...Ethics Essay Assignment One: Case Study Name: Ali Hamlin-Paenga Course: Business Law and Ethics Thics Component Lecturer: James Battye Date: March 28 2015 STATEMENT OF ACADEMIC INTEGRITY I declare that this essay is entirely my own work and that it has not been copied from other peoples work. If the work and ideas of others have been used in this essay, the work has been properly cited in the text. Who Comes First Moral and ethical dilemmas within a business context are common in any workplace and not without challenges. Ethics deals with individual character and the moral rules that govern and limit our conduct. It investigates questions of right and wrong, fairness and unfairness, good and bad duty and obligation, and justice and injustice, as well as moral responsibility and the values that guide us (Shaw, Bradley, Issa, Catley, 2013). Theories and principle’s associated to morality and ethical issues allow us to be able to articulate the complex challenges that may arise. Often these theories are governed by individual values or as Shaw et al. (2013) points out our conscience developed as we internalized the moral instructions of the parents or other authority figures that raised us. This essay will discuss the consequentialist theory of utilitarianism and issues associated to making decisions based on morality. The case study tells us the factory is located in a small town and that it is the only local employer that offers decent wages. The Managing Director...
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...In an effort to balance those wants and the amount of resources available at each point of time, we chose to regroup ourselves in societies and take advantage of our individual abilities to produce and to work together. Throughout human history, a lot of systems were invented to help us manage what mother nature provided to us. When it comes to create such systems, important questions need to be answered: what to produce? How much should we produce? And who is making those decisions. Capitalism is the economic system agreed upon in the United States of America. In the recent discussions of the efficacity of...
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...discussed whether "capitalism benefits everybody". Purpose of this discussion was to analyse the importance of sociological imagination and ethical reasoning for better understanding of business, society and government relationship under capitalism, it was valuable to know each other's opinions, knowledge and understanding on the topic. Sociological imagination can be defined as the social analysis of behaviour and traits of business, society and government that assist us in representing images from our previous experience and knowledge, because of each other's uniqueness it was interesting to discuss about this topic and to get a broader response. After participating in the online discussion I can define capitalism as an economic and political system in which a county's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit rather than by the government. There are both advantages and disadvantages to capitalism in Australia but it truly benefits everyone including the Business sector, Government and Society. Since the economic and political systems are controlled by the private sector to gain profit, it'll encourage the owners and the employees to be efficient and produce quality goods and services. This will increase GDP (Gross Domestic Product) in Australia, and therefore it will also increase the country’s economy which will benefit both the government and the society. As most of us have discussed capitalism definitely benefits the society, because it opens up...
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...Marx argue that capitalism was doomed to collapse? Marx saw capitalism as a progressive historical stage that would eventually stagnate due to internal contradictions and be followed by socialism. Therefore Marx argued that capitalism was doomed. One of Marx’s most powerful ideas was his idea of ‘false consciousness’s’. He believed that everyone in the capitalist society was under false consciousness, meaning that they believed themselves to be free, but in fact the truth was opposite to this. He believed that capitalism actually led to a significant loss of political, democratic and economic power for the vast majority of citizens in the society. He believed that the ‘Power Elite’ took advantage of their position to take money away from hard working citizens to spend it on what they wanted to spend it on all in the name of ‘tax’ and ‘capitalist democracy’, and that capitalism and its evil ways had got the people to think that they are free, when in fact this couldn’t be further from the truth, they are limited excessively by the rules of capitalism and therefore Marx believed that if false consciousness could be destroyed then people would ‘wake up’ and realise the evils of capitalism and socialism would be the answer. Socialists would define capital as a ‘social, economic relation’ between people’, rather than a ‘social, economic relation’ between people and things. In this sense they seek to abolish capital. They believe that because of this fact capitalism generates a huge...
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...Assignment On Capitalism Program: M.com (2)years Smester: 3rd (Evening) TABLE OF CONTENTS · Introduction Of Capitalism. · Capitalism vs Socialism. · Capitalism vs Communism. · Types Of Capitalism. · Advantages Of Capitalism. · Disadvantages Of Capitalism. · Criticism On Capitalism. CAPITALISM An economic system in which investment in and ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange of wealth is made and maintained chiefly by private individuals or corporations, especially as contrasted to cooperatively or state-owned means of wealth. It is easy to forget that capitalism was coined not so long ago, in the mid-19th century, when the Industrial Revolution was in full swing, and individual entrepreneurs were creating new industries and amassing wealth. Terms for the other two major competing economic systems of the past two centuries— socialism and communism—were also coined around the same time. Also, about the same time it became common to designate all such coinages as “isms”: terms formed by adding the suffix -ism to a root word in order to expand its meaning to encompass a related system, theory, or practice. Thus from a fairly old word, capital, the relatively newer word, capitalism, was formed to describe the then emerging economies of the West. On the surface, the meaning of capitalism seems straightforward, referring to an economic system in which private individuals, rather than governments...
