...Case Attrition and Its Effect on the Criminal Justice System Brian C. Kennedy University of Phoenix CJS220 Steven Weber 09 July 2014 Abstract The vast criminal justice system in the United States is, in many ways, slow and cumbersome, but ultimately the best model available for a truly free society. Were it not for various mechanisms engineered into the system to organize and streamline proceedings, the system would likely break down, mired in bureaucracy and procedure. This is known as case attrition, it allows for the overwhelmingly large number of cases and potential cases to be sifted, or “winnowed” out along the procedural highway in order to focus resources on the cases that truly need the attention of a trial or appeal. (Meyer & Grant, 2003, p. 245) Types of Attrition Simply deciding on whether or not to report a crime or perceived crime is the first stage. This responsibility often lies with the citizenry and numerous motivations for reporting or non-reporting of crimes exist ranging from self preservation to the lack of importance in the citizens eyes. Police also have a level of discretion dictated both by statute and departmental policy. They can decide whether or not an action rises to the level of a crime at all or if the crime is worthy of the resources and manpower needed in relation to the...
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...Case Attrition Models Decker, Jennifer J CJS/220 February 9, 2014 Raymond Brown Case Attrition Models The criminal justice process begins with a crime being committed, followed by an arrest. Some cases never make it to the courtroom. As one team of researchers noted, “ half or more of all arrests for serious crimes end without convictions” (Feeney, Dill, and Weir, 1983). Furthermore, a percentage of felonies are reduced to misdemeanors, depending on the severity of the case and jurisdictional prosecutorial processes. Society might often wonder why case attrition occurs. One reason is that some actions are not legally defined as crimes, and therefore cannot result in arrest unless legislature changes the laws. The criminal justice process is like a funnel: Wide at the top and tapering to a narrow end. The funnel model demonstrates how the number of crimes that are processed through the system decreases at each step because of attrition (Meyer and Grant, 2003). At each process of the funnel fewer and fewer cases are handled because most cases are shunted out of the system at different points along the way. Another way to view how cases are processed in the system is the wedding cake analogy. The cake demonstrates how cases are sorted in layers depending upon their severity or seriousness. Less serious cases compose the bottom layer and the more serious cases forming the smaller ones on top. The smallest very top layer represents cases that are famous and attract a...
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...Effective leadership is a necessary element to have successful work teams and organizations. Those who are effective leaders employ ideas and practices that facilitate a working environment that nurtures the idea of success and making the company’s goals a top priority. Prosperous leaders do not directly demand their subordinates to complete their own and the company’s biddings. Rather, they provide a gentle, guiding hand in directing the employees in bringing out their best without any judgment or any form of hindrances from their supervisors in the form of their own actions and behavior. Numerous examples of supervisors and managers exhibiting superior leadership qualities exist. But for this particular assignment, one person exhibiting the concepts associated with leadership. As an example, consider my current supervisor, hereinafter referred to as Wadu in respect for his privacy. Wadu is a native of an East-Asian country. He arrived in New York at the age of twenty and immediately enrolled at a local community college. Many years of hard work paid off and he earned his degree in electrical engineering from The City University of New York. He joined the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) after graduation and obtained a job as a patent examiner. He worked his way through the examiner ranks and eventually became a primary patent examiner and most recently, a supervisory patent examiner. He currently oversees the work of over ten employees, trains newly...
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...EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT • To know about Groupon business module. • To know about the training and development process of the employee. • Analysis of employee attrition and retention. SCOPE OF PROJECT • All the activities of employees into an organisation come under the horizon of HRM. • The division included in HRM are recruitment, payroll, Performance Management, training and development, industrial. One important division is training and development. INTRODUCTION OF COMPANY Groupon a portmanteau derived from group coupon is a deal-of-the-day website that features discounted gift certificates usable at local or national companies. Groupon was launched in November 2008, and the first market for Groupon was Chicago, followed soon thereafter by Boston, New York City, and Toronto. By October 2010 Groupon served more than 150 market in North America and 100 markets in Europe, Asia and South America and had 35 million registered users. The idea for Groupon was created by now-CEO and Pittsburgh native Andrew Mason. The idea subsequently gained the attention of his former employer, Eric Lefk of sky, who provided $1 million in "seed money" to develop the idea. In April 2010, the company was valued at $1.35 billion. According to a December 2010 report conducted by Groupon's marketing association and reported in Forbes Magazine and the Wall Street Journal, Groupon was "projecting that the company is on pace to make $1 billion in sales faster than any...
