Inc. has acquired several other brands in order to expand its target market while still staying true to its original Gap aesthetics • An example of this took place in Germany. While moving its company there they realized it was not brining in revenue, in fact it was the companies smallest international business. Gap, Inc. decided to acquire H&M in order to optimize their growth. • Brands Include: Gap, Banana Republic, Old Navy, Intermix, piperlime, and athleta • More then 150, 000 employees and approximately 3700 stores worldwide • -400 franchise stores • -United Kingdom: In 1987 gap opened their first store outside the United States, which was located in London. Today there are approximately 189 stores located in Europe • Canada: gap Inc. largest international market. In 1998 Canada was introduced to its first gap store. Gap has continuously kept the strategy of opening big stores, their biggest, and extensive advertisement strategies in Canada • -Germany: 1990s, Gap made its way to Germany. This proved to be the Companies smallest international business…here they changed their strategy by relocating their investment into Swedish retail, by selling its German operations to H&M In 2004 • -France: here Gap added value tax to their merchandise to not only increase their prices but also make a stand in this new...
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...Chapter 6 The Seven Years War "The Great War for Empire" A. The First Clash (1754) 1. Washington and his Army were ordered by Dinwiddie to seek out the French fort a. He was given an Architect to build the fort (He was French) b. Governor Dinwiddie wanted to name the fort "Fort Dinwiddie" 2. " Battle of Great Meadows" a. Washington started building the fort b. The Architect goes to the French and gives them the blueprints to the fort. c. French ambush them while building but the fort was just a pile of scraps d. Start building the fort Hastily (Fort Necessity) 3. Held at ransom a. Washington and his men were held at ransom b. told to go home (sally Fairfax is pregnant) i. he was held a hero once he goes home to virginia ii. Washington has done nothing though B. The Albany Conference / The Albany Convention 1. Convened by the officials of the British board of Trade 2. Held at Albany New York in 1754 3. This was considered the first attempt at cooperation among leaders a. Representatives from New England, New York, Pennsylvania, and Maryland i. Ben Franklyn Was the representative of Pennsylvania 4. The British wanted the Colonists and Indians on their side a. 150 chiefs of the Iroquois Tribes i. Iroquois had grown impatient because of the colonial land grabing ii. "Brother, you are not to expect to hear of me anymore" (Chief Hendrick) b. British could not afford to lose both of them i. although...
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...Deerfield, Mass. raid of 1704, and "analyze the forces that overshadowed them" in the traditional historical milieu (7). Themes: Culture is one the main themes featured in this text. The French and Native alliance brought about some major differences in culture, especially when it came to war strategy. Many of the Native strategies went against the European Code of War and both cultures had to compromise on their strategies in order for the alliance to be successful (103). There was also a huge push on the captors part to integrate captives into their culture and lifestyle. According to the authors, captives had to be accepted as "kin (152)."Because of their common European culture, English captives were a lot easier to integrate into the New France...
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...to go to war with one another. In all reality it was Hitler that made the two countries become allies. By the near end of WWII all alliances as well as the international relations changed very drastically. Britain, United States, France and the USSR were the most powerful as well as prominent allies during WWII. When WWII was finally finished these was complete devastation to the economy as well as their environment. When Stalin ruled the USSR he tried to use the fact that Europe was in a weakened state by taking advantage. He tried to do this by expanding their communist territories. Due to the France as well as Britain decided to slide with the United States. In 1947, the US adopted the Truman Doctrine and then the Marshall Place to stop the USSR from taking over Greece and Turkey by providing economic aid (Davidson, 2006). The idea behind the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan was containment rather than a violent war. However, Stalin was not contained. Stalin’s aggressions against Hungary in 1947 and Czechoslovakia in 1948 increased hostilities between the USSR and its former allies. These aggressive acts caused the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1949, a defensive alliance between the US, Canada, Britain, France, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg (Davidson, 2006). During August of this same year, the USSR developed nuclear capabilities (Davidson, 2006). In 1948 to 1953 the Cold War hit its peak. In this period the soviet’s unsuccessfully...