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...This report examines interests of each role in social members and evaluates power relations in society, which covers government, corporations and civil society. Research method is covered a literature review which is based on quality academic journal articles, texts and research institutes’ materials. The report clarifies each member’s interaction and its power residents. This power resident and relationship can be reformed through social agenda setting. There is possibility that power-balanced society in capitalism can be diminished through its change into neoliberalism agenda. This is examined through reviewing Japan’s development in last couple of decade. Contents Table 1.0 introduction..............................................................................................3 2.0 Role and power resident.........................................................................3 2.1 The role and power resident of Government.....................................................3 2.2 The role and power resident of Corporations....................................................4 2.3 The role and power resident of Citizens...........................................................5 3.0 An Interaction of Government, Corporations and Citizens…………6 4.0 Character of social context (capitalism, neoliberalism)…………....7 4.1 A power interaction in Capitalism...................................................................7 4.2 A power interaction...
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...This paper is concerned with the relationship between capitalism and demographic trends; with the late twentieth century development of neoliberalism alongside historically low levels of fertility in rich capitalist societies. In particular, I question if and how the shift from postwar, regulated capitalism to contemporary, neoliberal capitalism has contributed to the aggregate decline and stagnation of birth rates in advanced capitalist countries. In short, my claim is that the institutional and ideational features of neoliberal capitalism undermine the various requirements for reproduction. More specifically, by reducing the material and psychological means to reproduce, and diminishing the normative value of social-reproductive activities,...
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...‘familism’ the notion that female fulfillment lies in the family. For Marxist feminists, the cause of female oppression is rooted in capitalism. They argue that although individual men benefit from women’s subordination, the main beneficiary is capitalism. Women are an unpaid labour force, as unpaid housewives, and have been used in WW1 as a reserve army of labour. This oppression is believed to be maintained by the role women adopt within the capitalist’s system as the unpaid homemaker in the family. Women are conceived that this unpaid role is natural and normal, through the ideology of ‘familism’ that promotes female fulfillment as achieved through motherhood intimacy and sexual satisfaction. Marxist feminists believe that in order to end female subordination, we must overthrow capitalism as well as the ideology of familism. This would free the sexes from restrictive family roles and ensure that domestic labour was shared equally. Strengths of Marxist feminists include the fact that they have demonstrated the power of structural factors, such as capitalism and ideology in constructing an explanation for women’s subordination. However, Marxist feminists have been criticised for failing to explain women’s subordination in non-capitalist societies. Marxist feminism also places insufficient emphasis on the way in which men (including WC men) and not just capitalism, oppress and benefit from their unpaid labour. Marxist feminist Michelle Barrett (1980) argues that the role ideology plays...
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...Concepts of Humanity Name: University Introduction Karl Marx largely criticized capitalism as a production and social construction method. He perceived capitalism as facilitating the relationships between people rather than between people and things (Hughes, 2003). He criticized capitalism because it supports private ownership of the means of production, thus widening the economic statuses between the rich and poor. Capitalism supports a system whereby the rich continues to exploit those with fewer resources to own production methods in the country. This essay seeks to discuss how Karl Marx perceives the modern world by analyzing his theoretical contexts of the issue of capitalism. Discussion Karl Marx perception of capitalism is that it is a tool innovated by the high economic status people, including politicians and successful business people, to control production methods, thus maintaining the status quo (Varul, 2013). The implication of capitalism on the middle and low class people is that they find hard to experience upward mobility in the society because they lack the opportunity to improve their economic statuses in the society. In this context, technology plays a small role in determining production as compared to the ownership of production processes. Financially resourceful people own and control the production processes in ways that give little or no chance for the middle and low class people to experience social mobility. Marxists opinions suggest that historical...
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...Chen 1 Professor Cameron Johnston AP/SOSC1140 12 February 2015 The Great Transformation to Market Society We are living in market society, which is so different from previous societies. In market society, the whole of society is a system of self-regulating market (Polanyi 43). In order to make the market society function, people need to think and act in certain ways(Polanyi 68). For example, people in market society think that economic relations are much more important than interpersonal relations (Polanyi 44). Polanyi calls the emergence of market society “the great transformation”. My thesis statement is that the shift to market society is a fundamental transformation because market society is characterized by self-regulation, fictitious commodities, and an emphasis on individuals, which are significantly distinct from previous societies. Some of the changes that take place in workplace under the system of market society will also be presented. Moreover, the ideas that people have about the world in market society will be describing by pointing out the relationship between the “protestant work ethic” and the “spirit of capitalism”. Finally, the reasons why these ideological conditions are crucial to the emergence of market society will be provided. The first characteristic of market society that makes the shift to market society essential is that economy within it is self-regulating and it is called “market economy” (Polanyi 68). Self-regulation...
