...Financial Statements Analysis - An Introduction MODULE - 6A Analysis of Financial Statements 27 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ANALYSIS - AN INTRODUCTION You have already learnt about the preparation of financial statements i.e. Balance Sheet and Trading and Profit and Loss Account in the module titled ‘Financial Statements of Profit and Not for Profit Organisations’. After preparation of the financial statements, one may be interested in analysing the financial statements with the help of different tools such as comparative statement, common size statement, ratio analysis, trend analysis, fund flow analysis, cash flow analysis, etc. In this process a meaningful relationship is established between two or more accounting figures for comparision. In this lesson you will learn about analysing the financial statements by using comparative statement, common size statement and trend analysis. Notes OBJECTIVES After studying this lesson, you will be able to : explain the meaning, need and purpose of financial statement analysis; identify the parties interested in analysis of financial statements; explain the various techniques and tools of analysis of financial statements. 27.1 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ANALYSIS (MEANING, PURPOSE AND PARTIES INTERESTED) We know business is mainly concerned with the financial activities. In order to ascertain the financial status of the business every enterprise prepares certain statements, known as financial statements. Financial statements are mainly prepared...
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...Health Care Case Study: Financial Statements University of Phoenix Health Care Financial Accounting HCS/405 December 06, 2010 Health Care Case Study: Financial Statements This paper is a health care case study of financial statements for Patton-Fuller Community Hospital. This summary is a review of the annual report and financial statements and the differences between the audited and the unaudited statements. The financial ratios are examined to determine if there has been improvement from 2008 to 2009 and to explain the cause. This paper will also summarize the relationship between revenue sources and expenses and explain the effect of revenue sources on financial reporting. The summary will also determine how the hospital’s revenues and expenses are grouped for planning and control. Audited and Unaudited Financial Statements The balance sheets for the Patton-Fuller Community Hospital for the years of 2008 and 2009 appear to have a discrepancy of $1,000,000 in the patient accounts received. On the 2009 unaudited statement, there was $59,787,000 and on the audited there was $58,787,000 which accounts for the $1,000,000 difference. Additionally on the Statement of Revenue and Expense for years 2008 and 2009 there was a discrepancy of $1,000,000 in 2009. This discrepancy appeared on the provision for doubtful accounts. The unaudited report showed $13,797,000 and the audited shows $14,797,000 which accounts for the $1,000,000 difference. This makes the “net...
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...Health Care Case Study: Financial Statements The paper is a health care case study on Patton-Fuller Community Hospital’s financial statements. The summary of the paper is a review on the annual report financial statements at Patton-Fuller Community Hospital. A discussion on how the audited and unedited financial statements differ. An explanation will be discussed on the financial ratios for the hospital improving. The relationship between revenue sources and expenses on Patton-Fuller’s financial performance will be discussed. The effect of revenue sources on financial reporting at the hospital will be discussed. The hospital’s revenues and expenses grouped for planning and controlling will be explained. Audited & Unaudited Financial Statement Differences The balance sheet for the Patton-Fuller Community Hospital for the years of 2009 and 2008 appear to have a differences or discrepancy of $1,000,000 in the patient accounts receivable. On the 2009 unaudited statement there was $59,787,000 and on the audited statement there was $58,787,000 which accounts for the $1,000,000 difference (Patton-Fuller Community Hospital, 2011). Additionally, on the Statement of Revenue and Expense for years 2009 and 2008 there was a discrepancy of $1,000,000 in 2009. The differences or discrepancy appeared on the provision for doubtful accounts. The unaudited report showed $13,797,000 and the audited report showed $14,797,000 which accounts for the $1,000,000 difference (Patton-Fuller Community...
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...Sunset Medical: A Statement of Cash Flow Case Scott Wandler* College of Business Administration University of New Orleans New Orleans, LA 70148 swandler@uno.edu Kevin Watson College of Business Administration Iowa State University Ames, IA 50011 kwatson@iastate.edu *Corresponding Author Abstract Medical is based on a real situation occurring at an Orthopedic Medical practice in Colorado. While attending a trade show Dr. Jones, the managing partner at Sunset Medical, was approached by a medical consulting firm, Physicians Medical Inc. (PMI), to provide the practice billing and administrative services. Dr. Jones decided to hire PMI and signed a contract in February of 2011. Based on the interim financial statements that were released in June of 2011, Dr. Jones gave PMI control of the overall day to day operations of the practice. PMI immediately relieved the office manager of her duties and took over all operations of the practice. In early 2012, the 2011 financial statements were released and were not as impressive as the mid-year results. Dr. Jones is now worried that the increased power given to PMI may have been a mistake and has asked you to give a full assessment of the situation. The case is suitable for an introductory Financial or Managerial Accounting class at the M.B.A. level once the students have a working knowledge of the financial statements. The students must critically evaluate contract language and...
