...C&S Wholesale Grocers (C&S 식료품 도매업체) : Self-Managed Team 자율 경영관리 팀 1988년 10월 오후, 70년 전통을 갖고 있는 창고저장업(warehousing) 및 유통업체인, C&S Wholesale Grocer의 사장 겸 CEO, Rick Cohen은 400,000 평방피트 (7개의 축구장 보다 조금 작은 정도 크기)가 넘는 창고시설과 함께 눈길을 돌리게 했다. 1988년 초, 뉴잉글랜드 전역의 A&P (미국 수퍼마켓?) 스토어에 메인 도매업체로 계약을 했을 때가 , 지금까지의 가장 큰 단독 어카운트의 계약을 시작하게 된 것이다. 이 새로운 비즈니스의 움직임은 450Million$에서 650M$로의 매출 성장을 일으켰다. 그러나 그 다음해에 Rick과 임원진들은 현재의 고객사들에게 서비스를 제공하는 동시에, 이 대형 식료품 스토어업체의 요구를 수용해 가면서 일을 해야 하는 어려움이 있었다. 홀리데이시즌이 지나고, C&S는 11월초에 새로운 A&P 고객사로 부터 들어오는 시즌 오더를 받아야 했다. Rick은 현재의 운영방식으로 모든 고객사의 니즈를 맞춰줄 수 있을지, 그리고 뉴잉글랜드 전역의 명성에 맞게 높은 수준의 고객만족을 유지할 수 있을 지 걱정이 되었다. 그는 무언가 그의 운영방식의 생산성을 높일 수 있는 것이 있을 지 궁금했다. Rick은 최근 자율경영관리 팀이라는 비교적 새로운 컨셉에 대한 기사를 읽었다. 자율경영관리 팀은 성공적인 비즈니스 시작 기틀을 세움에 있어, 조직의 우수성, 생산성과 경쟁력을 높이는 데 어느 정도 신뢰가 있다는 것이다. 이 컨셉의 배경은 직원들의 업무, 감독 및 그들의 성과평가의 역할을 팀들의 책임으로 바꾸면서, 관리(매니지먼트)의 단계를 줄이는 것이다. 그리고 문제 해결이나, 변화된 업무조건에 대한 적응을 위하여, 그들의 업무를 수행하는 방법을 맞춰가게 하는 것이다. Rick은 이 컨셉이, 노동이 많이 요하는 창고에서의 근무환경에서도 실행이 될 수 있을 지 궁금했다. 회사의 창립자 Rick 의 할아버지 Israel Cohen으로 거슬로 올라가서 부터, C&S는 운영체제의 혁신의 긴 히스토리를 가지고 있다. 그러한 긴 히스토리에도 불구 하고, Rick은 중대한 운영체제의 변화가 될 수 있는 이 컨셉을 추진하는 적시가 될 수 있을 지, 만약 그렇다면 어떻게 그렇게 운영이 될 수 있을 지가 궁금했다. The Wholesale Grocery Industry (식료품 도매업체 산업) 식료품 도매산업은 노동을 많이 요하는 (노동집약적)산업 이며, 물류가 주가 되는 비지니스 이다. 도매업체들은 수퍼마켓 분야의 가치체인구조에서 제조업자와 유통업자의 중간(샌드위치)의 역할을 한다. 도매업체들은 무수히 많은 제조업자 들로부터 제품을 구매하고 받아서, 창고에 보관한다. 그리고 소매업자(유통업체)에 판매하고, 계속되는 보급 절차에 따라 소매업자들에게 상품을 유통했다. 상품의...
