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Anthropology- Can mean two things First: The distinction between a human being and an animal Second: What differentiates one group of persons from another group of persons.

"Axes of Distinction" Renaissance (16th-17th c.)- Christian vs. non-Christian Religious space/time Enlightenment (18th c.)- Civilized vs. Savage (secular time, progress) 19th Century- Multiple Races (secular space, autochthany) 20th Century- Multiple Cultures (secular space, autochthany) Becomes a time when the word race becomes replaced with the word culture.
The Declaration of Independence has a double racial problem Thomas Jeffersons passage was taken out, which was condemning the king for making America have slaves. This was taken out because for it's absurd to try and say the king made America have slaves. Also taken out because it was understood how well slavery was thought upon at the time, and how there would've been backlash with the including of this passage.

Enslaved Population in 1860 Southern States- 2,310,000 (47% of population)

Crucial Court Cases Johnson v. McIntosh (1823) Determine that Indian tribes cannot sell their land without consent from US. government Cherrokee Nation v. Georgia (1831) Determined that Indian tribes were merely "domestic dependent nations" of the US. Worcester v. Georgia (1832)
Three principles undergird these court decisions: Indian tribes possessed certain aspects of pre-existing sovereignty Controlled by federal government, not states. Tribes limited sovereignty entails a corresponding dependency on the U.S., which has a "true responsibility" toward Native American tribal units This last case stated that while Native Americans should have some own decisions/rights for themselves, the final decision is left up to the federal government of the United States.

Removal Act of 1830-

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