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...Financial Statement Analysis Case Wal-Mart Instructions (a) | Discuss the expected effect on income (1) in the year that Wal‐Mart makes the changes in its revenue recognition policy, and (2) in the years following the change. | The SAB deals with various revenue recognition issues, several of which are common within the retail industry. As a result of the issuance of SAB 101, the company changed its method of accounting for SAM’S CLUBS and for Layaway transaction policy both of those are the most representative and the most affected by SAB101. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2000, the Company adopted changes in its method of accounting for membership revenue recognition. The implementation of this change was accounted for as a change in accounting principle and applied cumulatively as if the change occurred at the beginning of this fiscal year and as if it was recorded in the first quarter. The change results in a one-time non-cash reduction to the Company’s earnings of approximately $0.04 per share. After the change, basic earnings per share and diluted earnings per share for the fiscal year were $1.21 and$1.20 per share, respectively. Previously the company had recognized membership fee revenues when received. Under the new accounting method the company recognizes membership fee revenues over the term of the membership, which is twelve months. The company recorded a non-cash charge of $198 million, or $0.4 per share, to reflect the cumulative effect of the accounting...
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...Case - Statement of Cash Flow: Three Examples Exhibit #1 Alpha Corp: In this example we have a case in which years 89, 90 and 91 net income is less than net cash provided by operating activities. One of the major reasons for this appears to have been depreciating high cost of equipment. The depreciation is trending downward over the three-year period indicating less long-term assets are being purchased/capitalized to run operations. While depreciation does not involve cash, it does impact net income. In addition, account payables have been decreasing over the last two years and significant cash has been used in the last year to pay the liability. In 1990 there are significant costs associated with restructuring activities. There were costs in all 3 years but 1990 was almost triple that of 89 or 91. Cash flow from operations did not cover investments in depreciable equipment, capitalized software or dividends paid for all three years. The difference was trending in that operations would soon be able to cover these accounts. Dividends paid out decreases over the three-year period and were not paid in 91. Investing in these types of assets decreased over the 3 years. Funds to cover these costs came from long-term debt as well as the sell of class B stock. It is important to point out that Alpha sold off more than it acquired in new depreciable assets. Alpha is also spending cash on long-term debt as a primary source of financing cash flow. It appears in the past...
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...financial manager must organize and direct by deciding how to use the resources of the organization, and provide daily supervision (Baker & Baker, 2010). In addition, the financial manager must make informed choice through the element of decision- making (Baker & Baker, 2010). The General Accepted Accounting Practices In order to have guidelines in the principles of accounting, it is a mandatory requirement that health care organizations and other organizations use the General Accepted Accounting Principles, also known as the GAAP (Paul, 2008). The General Accepted Accounting Principles are the accounting regulations used to prepare and regulate the reporting of financial information, such as balance sheets, income statements, and cash flow statements (Paul, 2008). Compliance with the GAAP helps to uphold creditability with creditors and stockholders because the GAAP reassures individuals outside an organization that the organization’s financial...
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...Adapted from Bernhardt & Kinnear (1988). Cases in marketing management, pp. 6-16. Plano, TX: Business Publications, Inc. Pay careful attention to the following points. They are often used by instructors to evaluate either a written or oral analysis. 1. Be complete. Each area of the situation analysis must be discussed, problems and opportunities identified, alternative presented and evaluated using the situation analysis and relevant financial analysis, and a decision must be made. An analysis that omits part of the situation analysis or only recognizes one alternative is not a good analysis. Second, each area must be covered in-depth and within insight. 2. Avoid rehashing case facts. Every case has a lot of factual information. A good analysis uses facts that are relevant to the situation at hand to make summary points of analysis. A poor analysis just restates or rehashes theses facts without making relevant summary comments. 3. Make reasonable assumptions. Every case is incomplete in terms of some piece of information that you would like to have. A good case analysis must make realistic assumptions to fill in the gaps of information in the case. For example, the case may not describe the purchase decision process for the product of interest. A poor analysis would either omit mentioning this or just state that no information is available. A good analysis would attempt to present this purchase decision process by classifying the product and drawing upon real life...