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...C&S Wholesale Grocers: Self-Managed Teams HBS Case Study, 9-404-025 Introduction The case of C&S Wholesale Grocers: Self-Managed Teams is about when and how to make a major organizational change. Rick Cohen, CEO of C&S Wholesale Grocers, has to make a decision in a few days about whether to keep the current organizational structure, which is already stretched to the limit, or to explore an alternate structure, self-managed teams, that could improve workflow and morale. This is a challenging decision since the new structure could help manage the increased workload better during the upcoming holidays but there is some risk that starting a new system could make things worse especially in the short term. If the decision is to go forward with self-managed teams, Cohen wonders whether to launch teams with one shift, to only have experienced people on the teams, and whether the teams should be cross functional. Alternatively, it might be better to wait until the beginning of the next year to begin a full-scale experiment with teams. What could be done to hold it together during the increased workload of the holidays? Diagnosis Rick Cohen is CEO for C&S Wholesale Grocers, a warehousing and distribution company. This is a particularly challenging decision for Cohen because some things are pushing him toward making a change and some common sense and wisdom is holding him back, at least somewhat; he also does not have much time to take some action which is more critical every...
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...The Screwtape Letters Approach Paper I. The Screwtape Letters by C.S Lewis is filled Lewis’ classic satirist style of writing. Lewis uses The Screwtape Letters to contrast his Christian views with a Non-Christian outlook, thus requires those who read the marvelous book to dig deep into our inner most thoughts and realize the true power of the Devil. The two main characters in the book are Uncle Screwtape and Wormwood, Screwtape’s nephew. Throughout the book Screwtape tries to twist Wormwood thinking with the demonic thoughts; such as if one was to win an award instead of being happy about yourself, one will become prideful and boastful. II. Uncle Screwtape: Manipulative, Twisted, Persistent Wormwood: Naïve, Mute, Student III. 1. Why does Screwtape see a relationship with God so “unfathomable?” 2. What are Screwtape’s views on war and why does he appreciate war and fear it at the same time? 3. How does the relationship of Wormwood and Screwtape change throughout the book? IV. “Humour is for them the all-consoling and (mark this) the all-excusing, grace of life. Hence, it is invaluable as a means of destroying shame. If a man simply lets others pay for him, he is 'mean,' but if he boasts of it in a jocular manner and twits his fellows with having been scored off, he is no longer 'mean' but a comical fellow. Mere cowardice is shameful; cowardice boasted of with humourous exaggerations and grotesque gestures can be passed off as funny. Cruelty is shameful --...
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...Charles Dickens * Charles Dickens was born in Portsmouth on the 7th of February 1812. * Charles died of a stroke while having dinner with his daughter. * Dickens had a sad and poor childhood, which his books reflect. He intended to improve the lives of the poor by writing of their hardships. * Charles' parents were John and Elizabeth Dickens. “Reflect upon your present blessings of which every man has many - not on your past misfortunes, of which all men have some.” Arthur Conan – Doyle * He was married twice, and his first wife died of tuberculosis. - Conan Doyle's middle name is Ignatius. * The character of Sherlock Holmes is largely based upon one of Conan Doyle's lecturers at the University of Edinburgh named Joseph Bell. * He tried his own hand as a detective most notably in the cases of George Edalji and Oscar Slater. “Once you eliminate the impossible, whatever remains, no matter how improbable, must be the truth.” Emily Brontë * On December 19, 1848, Emily Brontë died of tuberculosis * She was the only one of the Brontë children to be given a middle name. * Emily worked as a governess and a schoolteacher. * Emily went to a school for clergymen’s kids when she was six with her three older sisters. However the two oldest died due to the harsh conditions at the “school”. “If he loved you with all the power of his soul for a whole time, he couldn’t love you as much I do in a single...
