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Capital Bugeting

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“Quality at the Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company”

Case Summary
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Ritz-Carlton Hotels, California, USA

Short Description of The Case

Company History
Ritz Carlton merupakan merek sebuah hotel mewah yang saat ini mempunyai 71 properti di kota-kota besar di 23 negara. Ritz Carlton juga mempunyai lembaga pelatihan dan pusat kepemimpinan yang dibuat oleh pimpinan Ritz Carlton, Leonardo Inghilleri. Lembaga ini telah melatih sedikitnya 50 ribu perusahaan di seluruh dunia.

Sejarahnya, nama Ritz Carlton merupakan gabungan dari dua nama hotel yang berbeda. Yaitu, hotel Ritz di Paris yang berdiri pada tahun 1898 dan Hotel Carlton di London. Dua hotel ini dikelola oleh seorang legendaris pengusaha hotel, Cesar Ritz.

Kemudian nama Ritz Carlton menjadi acuan beberapa hotel lain yang kian bermunculan. Antara lain, Ritz Carlton Montreal yang berdiri pada tahun 1912 dan Ritz Carlton Boston pada tahun 1927. RC Boston ini kemudian berkembang sebagai komunitas kelas tinggi. Pada tahun 1983, hotel ini memulai jaringan hotel dunia yang dipimpin oleh pengelola hotel bernama Horst Schulze dan William B Johnson. Beberapa hotel Ritz Carlton dibangun di Amerika pada dekade kedua dan ketiga abad 20, termasuk salah satunya di New York pada tahun 1917 dan Boston pada tahun 1927.

Perusahaan Ritz Carlton saat ini seluruh sahamnya dimiliki Marriott Internasional. Perusahaan hotel Ritz Carlton saat ini kurang lebih mempunyai 38 ribu pegawai. Pusat pengelolaan Ritz Carlton berada di Chevy Chase, Maryland, Washington Amerika Serikat.

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The Ritz-Carlton, Washington, D.C.

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The Ritz-Carlton, Bali – Indonesia

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The Ritz-Carlton, Moscow

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The Ritz-Carlton Golf & Spa Resort, Rose Hall, Jamaica

Service Culture Ritz Carlton merupakan hotel yang sejak dulu hingga sekarang reputasinya masih tetap dikagumi di seluruh dunia. Service culture yang luar biasa dari hotel tersebut menjadi keunggulan yang utama dari para pesaingnya. Ritz Carlton merupakan perusahaan jasa Amerika satu-satunya yang memperoleh Malcolm Baldridge National Quality Award sebanyak dua kali, kemudian terakhir menempati posisi 5 dalam Customer Service Champs versi BusinessWeek.

Apa yang menjadi kunci utama dari service culture di Ritz Carlton? • Lineup Meeting 15 Menit Tiap Hari Kunci utama dari service culture `Ritz Carlton` ada pada lineup meeting yang dilakukan di tiap hotel Ritz Carlton di seluruh dunia. Ritz Carlton mengadakan pertemuan singkat tiap pagi sekitar 15 menit, dimana seluruh karyawan memulai shift dengan mendengarkan berbagai corporate value seperti `Gold Standard`, credo, service value, dan sejumlah nilai lainnya yang intinya menekankan service culture pada Ritz Carlton. Dengan nilai-nilai yang ditanamkan setiap hari kepada karyawan, maka tidak heran jika service culture sudah terpatri pada diri seluruh karyawan disana. Selain itu, meeting pagi hari ini juga berfungsi untuk menginformasikan tentang produk atau jasa yang akan diluncurkan Ritz Carlton, hingga mengkomunikasikan breaking news di hari tersebut. Contohnya adalah ketika badai Katrina menghunjam Gulf Coast pada tahun 2005, mereka berhasil untuk mengkomunikasikan 38,000 karyawannya hanya dalam kurun waktu 24 jam mengenai apa yang terjadi pada cabang di New Orleans, sehinga kemudian mereka dapat berdiskusi mengenai bantuan apa yang akan diberikan. Lineup meeting ini dilakukan di seluruh cabang Ritz Carlton di seluruh dunia, tanpa terkecuali. Jadi, sudah menjadi budaya yang mengakar di hotel tersebut.