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...CMIS102 Homework Assignment 2 (Worth 13% of your grade) Student Name: Ariel Cintron Class/Section: CMIS102 / 6383 Professor Name: Ronald Mcfarland Assignment due date: Feb 01 2012 Problem definition: Calculate the total price to purchase all the components required to build a state-of-the-art gaming computer from components available on the internet. A. Problem Analysis – Following the directions in the assignment, clearly write up your problem analysis in this section. The input consists of computer base price (CompPrice), the CPU choice (CPU_choice), the RAM choice (RAM_choice), and the Graphics Card choice (VideoCard_choice). Once the customer has entered a choice of an option, the program will determine the corresponding cost of that option: CPU_cost, RAM_cost, VideoCard_cost. The only item output is the computer selling price (ComputerPrice). To determine the ComputerPrice, the following computation is: ComputerPrice = CompPrice + CPU_cost + RAM_cost + VideoCard_cost. B. Program Design – Following the directions in the assignment, clearly write up your problem design in this section and comment your pseudocode. Things the program must do: 1. Input the computer base price 2. Process the various options to compute the additional costs 3. Total all the costs 4. Display the final selling price The main Module will contain the following submodules: Compute_CPU_Cost Compute_RAM_Cost ...
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...ISSUES IN ACCOUNTING EDUCATION Vol. 26, No. 3 2011 pp. 609–618 American Accounting Association DOI: 10.2308/iace-50029 A Series of Revenue Recognition Research Cases Using the Codification R. Mark Alford, Teresa M. DiMattia, Nancy T. Hill, and Kevin T. Stevens ABSTRACT: This series of four short cases is designed to help students develop the skills to research the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification and other authoritative literature. It also is designed to help improve students’ ability to analyze and critique the complex issues that often surround the accounting for revenue recognition. The case scenarios describe transactions in which students must decide whether, when, and how much revenue to recognize. The issues analyzed involve bill-and-hold, multiple-element arrangements, gross versus net revenue reporting, and sales incentives. The cases are also designed to improve teamwork and communication skills. The sequence of cases is intended for use in an intermediate accounting class that covers revenue recognition, or in a capstone class that emphasizes critical thinking and research skills. Keywords: revenue; recognition; codification; research. INTRODUCTION evenue recognition is one of the top causes for financial statement restatements (Whitehouse 2010). In addition, revenue recognition is an area commonly questioned by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) staff in their review of public filings and resultant comment...
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...COURSE OBJECTIVES Financial and management accounting are more closely linked in practice than one might expect from reading traditional textbooks and the problems to be resolved often have income tax and auditing consequences as well. This seminar is designed to provide you with opportunities to apply general concepts and principles learned in intermediate and advanced financial accounting courses to new economic transactions and business decisions. Cases will be used to permit you to practice the skills you will need as a professional accountant whether in public accounting or private industry. In particular, this course is intended to refine your skills in researching the professional accounting literature to solve particular accounting problems, to arrive at defensible solutions where GAAP is vague or nonexistent, and to present your research conclusions in a professional manner. You will have opportunities to present your work orally and in writing. REQUIRED MATERIALS: A recent Intermediate Accounting text (Kieso used in Acct 315 & 414 would be fine) A recent Advanced Accounting text (whatever was used in for Acct 415-515 would be fine) On-line access to FASB’s ASC (accounting standards codification). The Department has purchase academic license so you can use the $850 “professional” version rather than the free version which has fewer bells and whistles. You can log on from fasb.org but it will take you to http://aaahq.org/ascLogin.cfm where you enter...