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...The story is written by the famous C.S Lewis, who is a well-known British novelist, born in Belfast in 1898 and he passed away in Oxford 1963. C.S. Lewis is not just known for his novels but also for his Christian essayistic, which was a literary theory. One of the main themes in the story, in my opinion, is courage because I believe Lucy is a symbol for that. Even though she is the smallest of the kids she is the one that chooses to go through the wardrobe for the first time. I’m quite sure that I wouldn’t have the guts to try walking through the wardrobe if I ever had the chance. And that kind of courage is also something that characterizes Aslan – he is Narnia’s savior and if he is supposed to be that, he also needs to be courageous. I guess that Lucy is about 7-10 years old, because of how she acts. We also know that she is the youngest of the siblings, whom we see on page 24 line 22: “Who was the youngest”. On page 27 line 33, it says: “He was only a little taller than Lucy herself”, and I interpret that to mean that Lucy isn’t very tall. As told before I think that Lucy is very courageous, but she also has a kid’s innocence. Lucy is a bit afraid of the professor in the start, because of his odd look, and I guess that it’s not just the professors look that frightens her, but also the fact that she has been sent away from her beloved mother because of the war. Lucy also seems to be a bit of a conflict-averse which we see on page 24 line 38: “Hadn’t we all better go to...
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...The Value of Literature Literature can be used to place value on a wide span of topics. From books that may break our hearts to one’s that make us laugh uncontrollably. Even though literature is only written in words, it is our imagination that makes those words come to reality, by the way we see the words in our imaginations. Whatever literature that is read, it is in the perspective of the author and you are reading through the lens of the writer. Philip Marchand said “Not to understand the disposition of things is the fate of children or slaves. Imaginative literature is the race's best tool for acquiring such understanding. This is the childishness and slavishness in the soul of someone who cannot respond to great literature.” Marchand talks about how our imagination is one of the most important tools that an individual can have. Ultimately, with the way literature uses up the creativity side of the brain, it truly helps expand our imagination. From a very young age, many of us were introduced to books with big pictures and little words. These simple little books were meant to teach us the names of colours, the alphabet and what noise animals made. While continuing to grow older, individuals starts to explore more genres of literature to find what they enjoy. For example, in the last couple years of high school, I have really gotten into the horror/mystery genres of book which is the reason I chose The Shining as my ISU novel. The fact that I had read The Shining before...
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...System Analysis Design for a Library System CS200 Fundamentals of Information Technology Module 1 Assignment 2 System Analysis Design for a Library System Suppose you are helping to develop a library system for your community. Here is a brief description of various scenarios using this library system. • Bob wanted to become a member at his local library. He went in and filled out an application form with his name, address, phone number, and driver's license number and gave it to the librarian, Alice. Alice logged into the system with her id and created a new membership for Bob. She then provided Bob with his new library card, and a login and password to his account. • Bob wanted to borrow two novels by C.S. Lewis, but he couldn’t remember their names. He used one of the computers at the library to search for the books by using the author's name. He found the titles he wanted, which were “The Chronicles of Narnia” and "The Space Trilogy". The first book was shown as available, and the second book was shown as out on loan. • Using his new login and password, Bob logged into his account and requested the book "The Space Trilogy" in order to recall it, so that when the book was returned it would be held for him at the library. • Bob then went to the stacks and found the book "The Chronicles of Narnia" on the shelf, and waited in line at the desk to check it out. He presented his ID card, and checked out the book with the librarian. • Before leaving the library...
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... VISITING NARNIA Narnia is the magical land C.S. Lewis conjured up for millions to visit and enjoy imagination filled adventures. The reason Narnia is popular is because it’s relatable. There are many similarities between our world and the world of Narnia. Both contain a God who is good and loving and cares for His people. Both worlds were created, evil and suffering exist amongst them, and each records historical and important events. Perhaps the most obvious likeness these worlds possess is having a God. What is the God of Narnia like? In Narnia God is represented by a powerful lion named Aslan. Aslan, much like the true God, is a creator; he creates Narnia and deems it good. Comparisons between Aslan and God are endless, for instance, both are personal and actively involved in each individual’s life. Each are eternal, perfect, holy, omnipotent, and omniscienct, to name a few, but if I continue I’m afraid we would be here for quite a while so we must move on to what Narnia is like. What is the nature of the Narnian world? Again, similar to our world, the world of Narnia was created perfect, good, and innocent. It was later that evil entered the world by the act of a human. However, contrary to our world, Narnia is overflowing with magic, and not only magic but magical beings such as fauns, giants, talking horses, talking trees, and,well, you get the idea. The list goes on and...