• Empowerment & Personalized Service Komponen penting lainnya dalam service culture milik Ritz Carlton adalah empowerment, dimana karyawan punya keterlibatan yang tinggi terhadap service level yang diberikan kepada pelanggan. Dalam meeting singkat yang dilakukan tiap pagi, karyawan terkadang dimintai pendapatnya mengenai ide-ide inovatif terkait dengan pelayanan. Misalnya, seorang karyawan di Asia yang memberi ide tentang mekanisme yang memungkinkan tamu untuk memilih program televisinya, sehingga mereka dapat menonton acara yang mereka sukai. Yang hebatnya lagi, tiap karyawan di Ritz Carlton berhak untuk mengambil keputusan terkait dengan layanan, dan disediakan anggaran tersendiri. Di AS, tiap karyawan diberikan anggaran mencapai $2,000 per tamu pada tiap kunjungannya. Anggaran ini dapat digunakan oleh karyawan tanpa perlu persetujuan dari manajer. Intinya, tiap karyawan dapat turut menciptakan pengalaman yang berkesan dan personalized bagi pelanggan. Anggaran tersebut digunakan tidak hanya untuk melakukan `recovery` ketika terjadi masalah dalam pelayanan, melainkan juga untuk memberikan pengalaman yang mengesankan dan tak terlupakan pada pelanggan. Misalnya, ketika seorang tamu ulang tahun, kemudian ia mendapatkan hadiah kue ulang tahun dan champagne dari hotel. Atau seorang pelayan yang mendengar bahwa tamunya tidak bisa membawa istrinya yang memakai kursi roda ke pantai. Pelayan menyampaikan ke pihak maintenance, dan esok harinya sudah ada jalanan terbuat dari kayu menuju pantai dan ada sebuah tenda yang disediakan untuk makan malam mereka. Contoh-contoh ini cukup mewakili bagaimana karyawan punya kontribusi besar dalam menentukan level service kepada pelanggan.
Dalam pelayanannya, terdapat 3 standar yang menjadi prinsip pelayanan dari Ritz Carlton: 1. ucapan selamat datang yang hangat dan tulus, dengan menyebutkan nama tamu; 2. mengantisipasi dan memenuhi kebutuhan tiap tamu; 3. salam perpisahan yang juga hangat, dengan menyebutkan nama tamu. Siapa tamu yang tidak terkesan jika tiap karyawan bersikap ramah dan hafal dengan namanya setiap kali bertemu?

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Ritz-Carlton Chicago’s services room.

Answer the Case Problem I. Bagamana cara Ritz Carlton memonitor kesuksesannya dalam pencapaian kualitas? 1. Customer Engagement Berdasarkan survei Most Engaged Customers (MEC) study di tahun 2010 menunjukkan bahwa 80% dari customer Ritz Carlton terlibat (engaged). Artinya bahwa 80% dari customer mereka setuju atau bahkan sangat setuju pada hal berikut ini : - Customer akan kembali ke Ritz Carlton - Customer akan dengan senang hati melakukan bisnis dengan Ritz Carlton - Customer akan merekomendasikan Ritz Carlton ke teman - Customer akan merasakan cinta terhadap merek dari Ritz Carlton

2. Audit Dalam proses pelaksanaan pemeriksaan intern, staf auditor internal memerlukan norma pemeriksaan intern sebagai pedoman yang digunakan dalam menjalankan tugasnya. IIA dalam Boynton and Kell (1996) telah menetapkan standar-standar praktik pemeriksaan yang mengikat anggota anggotanya. Terdapat lima standar umum praktik pemeriksaan yang meliputi : • masalah-masalah independensi, • keahlian profesional, • lingkup kerja pemeriksaan, • pelaksanaan pekerjaan pemeriksaan, • pengelolaan bagian pemeriksaan intern. Norma pemeriksaan intern tersebut merupakan indikator yang menentukan kualitas jasa auditor internal dalam melaksanakan praktik pemeriksaan. Semakin lengkap indikator tersebut dipatuhi oleh auditor internal, maka semakin bermutu pula praktik pemeriksaan yang dilakukan

3. Gugus Kendali Mutu (GKM)

GKM adalah suatu sistem dalam manajemen usaha yang ditujukan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi, produktivitas, dan mutu produksi, dalam rangka meningkatkan daya saing produk yang dihasilkan. Tujuan GKM adalah untuk mendayagunakan seluruh aset yang dimiliki perusahaan / instansi terutama sumber daya manusianya secara lebih baik, guna meningkatkan mutu dalam arti luas.

4. Tingkat Occupancy

Merupakan suatu keadaan sejauh mana jumlah kamar hotel terjual dibandingkan dengan total kamar yang mampu dijual. Pengertian rasio occupancy merupakan tolok ukur keberhasilan hotel dalam menjual produk utamanya yaitu kamar. Ritz Carlton mengumpulkan data – data dari room division dan kemudian menghitung occupancy ratios, sementara front office manager menganalisis informasi ini untuk mengidentifikasi trend (sesuatu yang secara terus menerus cenderung berlangsung), pattern (pola kadatangan tamu), dan problems (masalah – masalah yang terjadi).