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...Nowadays our society has a huge interest in American culture, the culture of progress, money and Capitalism. American culture, and western culture in general, may be characterized as the culture of Capitalism, or more specifically consumer Capitalism, and American society may be characterized as the society of perpetual growth. The following discussion treats exactly the topic of this thesis. The first part deals with Capitalism and the second one with consumerism. For most of us, American culture can’t be imagined without Capitalism, and it seems we got here on a way as determined as that of a tossed baseball. We are taught and come to believe that the head of the American economy is capitalist. It’s time to break out of that way of thinking. Let’s briefly think of the history of American Capitalism, only to get us out of this habit of thinking. When did American Capitalism begin? It is easy to forget that capitalism was born not so long ago, in the 19th century, when the Industrial Revolution took place, and entrepreneurs were creating new industries and wealth. In other words, capitalism came to be a “big thing” once it was already there. Capitalism effects people and created a consumerist society. Consumerist societies live by the influence of advertisements, and often buy things they do not need, and in most cases, they cannot afford it. This, in turn, leads to greater economic inequality, consumerists have a feeling of unfulfilled due to spending a lot of money yet having...
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...Thesis Capitalism has been the subject of ethical criticism since it was first introduced into society. I defend the morality of capitalism because it gives people incentive to work, establishes a web of trust between them, satisfies their material well-being, and generates a wide spectrum of prosperity. Exposition As citizens of the United States, we are members of the leading capitalist economy in the world. Our production and distribution is mostly done privately and we operate in a “profit” or “market” system. The capitalist system has been a target for criticism throughout the last three hundred years and is being discussed now more than ever due to the recent recession and financial crisis (Shaw and Barry n.d., 1). Its effects, structure, varieties, and possibilities provide for a large field of study and writers from several different disciplines have provided their input to the debate. Most fundamental is the question of whether our capitalist system is a morally justifiable one. This question can’t be answered by reviewing the efficiency and productivity capitalism provides, but instead requires a thorough analysis of ethics. A capitalist society is characterized by the private ownership of property and a free market that grants citizens the right to use their resources for their own benefit. Private property is the ownership of productive resources like companies, stocks, and bonds and should not be confused with personal property. Personal property consists...
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...Assess the Marxist views of society (33 marks) When looking at the Marxists views of society there are three main theorists to look at, Marx, Gramsci and Althusser. All of these theorists focus on how capitalism has been maintained in many societies and how eventually it will be over thrown. Both Gramsci and Althusser’s ideas originate from the works of Karl Marx who, unlike functionalist Emile Durkheim, saw no evolutionary progress of society but a gradual change in which capitalism would increase human misery. Marx suggested that capitalism needed to replaced by ideas such as communism. He looked at historical materialism and suggested that our society is altered by forces of production from the base and the superstructure. He argues that capitalist production forms the economic base and this ultimately shapes our superstructure, like institutions, religion, law and education. However, Althusser criticises this for being too simplistic and suggests a more complex two way causality model. He argues there are three levels; Economic level: comprising all those activities that involve producing something in order to satisfy and need. Political level: comprising all forms of organisation. And the Ideological level: involving the ways that people see themselves and their world. He believes each level can affect each other and impact different choices and beliefs on each level. This approach discourages political action because it is the role of structural forces rather than...
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...Capitalism vs. Communism Throughout history, there have been many systems developed in order to have a better society. Two of the most analyzed, and debated systems that have tired to change an economy for the best are communism, and capitalism. Communism, and capitalism have been compared on many levels, such as why they will or will not work, and which one works better. Throughout this essay I will concentrate on the differences, and similarities of how each operates, along with the benefits, and problems that each of them produces. Both of these economic systems theories came about around the same time, in the late 17th to mid18th centuries. One of the main contributor for capitalism was Adam Smith, writing The Wealth of a Nation in 1776, and Karl Marx for communism publishing the Communist Manifesto in 1848. These both were looked as a manual or guide for achieving such advancements. Communism called for the people to not be selfish and work for the benefits of the community rather for their well being. It asks them to see that what benefits the whole, benefits themselves. Capitalism on the other hand is focused on working for individual growth, and personal ownership to provide wealth for one's self. Communism plans to have a higher power or government control the economy to create a better way of living, by which all goods are equally distributed. As capitalism wants the government to not play a big role in the system, but instead wants it to be up to private ownership...
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...Name: Instructor: Course: Date: Capitalism and Socialism 1 Varieties of capitalism arise from a number of institutional characteristics that prevail in the developed economies of the globe. Such institutional characteristics include; education and vocational training, industrial relations, inter-firm relations, corporate governance and intra-firm coordination (Soskice & Hall 23). These characteristics differentiate two forms of capitalism, coordinated market economies- CME’s and liberal market economies- LME’s. Aside from differing in their institutional characteristics, these two forms of capitalism differ in certain macroeconomic aspects especially industrial specialization and comparative advantage. The table below pinpoints the differences between the forms of capitalism based on the institutional characteristics; Institutional characteristic | Liberalized markets (LME’S) | Coordinated markets (CME’s) | Education and training | Formal learning from high schools and colleges | Apprenticeship, bestowing industry specific skills | Inter-firm relations | Competitive | Coordinated/collaborative | Industrial regulations | Deregulated, anti-tax, tax breaks | Motivates information sharing and coordination among firms | Comparative advantage/specialization | High-tech and service | Manufacturing | Income distribution | Largely unequal | Generally evenly distributed | Mechanism | Competitive market arrangements | Non-market relations | An example of...
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