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...insists he be allowed to (a) rule by decree (b) change the constitution but says… • ‘Do people believe that at the age of 67 I am going to begin a career as a dictator?” • later in 1965 ‘When did you see a dictator forced into a second ballot?’ The Sept 1958 Constitution • wants a strong executive Presidency • Cabinet Ministers (esp e.g. PM) chosen by President • Ministers cannot be Député & Minister • Article 16 says President can declare state of emergency • President can dissolve Assembly once a year • BUT Assembly can pass vote of censure vs govt • 1962 de Gaulle introduces referendum to make President elected by direct popular vote (M Debré (PM) objects & is sacked) NB France had avoided this since Louis Napoleon in 1852 • De Gaulle threatens to resign if he doesn’t get approval • Is this democratic? What is the nature of the Constitution? • De Gaulle sacks ministers e.g: 1962 he sacks Debré, 1968 Pompidou • He appoints non-députés e.g. Maurice Couve de Murville, Georges Pompidou & Valéry Giscard d’Estaing • But in 1969 he resigns...
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...1. The French and Indian War (world war one) The French and their allied Indian friends fought the British and their colonial partners for control of the land west of the App. Mountains. *Seven Years War Players - France vs. England …. Prussia sided with England…. Prussia was fighting Austria ….. The war was fought in three places, Europe, India, and the Americas Austria, France, Sweden, and Russia were sided together along with the Mughal, Saxony (a small portion of the Holy Roman empire) and Spanish empires - the other side England, Prussia, Portugal, Hanovers, Iroquois Confederation England wins - Treaty of Paris (1763) Spain lost Florida to England France gave Spain portions of Louisiana and a part of the mouth of the Mississippi British got the Caribbean Islands and French lands in the Ohio Valley and lands east of the Miss. River. The French were supposed to move into Canada The war broke England and the King and Parliament needed money (here comes taxes) **keep in mind** Our ancestors in the colonies had larger bodies, we weighed more, our babies lived longer, our people lived longer, we were richer, and we paid fewer taxes, than the people back in England. 2. The Proclamation of 1763 After winning the French and Indian War the British King would not let the Colonials move into the land west of the App. Mountains. We start hating the British! 3. Quartering of Troops The King required the People to provide supplies and housing for British Troops 4. Writs of...
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...HMO vs. NHS HMO (Health Maintenance Organization) and NHS (National Healthcare Service) have been a controversial topic for many years. I watched a movie entitled, “Sicko.” It is a documentary that was written and directed by Michael Moore. The Documentary investigates the American health system and compares it to the National Healthcare Service in many other parts of the world. One of the countries that have socialized medical care sits directly above the United States. It is Canada. The horror stories I heard about the HMO has made me think twice about our health care system. Can we honestly say that we are doing everything we can to ensure all Americans (from the bottom of the totem pole to the very top) get the quality medical treatment they deserve? This movie has inspired me to compare the two and venture into the world of politics; a topic many individuals would astray from. All my information and resources are congregated from this very movie. HMO Approximately 250 million Americans have Medical Insurance. There are about 50 million Americans who do not have the luxury of being medically insured. 18,000 Americans will die of no insurance this very year. These are numbers that are hard to fathomed; even harder to grasp as only a statistic. These are not just numbers; they are actual Americans who have been wronged by our very own health care system, and died as a result. Let’s start from the beginning. How did the HMO start in the United States? Who were the “brains”...
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...SOCI 1000 – TOPIC 1 – IDEOLOGY AND HISTORY Mark sagoff p.1 very important * He talks about citizen preferences vs. consumer preferences Video – documentary about the population growth over the centuries * 0001AD - 2030 * Golden age of India 300 ad begun from this period * Colonial America 1300 - 1600 AD * www.stevelarson.org * In 1830 the population of a billion reached the first time * Industrial revolution – 1850 AD * 1975 – the population was 4 billion!! * 6 billion in year 2000!! * 5 major early disciples/branches of social science 1. Anthropology – interested in culture 2. Economics – interested in self (utility, max. satisfaction) 3. Psychology – interested in self (mental health and behaviour) 4. Sociology – interested in society 5. Political science – interested in society * Social science explores the three variables – “self, culture and society” 1. Ways of seeing * 1960, Daniel Bell was one of the three most important American sociologists * Wrote a book called The end of Ideology * After world war 2, new countries were forming in Africa and Europe and the concept of ideology was formed then * The behaviorist revolution was invented * There were not a lot of departments of economics or social science before WW2, but for political economy there were departments * Bell’s book was about political modernization * Economic development is about creating a self developed free economy ...