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...makings that Narnia would later come to existence. As an adolescent, C.S Lewis was sent from his native Northern Ireland to England in order to study at various boarding schools. Separated from his father and brother, Lewis delved deeper into the imaginary worlds of English, Celtic, and Norse mythology. He began reading and falling in love with the ancient lures of Northern Europe, which were first introduced to him in his early childhood. Christianity Today writer Chris Armstrong interviewed biographer Colin Duriez in an article titled J. R. R. Tolkien and C. S. Lewis: A Legendary Friendship, and according to Duriez, “Lewis had also heard Celtic myths—his nurse had told him some of the folk tales of Ireland” (Duriez). It was also during this time that C.S Lewis became estranged from the Christianity of his parents, to the point of becoming an atheist, rejecting all religion. In an essay titled Surprised by Joy by C. S. Lewis: A Critical Summary and Overview found in the website Into the Wardrobe- A C.S Lewis Website, Dr. Bruce L. Edwards writes that “Lewis would experiment with adolescent atheism, various Eastern beliefs, and the ‘Absolute’ of Aristotelian ethics on his way to the Trinitarian God proclaimed by Christianity”(Edwards). Lewis found found much truth and reasoning in Greek philosophy, which formed much of his great thinking and ideas. Studying Greek philosophy and “Socratic dialogue” made Lewis an incredible debater, which would later on prove useful in his works...
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...C. S. Lewis, or "Jack", as he was known to friends and family, was born Clive Staples Lewis on November 29, 1898, in Belfast, Ireland. His father, Albert Lewis, was a successful lawyer. Albert and Flora Lewis brought up their two sons in a Protestant household. Warren was Lewis's older brother, and the two were very close. The family home was affectionately nicknamed "Little Lea", and was a treasure trove of books in which Lewis' imagination blossomed. The stability and happiness of Lewis's childhood, however, was shattered by his mother's death in 1908 from abdominal cancer. Lewis was nine years old at the time. The death of Lewis's mother proved incredibly influential on the development of the writer's commitment to Christianity. Just prior to her death, Flora gave each of her sons a parting gift: a Bible, inscribed with a message of her love. Lewis, however, reacted to the gift with anger and grief, and became an atheist. In 1914, at the age of 16, he moved to southern England and came under the tutelage of William T. Kirkpatrick. Kirkpatrick was a former headmaster, a rationalist, and a humanist; in Kirkpatrick, Lewis found a tutor and role model, and learned to discipline himself in writing and reason. Lewis was admitted to University College at Oxford, and in 1917 he volunteered for active combat in France. He returned to his studies in 1919. Lewis ultimately graduated with top honors in literature, philosophy, and history. He was subsequently elected to the prestigious...
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...Robin Hobb’s Assassin’s Apprentice and The Hobbit by J. R. R. Tolkien clearly conform to the conventions of the fantasy genre in a number of ways. The main elements of fantasy are discussed in relation to the two texts, with examples provided. This essay will discuss several of the core characteristics of fantasy literature, including the concepts of magic, otherworlds, good vs. evil, heroism, special character types and talking animals. These characteristics of literature are all identified in the two texts, Assassin’s Apprentice by Hobb and The Hobbit by J. R. R. Tolkien. Fantasy, as a genre of literature, is a story or series of stories, which exhibits certain definable elements that make the plot unreal and challenge the reader to suspend disbelief. There are many of these unreal elements, which feature in the fantasy genre. These unreal elements vary from mythical beasts roaming an imagined world to Earth-like natural settings in which animals take on human characteristics. There are also clearly recognizable conventions of fantasy, such as toys coming to life, miniature humans, magical powers, and time-warp stories. A fantasy novel would usually encompass more than one of these unreal elements. However, a fantasy story needs to possess only one of these unreal features in order to be classified as a part of the fantasy genre. Put simply, a fantasy story is one with at least one element that cannot be found in the human world. Magic is the most basic element of fantasy;...