5. Training Pelatihan : Pelatihan dilakukan untuk mempersiapkan peserta latihan untuk mengambil jalur tindakan tertentu yang dilukiskan oleh teknologi dan organisasi tempat bekerja, dan membantu peserta memperbaiki prestasi dalam kegiatannya terutama mengenai pengertian dan keterampilan. Point penting dalam siklus Training untuk karyawan adalah:

Introduction To Training • Melakukan penilaian dan pembedaan antara pelatihan dan pembelajaran • Mengidentifikasi bagaimana cara orang dewasa belajar dengan baik • Memilih model pelatihan untuk agar tingkat pelatihan meningkat • Melakukan persiapan agar training berjalan lancar

Analyzing Training Needs • Spesifikasi kinerja pekerja dan dasar training • Menentukan standar dan menetapkan benchmark • Mengukur tingkat kesenjangan kinerja • Mempersiapkan tujuan instruksional

Merancang Program Pelatihan • Merumuskan rencana pelajaran • Memilih strategi pengajaran dan sumber daya. • Menentukan fasilitator / peserta didik. • Menghitung waktu dan mengintegrasikan intervensi pengalaman. • Perencanaan alat bantu pekerjaan dan mekanisme penguatan

Mengembangkan Sumber Daya Pelatihan • Mengevaluasi dan memodifikasi solusi pelatihan • Membuat alat pendukung pelatihan menjadi efektiv • Interaksi dengan lima panca indra

Melaksanakan Aktivitas Pelatihan • Membangung ketertarikan antar peserta • Memfasilitasi pembelajaran dan informasi

II. Banyak perusahaan mengatakan bahwa tujuan mereka adalah menyediakan produk dan layanan yang berkualitas. Tindakan apa saja yang diharapkan dari perusahaan yang menjadikan kualitas bukan sebuah slogan atau buzzword? Banyak perusahaan yang mempunyai tujuan memberikan pelayanan/produk yang berkualitas. Namun banyak juga yang menjadikannya hanya sebagai slogan semata. Namun berbeda halnya dengan Ritz Carlton Hotel, dimana Service culture yang luar biasa dari hotel tersebut menjadi keunggulan yang utama dari para pesaingnya. Contoh penerapannya pada Ritz Carlton adalah diantaranya :

A. Gold Standard, yaitu sebagai elemen dasar dari Ritz Carlton Hotel Company. Gold Standard tersebut mencakup nilai-nilai dan filosopi yang harus dijalankan dalam operasional perusahaan yang meliputi :

1. The Credo [pic]

2. The Motto [pic]

3. The Three Steps of Service ● Give a warm and sincere welcome. ● Provide the quality of service demanded by your guests. ● Being expressed appreciation to the customers and say to the customers "Thank you for your business, sir. I hope you will come back and stay with us again."

4. 20 Basics

5. The Employee Promises

[pic] B. Inisiatif dari organisasi untuk menempatkan pelanggan sebagai prioritas utama, membuat inisiatif untuk meningkatkan kesetiaan pelanggan dan membuat pelanggan menjadi duta bagi brand kita. Yaitu dengan menciptakan pengalaman yang unik dan berkesan bagi tamu sehingga tamu akan setia dan menceritakan pengalamanya kepada orang lain sehingga semakin banyak tamu yang dating berkunjung

III. Mengapa menjadi sangat berisiko bila Ritz Carlton tidak melakukan hal yang seharusnya pada kesempatan pertama? Kunjungan pertama tamu ke sebuah hotel menjadi hal yang penting dalam menentukan apakah tamu tersebut akan berkunjung lagi atau tidak, terutama bagi sebuah brand seperti Ritz Carlton yang sudah dikenal unggul dalam kualitas, sedikit defect dapat menghancurkan reputasi, dan akan langsung menarik perhatian media untuk mengekspos hal tersebut. Selain itu, jika Ritz Carlton melakukan sesuatu hal yang berkualitas tinggi di awal, maka Ritz akan banyak melakukan penghematan pada biaya-biaya yang berhubungan dengan kualitas, yaitu Prevention Cost, Appraisal Cost, Internal Failures dan External Failures. Prevention Cost adalah biaya yang berkaitan dengan mencegah pelayan yang berkualitas buruk, seperti training karyawan. Appraisal Cost adalah adalah biaya yang berkaitan dengan menentukan tingkat kualitas dan menemukan cacat pada pelayanan. Contohnya adalah audit kualitas, inspeksi terhadap kualitas yang diberikan. Internal failures adalah biaya yang berkaitan dengan menemukan dan menangani masalah dalam kualitas pelayanan yang ditemukan sebelum pelayanan tersebut dirasakan oleh customer. Contohnya adalah pengerjaan ulang makanan yang disajikan untuk customer karena kesalahan koki dalam menggunakan resep masakan. Eksternal Failures adalah biaya yang berkaitan dengan kualitas pelayanan yang buruk yang ditemukan oleh customer. Contohnya adalah kesulitan customer mengakses website Ritz Carlton untuk melakukan reservasi karena ada error/kerusakan pada website. IV. Bagaimana control chart, Pareto, cause and effect diagram dapat digunakan untuk identifikasi problem pada industri perhotelan?