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...Case Study – HR at GTL Performance Appraisal Form of Talent Management Head a) Objectives: * Hiring culture fit employees * Talent Retention * Effective workforce planning b) Dimensions: Quantitative: 1. Cost per hire – A metric is designed to measure the costs associated with the sourcing, recruiting and staffing activities borne by an employer to fill an open position in the organization 2. Time to fill – From the time you advertise your vacancy till the time the candidate is actually on board 3. Performance of hired employees – Appraisal rating of employees joined after one year of hiring 4. Attrition rate – Attrition rates describe the rate at which employees leave a company Qualitative: 1. Aligning talent acquisition strategies with business needs – Identifying the business needs and aligning the talent acquisition strategy accordingly to contribute in fulfilling business strategy 2. Effective use of technology in hiring – Using the latest online mediums available (for example: portals, LinkedIn etc.) and targeting at reducing the cost c) Measures: S: Strengths to build upon P: Performs well & meets expectations D: Developmental needs I: Issue Dimension | Expectation | Actual | Measure | Quantitative | Cost per hire | 10% of CTC | 8% of CTC | S | Time to fill | 2 months | 3 months | D | Performance of hired employees | >= 3 | 3.5 | P | Attrition rate | < 6% | 5.8% | P | Qualitative | ...
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...In “Let Them Die” Kenan Malik argue that dying language should not be prevent. Many language died and will die when their last speaker die. Some people are trying to preserve dying language. In author’s view, it is not possible to preserve dying language and dying language are not language at all. He list several examples to demonstrate his point. In my opinion, we should let them die. We should try to protect them first. If they can not stop dying, that do not have to regret. According to the essay, author divided it to four part, first part is the Introduction of the topic: Language Extinction. Secondly, he explain some promote the campaign to preserve linguistic diversity. Then author’s counter arguments. Finally, author make the conclusion: we should let those language die in peace. The essay has a catchy title. Make the reader interested in this essay. Also the essay has a clear text structure. In paragraph two to four, author list the consequences of language death. Language death results in the loss of unique biological and ecological knowledge; reduces knowledge about human language and mind; death of unique cultures. Author describes those in order to laying the groundwork for his following paragraph. In fifth and sixth paragraph we could clearly know some languages lose their function of communication. After that, in seventh to tenth paragraph, the preservers based their argument on the romantic notion of human differences and cultural differences, but the...
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...Q.1 Given Virgin Mobile's target market 914 to 24-year-olds), how should it structure its pricing? The case lays out three pricing options. Which option would you choose and why? In designing your pricing plan, be as specific as possible with respect to the various elements under considerations (e.g., contracts, the size of subsidies, hidden fees, average per-minute charges, etc.). I will recommend third pricing strategy, which is to come up with a completely new plan, since we are trying to target a new market segment. The following will be the structure of the new price plan, which employs a revolutionary and aggressive approach. Subscription Type All of the plans will be prepaid thereby completely eliminating the need for indulging into contracts. The subscription will come into packages that resemble consumer electronic packaging and would be plug_and_play when you buy them. Contracts: Since the plans will be all prepaid, the services will be offered without indulging into a contract. This will allow e.g. the teenagers 14-17 to be able to get the subscription because otherwise they are not eligible to sign the contracts. This is clearly an untouched segment and will bring lot of new customers. However the risk of churn will be increased to 6% per month, but that will be catered into pricing calculations given in the end. Handset Subsidies: All customers will be offered handset subsidies at 50% of the handset costs. This will reduce the subscription price and...
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...No | Name Student | I.D | 1 | | | 2 | | | 3 | | | 4 | | | | | | Teacher Name: | | | | | Restaurant services business plan Table of Contents Restaurant services business plan 1 Dhofari night's restaurant Services 1 Business description 1 1.1 Nature of Industry 1 1.2 Name of Business Organization 1 1.3 Description of Products/Services 1 1.4 Brand name/Logo 2 Logo 2 1.5 Vision 2 Mission 2 Objective 3 1.6 Ownership and organizational structure 3 Organizational structure 4 Market Analysis 4 2.1 Target customers 4 2.2 Competitive advantage 5 2.3 Marketing media 5 2.4 Promotion 6 2.5 pricing strategy 6 2.6 Sales and Distribution 6 Physical facilities and raw material 7 3.1 Location of business 7 Advantages of location 7 3.2 Physical facilities 8 Human resources 9 4.1 Required employees 9 4.2 Recruitment and training 10 Recruitment 10 Training 10 Financial planning 10 5.1 Financial planning 10 5.2 Source of funds 11 Sales forecast and profit estimation 11 6.1 Sale forecasting 11 6.2 Profit estimation 12 Conclusion 13 References 14 ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Dhofari night's restaurant Services ------------------------------------------------- Business description 1.1 Nature of Industry The business we are going to start is related to the Hotel industry. Our business...