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...Causes Humans to Suffer? 2 Pain is Inevitable 2 Humans Seek Personal Pleasure 3 Why Does God Allow Bad Things to Happen? 4 Free Will 4 God’s Authentic Love 5 The Purpose for Suffering 6 Draws Man to God 6 Repentance 7 Conclusion 9 Bibliography 10 Pain and Suffering in the Christian Experience There are numerous schools of thought in regards to why humans suffer. Christians question why a loving God allows bad things happen to His people. They wonder how sufferings in the life of a Christian can possibly build faith. These ideas will be explored through the life and works of theologian and scholar, C. S. Lewis. Answers will be sought through the examination of Lewis’s personal experiences, his theological studies and his fictional writings. This paper will prove that human pain and suffering is essential in the Christian experience by examining the reasons human suffer, why God does not intervene to prevent suffering, and how pain and suffering might build faith and draw people closer to God. The reality that Christians, who devote their lives to God suffer, is a source of angst for many. As humans develop, they assimilate every experience and thought they have had into the way they view and interpret the world around them. Every person in this world experiences pain and suffering at different levels including physical, emotional and...
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...C.S. Lewis’ life influenced his writing in many ways, whether it was through his beliefs, emotions, or different moments in his life. Beginning when his mother passed away from having Cancer his journey started in trying to figure out what he believed. Early on he was an atheist because he, like many people, couldn't understand how God would be so impatient and cruel. When he was 18, he enlisted in the British army during WWI, made a close friend named Paddy during the war, but Paddy was killed in battle. During his life, he went through many many sad times, this affected his writing in the books “The Problem of Pain” and “A Grief Observed”. He spoke about the feelings of resentfulness, depression, and relationships he had. He had a very...
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...Sonia Del Hierro Ethics 10/29/2012 The Screwtape Letters C.S. Lewis’s novel is about a man who finds happiness and meaning in life through Christianity, and, in the end, gains salvation and the presence of God upon his soul. And yet, Lewis tells this story as if it ends terribly and only gets worse from the beginning. Screwtape, a wise, elder demon corresponds, in thirty-one letters, with his young apprentice nephew, Wormwood; he gives him advice about how to go about stealing the soul of a British man from his first conversion to his redemption. Lewis raises major ethical points by fleshing out the mistakes and every day succumbing to sin of Christians. Lewis gives more than a few examples of this ordinary everyday Christian man giving into the temptation of sin, without even knowing it; thus, giving an extremely real insight to the reader’s own life and the decisions they, themselves, make. From judging people based off looks in his second letter to praying in his third letter to worrying about the future in his fifteenth letter, Screwtape endorses the very things the reader recognizes in his or her own actions in a scary, ‘is-there-a-demon-behind-me’ kind of way. Lewis points out major flaws in the Church on several different occasions, but one in which the “Church of England might have become a positive hotbed of charity and humility” (85) had it not been for the demons’ relentless labor to oppose such outcomes. Screwtape tells Wormwood that if he cannot keep his...
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...The Time Of Narnia Sam Duncan . C.S. Lewis had a very happy and carefree childhood. Thankfully, his only little problem was people persistantly called him C.S. Lewis but he really wanted to be called Jack. He lived in a huge house in the town of Belfast, which is in Ireland. Jack and his older brother Warren spent their time romping around in their beautiful garden outside the house. When they were not out, Jack was in the library happily reading. This might not have been as happy and carefree to most people, but Jack loved it. Even though Jack had a happy childhood, his happiness came to an end. Tragiclly, his mother sadly passed away after being very ill in 1908. As if that was not bad enough, Jack and Warren had to go away to boarding school in England only a month after their mother's death. Jack hated this school because all of...
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