- Control Charts. Dalam industri perhotelan, dapat didefinisikan bahwa hal yang dijadikan ukuran performance mengenai kualitas yaitu dari survey kepuasan pelanggan, banyaknya komplain yang diterima selama tinggal di hotel tersebut, jumlah rekomendasi yang diberikan setelah tamu menginap di hotel, dan lebih lanjut lagi dari hasil penjualan hotel dari waktu ke waktu. Dalam menggunakan control chart, pertama harus ditentukan terlebih dahulu target performance dari masing masing item, ditentukan berapa besar penyimpangan yang masih ditolerir. Setelah itu setiap bulan dilakukan rekapitulasi atas hal yang diukur. Apabila terjadi penyimpangan diluar batas penerimaan, maka hal tersebut dapat diidentifikasi sebagai penurunan kualitas atau ada hal yang menyebabkan tamu tidak berminat menginap di hotel tersebut. Dalam menganalisa hasil control charts, terutama untuk sales pada industri hotel, perlu diperhatikan factor eksternal yang menyebabkan penurunan salses, seperti low season, daerah tersebut baru pulih dari bencana, dan adanya krisis global yang menyebabkan turunnya jumlah pelancong.

- Pareto Diagram. Yaitu suatu diagram yang memetakan jumlah item terbanyak yang menjadi keluhan pelanggan, dan apabila item tersebut diperbaiki maka secara keseluruhan akan menurunkan komplain dan meningkatkan kepuasan pelanggan. Dalam analisa pareto,harus diperoleh data riil mengenai apa saja yang menjadi keluhan pelanggan, dan dapat pula di plot hal yang menjadi ekspektasi tamu, seperti misalnya tersedianya fasilitas spa gratis selama 30 menit dalam paket kamar tertentu. Apabila mayoritas pelanggan menginginkan hal tersebut dibandingkan hal lain seperti tersedianya surat kabar setiap pagi, maka hal menyediakan spa akan diprioritaskan untuk meningkatkan kepuasan.

Sebaliknya apabila banyak tamu yang tidak puas akan pelayanan check in, maka dengan diperbaikinya metode check in, maka secara keseluruhan akan meningkatkan kepuasan tamu

- Cause and effect diagram. Yaitu memetakan root cause terjadinya suatu keluhan atau ketidakpuasan tamu. Dengan cause and effect, dapat diperoleh gambaran jelas mengenai sebab suatu defect dan hal hal yang perl diperhatikan agar hal tersebut tidak teruang lagi. Contoh Cause and Effect dalam industri perhotelan : 1. Equipment : Perlengkapan hotel yang kurang memadai dapat menyebabkan pelanggan enggan untuk kembali lagi. 2. Process : Proses di sini bisa dimaksudkan adalah bagai mana Ritz Carlton melayani customer mulai dari datang membuka pintu Hotel sampau dengan pelanggan check-out dan pulang. 3. People : Sumber daya yang dimiliki Ritz Carlton harus mewakili image hotel sebagai hotel kelas atas. Dan pelayanan yang diberikan setiap pelayan harus sama dan terstandardisasi 4. Environment : Suasanan yang dibangun hotel harus sesuai dengan image dan ekpektasi pelanggan. 5. Management : Peran management dalam membangun Hotel ritz carlton sampai mendunia merupakan hal yang luar biasa yang dapat diraih. Karena kegiatan operasional harus dapat didukung oleh management sebagai pembuat keputusan.

V. Apa saja pengukuran yang bersifat non finansial mengenai kepuasan pelanggan yang dapat diterapkan oleh Ritz Carlton? 1. Awards and Recognitions

• Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award, 1992 • Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award, 1999 • J.D. Power, Customer Satisfaction • AAA Five Diamond Properties • Luxury Institute’s Platinum Seal of Customer Approval • Mobil Five Star Status 2. Traveler review di majalah mengenai traveling

3. Kuesioner terhadap tamu yang menginap

4. Keinginan tamu untuk merekomendasikan hotel terhadap tamu lain

5. Dipilihnya Ritz Carlton sebagai partner dari perusahaan utuk perjalanan dinas atau liburan akhir tahun

6. Menjadi Top of mind pada tamu mengenai hotel yang ada di benak mereka

7. Banyaknya tamu yang berkunjung lagi (frequent guest)

Reference

http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ritz-Carlton

http://corporate.ritzcarlton.com/en/About/

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