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...Welcome London | 2 November 2012 Heineken NV What’s Brewing Seminar Delivering Sustainable Top-line Growth Alexis Nasard Chief Commercial Officer and Member of the Executive Committee London | 2 November 2012 Heineken NV Disclaimer This presentation contains forward-looking statements with regard to the financial position and results of HEINEKEN’s activities. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements. Many of these risks and uncertainties relate to factors that are beyond HEINEKEN’s ability to control or estimate precisely, such as future market and economic conditions, the behaviour of other market participants, changes in consumer preferences, the ability to successfully integrate acquired businesses and achieve anticipated synergies, costs of raw materials, interest rate - and foreign exchange fluctuations, change in tax rates, changes in law, changes in pension costs, the actions of government regulators and weather conditions. These and other risk factors are detailed in HEINEKEN’s publicly filed annual reports. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this presentation. HEINEKEN does not undertake any obligation to publicly release any revisions to these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after...
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...future growth expectations (higher than an estimated 69% for WMT) - global apparel chain; buyer driven global chain - branded marketers and manufacturers served as brokers in linking overseas factories with markets - production; very fragmented (individual apparel firms on avg employed a few dozen ppl) - about 30% of apparel production was exported (developing countries had very large share, nearly 50% of all exports)...cheaper labor + inputs - proximity also important bc it reduced shipping costs - china was export powerhouse but greater regionalization in 90s led turkey, north africa, eastern euro countries to be major suppliers to US - MFA (multi fiber arrangement) regulated apparel and textile industry (restricted imports of US, canada, west europe since 1974); agreement to phase out quota system by 2005 and further reduce tariffs (avg 7-9% in major markets) - cross border intermediation; trading co's played primary role in orchestrating physical flows of apparel btwn exporters and importers - retail; large retail played leading role in promoting QR (quick response); targeted at improving coordination between retailing and manufacturing (increase speed and flexibility of responses to market shifts) - QR led to significant compression of cycle times enabled by improvements in IT - markets and customers; in 2000 spending on retail clothing roughly eur900bln worldwide; europe (west) 34%, US 29%, asia 23% - mckinsey identified 5 ways for retailers to expand across borders:...
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...13 Influencing Factors of Health Care Expenditure: Opportunities to Improve Canada’s Statistics Globally, the number of variations that contribute to the government’s financial contribution to the health care system is great and ever changing. The amount of money spent on health expenditures varies as well, and is specific to each country. In countries with a high income, such as the United States and France, the per capita health expenditure averages over 3,000 USD, while in countries that are considered resource poor, such as Israel and Mexico, the average per capita amount is only 30 USD. (Ke, Saksena, & Holly, 2011). Wide variations in health expenditure are also specific to each country’s economic development. Less resourceful countries have been noted to only spend less than 3% of GDP on health, while other, more economically developed countries spend more than 12% of GDP on health. (Ke et al.,2011). The growth of health expenditures in OECD countries is supported by extensive literature. This paper will give specific data related to two specific OECD countries, Canada and Sweden. Trends in health statistics will be analyzed, as well as contributing factors to both the rise and fall of health expenses. This paper examines and compares the health expenditure statistics, contributing variants and their...
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...its’ main area of focus in the development of software support systems. Throughout the Internet Bubble bust, they were able to survive through their focus on key competencies and building relationships with key clients. Due to this they are now a successful company with offices in the major cities across the US. However, their international operations have remained small, with subsidiaries only in Canada, France, and a recent venture in Australia. These international offices have all been initiated due to following current US clients. VP of Operations, Jessica Kellaway and HR Director, Steve Hegworth are perplexed by a salary problem and are meeting to discuss the following issue: Pierre Lecruet, who had previously been Managing Director at the France location, had been moved into the same position, but in the new Australia office. During a previous performance appraisal, Pierre had noted that his job in France had lost the challenge and that there was no-where else for him to go within the French operation. The decision for him to move to Australia to repeat his success from France seemed to be a mutual one, but now 6-7 months into the position, Pierre seems overly focused on his compensation package rather than the job. Pierre, knowing if he performed well in the Australian initiative that he would be moved to a top management spot in the US, agreed to take the position eagerly from the business perspective. Yet it was not such an easy decision to make on the personal side...
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