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...Case Analysis On Verizon Wireless Submitted to - Tahmina Akter Lecturer Department of Finance University of Dhaka Submitted by - Group No.14 Department of Finance University of Dhaka Name of the Group members SL. | Name | ID. | 01. | Abu Sanzid | 15-066 | 02. | Hasina Akter | 15-072 | 03. | Zakia Ajzad | 15-088 | 04. | Gazi Afsana | 15-252 | Case Summary * Case is about the competitive advantage of Verizon Wireless. * Verizon is a telecommunication based firm in USA telecommunication industry. * The churn rate was high in this industry in 2003 but Verizon Wireless‘s churn rate was lower than its major competitors like Cingular wireless, Sprint, Next and T- mobile. The reason for lower churn rate for Varizon was providing superior quality and customized products. * Low churn rate has enabled the company to grow its subscriber base faster than rivals, which allows the company to better achieve economies of scale by spreading the foxed cost of building a wireless network over a larger customer base. * To reduce customer churn rate and achieve competitive advantage Varizon take several actions. These are - 1. Firstly , the company invested heavily in building high quality nationwide wireless network. That helped it to position itself on differentiation base to its customer. 2. Secondly, it installed CDMA technology instead of traditional GSM, which gave differential advantages over GSM to provide better service and lowering...
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...Client Issue Rogers Communications Inc. is a Canadian Telecommunications company operating in the fields of Wireless, Cable (Internet, Television and Phone), as well as Media services. Over the past few years, the competition in the Telecommunications industry in Canada has intensified. Not only have existing major competitors, the so called “Big Three” operators of Rogers, Bell and Telus, begun to clash more intensively, the market place is attracting many fast growing new entrants as well. To achieve its growth goals, Rogers need to determine an optimal set of corporate level strategy and business level guiding policies to maintain its market leader position in the long term. Rogers need to seek ways to leveraging its resource strength and improving upon its weaknesses to develop a long-term sustainable competitive advantage in this highly competitive industry. Evaluation Criteria With growth in mind, the strategic decision must take into account the following criteria: 1. Leads to sustainable long-term competitive advantage 2. Growth forecast (Industry and Segment conditions, Market Trends) 3. Competitive viability (Barriers to Entry, Substitutes) 4. Achieves competitive cost structure Strategic Recommendation: Integrated LTE (4G) Wireless Technology The advanced LTE network boasts higher efficiency, faster speeds, and broader bandwidth capabilities. As wireless devices continual to demand for better network performance, the upgrade to the more sophisticated...
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...Sprint Performance Management System Douglas Tennyson Excelsior College Abstract Every company needs to have a performance management system in place to build employees into what the company desires from them, to help them retain the best employees and to assist with active communication. Sprint seems to have a performance management system today that is much better than it was previously and this paper will explore the current performance management system and compare it to the old one and also make recommendations as to what Sprint can do to improve their current system. Sprint is a telecommunications company that specializes in mobile devices and mobile service. They currently hold fourth place in the mobile provider market being overtaken by T-mobile in 2015 according to a report on RCwireless.com with Verizon and AT&T maintaining a firm grip at the top of the market share. "The report found that "no major shifts in market share among the major four carriers" between now and 2020" (Kinney, S. (2015). One of Sprint's bigger problems was their employee turnover rate; they were losing employees faster than they were getting new ones. This would be a problem for any company, but especially for a company that is in the cutthroat business of cell phones and service. Trying to grow and take more of the market when you can't keep the trained employees created a problem for Sprint and they knew they needed to address this. "In July 2002, Towers Perrin released a...