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...Written Case Project Guidelines In addition to the Live Case, students will work on “written cases”. These cases are designed to provide the students the opportunity to demonstrate their mastery of all marketing related topics and issues. Each student, individually, is required to prepare a 2 to 3 page single spaced typed solution to the case. The solution should be in the format of an executive memo and be very strategic action oriented. If there are questions at the end of the case, unless otherwise directed, questions should only be used as guidelines. Answering only those questions will not be appropriate. The write-up is to be a “management directive” for the company. It should specifically state what the actions of the company should be to operate within the specific situation. This should not be a recantation of the case. On the case days, students will discuss each of their solutions in a simulated boardroom environment. There is no one set solution to the case. The success in this situation for the student is his or her ability to support their recommendations. Students should provide support as to why they feel their individual solution is appropriate. Students are not to “update” the case. Do not assume the actions taken from the time of the writing of the case by the company are the appropriate solutions/approaches to the case. This can be misleading and create myopia. Each write-up should include the following sections/components: Statement of...
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...Team Cases The cases are assigned for their ambiguity, i.e. solutions are not clear cut. These cases were real-life situations encountered by corporations. Since solutions were not clear cut, corporations approached accounting firms for guidance. Deloitte, Touche & Tohmatsu used these issues to compile a series of cases to provide students the opportunities to have a “hands-on” experience in how accounting firms go about looking for a solution. To assist students in completing the assignment, sample cases with solutions were posted. Students would need to use FASB Codification database (the same one used by accounting firms). You can access the database through: http://aaahq.org/ascLogin.cfm Userid: AAA52120 Password: 6HxBPpx The main purposes of the cases are: 1. Provide hands-on experience in using FASB Codification to research for accounting solutions. 2. Encourage team effort to examine possible solutions and come to a consensus well supported by accounting rules and pronouncements. There are many solutions to the cases, some better (or more in line with the pronouncements) than others. I look forward to your explorations with untainted young minds to come up with mesmerizing solutions. Any consultation with the instructor could bias your approach. It may even mislead the team to think that the discussion is about “the solution” and therefore negate the second purpose of this assignment. Students should study the sample solutions carefully and...
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...(For Course participants only) Reading Material & Work Book On Effective Noting & Drafting (Edited by Smt. Jayanthi Sriram, Asst.Director) GOVERNMENT OF INDIA INSTITUTE SECRETARIAT TRAINING & MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT OF PERSONNEL & TRAINING ADMINISTRATIVE BLOCK, JNU CAMPUS (OLD) OLOF PALMS MARG, NEW DELHI-110067 TEL. 26105592 TELEFAX: 26104183 Revised - 2005 FORWARD In responsive administration it is obvious that the response has to be meaningful. Yet, it may not be effective unless the response time is optimised. This twin objective can be achieved through streamlining of the decision making process itself. In the Central Secretariat, as in other spheres of Government, contribution by all rungs of employees particularly by those at the cutting edge level, namely the Section Officers and Assistants, generally helps arriving at the right decision. Besides collection of information, such contributions are rendered through Noting & Drafting. Effective noting & drafting at every level, therefore, is a matter of prime concern. 2. To address this concern, we in ISTM have been according utmost importance to the inclusion of 'noting and drafting' as a subject in all our foundational and refresher Courses. Besides, focussed workshops on effective noting & drafting are also organised in large numbers. To help participants team effectively, the need for practical exercises cannot be overemphasised. Similarly,...
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...prison term. The charge stems from a January 2016 incident. That's when Ozuna allegedly filed the tax returns she prepared for a 59-year-old acquaintance. The Millersburg Police Department launched an investigation after being contacted by the victim, who reported, after not receiving her anticipated refund, tax authorities indicated to her the refunds had been made, but to an account other than her own, said Detective Jeff Lay. The woman said she'd previously relied on Ozuna to prepare her tax returns, with no issue. Police reviewed Killbuck Savings Bank statements to confirm the refunds, totaling $1,431, had been deposited into Ozuna's account, said Lay, noting investigators found no evidence Ozuna had similarly defrauded anyone else. Numerous attempts by law enforcement to contact and interview Ozuna were unsuccessful, and the case was forwarded to the Holmes County Prosecutor's Office, which filed charges and brought the case before a grand jury, which issued an indictment for felony theft. At the time she prepared the taxes, Ozuna said she was drinking and inadvertently listed her own bank account's routing information on the electronically filed return, said defense attorney Jeff Kellogg, who added that when the money was subsequently deposited into Ozuna's account she spent it, rather than giving it to the victim. Had she done that immediately or shortly thereafter, Kellogg said, he believes no criminal charges would have been filed. “She was reckless when she did the return...
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