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...There are several ways that Data-Mining can be used. A useful way is through customer attrition, which includes companies. Companies should have a complete retention strategy, due to gathering new customers is costly. Being able to retain customers during a downfall, when that is happening people are looking for a lower cost alternative. Knowing why a customer is leaving is important. There are customer churn analysis and apprehending methods, and trend analysis. Along with the customer churn profiling. Developing Customer Retention Strategies. Customer Retention is important because getting a new customer is expensive rather than keeping the existing one. Retention is meaningful to most companies because the cost of having new customers is much more than the cost of keeping good relationships with their current customers. How to contain customers during a downfall? During a downfall is the time when people look for a lower cost alternative. In these circumstances, down-selling can be key to retaining customers. When economy overcomes, the customers are likely to move up to the original services they had subscribed too. Down falling is better than losing customers. However that can have negative effects on sales, this should be carried out carefully on customers who are at risk of churning to lower cost alternatives, methods can be used to identify customers at risk of churning. Knowing why a customer leaves. The most important thing in customer retention is to know the customer...
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...In order to assess the attractiveness of the video rental business, the industry necessitates an evaluation through the analytical lens of the five contending forces of competition. First, there is a significantly low threat of new entrants mainly due to high barriers of entry and economies of scale. For example, there are substantial capital requirements in construction of fixed facilities in strategic locations in order to distribute DVDs; there are also unrecoverable expenditures in up-front R&D and advertising costs, both of which are emphasized in order to differentiate service and build brand equity. There are also government policies to reinforce the barrier. For example, in addition to its red envelops, Netflix has patents to protect essential characteristics of its business model such as its “Max Out” and “Max Turns” approaches. This creates cost disadvantages through a greater learning curve for new entrants, especially when competing against algorithmic programs such as Netflix’s CineMatch, which becomes more effective at recommending movies as more subscribers provide feedback. Another governmental restriction is seen specifically with Amazon.com, whereby distribution channels are choked out in the US unless Amazon sacrifices its competitive advantage of avoiding sales tax. The second force of competition, the bargaining power of the supplier, is assessed as moderate to high. The movie studios and independent movie distributors provide the rights to distribute...
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...Justin Goldberg 10/22/14 Case: Palm Towers Introduction: Basis of the case is… This case is used to solve the problem of determining how much this company (the National Tower Company) should bid for the Palm Tower, if anything at all. Contrary to many of the other cases, this case is not a case of make or break. Alternatively, this is clearly a situation of a want and not a need, as CATO is mentioned nowhere here. It becomes evident from the beginning of the case that this is definitely a tower that comes with an abundance of value. In fact, the majority of working on this case is basically a forecast showing how much profit this investment could potentially provide. We would recommend just by previewing the case a bit that a bid should be made that is near the likely competitive forecast value for there are a few other rival companies that are very successful at the moment and will likely bid as well. The industry for these towers right now is a very competitive one as previously mentioned, this is because across the globe there are 6 billion cellular users who most of are in the process of upgrading from either 2g to 3g or 3g to 4g/LTE. This is useful information to keep in mind for the case because we try to forecast growth for this tower, which is currently sitting at 17% for a year-by-year basis, which is quite high compared to most other industrial growth averages. Unfortunately, while these major cellular companies are bringing in a majority share of the rent, numerically...
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...Overall Case Summary Ted Katagi was recently put in charge of turning around the struggling Kansai Digital Phone Company. They are trying to compete in the Kansai market against three main competitors (DoCoMo, Cellular, Tu-Ka) and three PHS startups. Katagi and his team have developed several initiatives to try and turn themselves into a customer-centric organization. These incentives include: * Zutto - Operating without contracts. The customer pays up front and receives some benefit at the end of the commitment period in an attempt to elicit behavior (such as paying for another period) * Welcome Calls – Personal contact with each new customer in an attempt to keep customers from switching carriers. * Brand Strategy – Sign movie stars to produce a trendier image, and brand with a different name (J-Phone) that doesn’t make them sound like a regional operation. * Upgrade Mailing – Offer free upgrades for renewed service. * Expanded direct sales – An attempt to develop a bond with customers and increase loyalty. * Channel Incentives – Agents will be rewarded for enrolling higher value customers. * Subsidized calling plans – Cheaper plans targeting part of the population that does not have phones. Ted and his team have to decide which initiatives will provide the most benefit to Kansai and demonstrate the value those initiatives would provide. Case Questions 1. What is the value of a KDP customer in 1997? For this calculation you may want...
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