...Managerial Accounting 20 May 2012 AC 505 Case Study II: A. Break-even point in passengers and revenues per month = 35,000; $5,600,000 1) Per Passenger Sales $160 Variable Expenses 70 Unit Contribution Margin $90 Fixed expenses ÷ Unit CM = $3,150,000 ÷ 90 = 35,000 passengers in break-even point 2) Contribution Margin Ratio (CM Ratio) = Contribution Margin ÷ Selling Price = $90 ÷ $160 = .5625 Break-even point in dollars = Fixed costs ÷ CM Ratio = $3,150,000 ÷ .5625 = $5,600,000 B. Break-even point in number of passenger train cars per month = 556 Number of seats per train car = Average load factor × Number of seats per train car = .70 × 90 = 63 passengers per train on average Passengers in break-even point ÷ Number of seats per passenger train = Number of passenger train cars per month to break-even 35,000 ÷ 63 = 555.5 or 556 train cars C. Monthly break-even point in number of passenger cars when fare is raised to $190 = 486 Number of seats per train car = Average load factor × Number of seats per train = .60 × 90 = 54 passengers per train on average Per Unit Sales $190 Variable Expenses 70 Unit Contribution Margin $120 Fixed Expenses ÷ Contribution Margin = $3,150,000 ÷ $120 = 26,250 passengers to break even Break-even point in passengers ÷ average passengers per train = Break-even point in train cars = 26,250 ÷ 54 = 486.11 or 486 train cars to break-even D. Break-even point in passengers...
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...AC 505 Case Study II Springfield Express Luxury Liner A. What is the break-even point in passengers and revenues per month? Break-even point = Fixed cost / Contribution margin Contribution margin = Revenue - Variable cost per unit = $160 - $70 = $90 Break-even point = $3,150,000/$90 = 35,000 Break-even point in passengers is 35,000. Revenue per month is = Break-even point * selling price = 35,000*160 = $5,600,000 B. What is the break-even point in number of passenger train cars per month? Break-even # passengers =556 Seats per passenger car = 90 556/90 = 6 *.70 = 4 C. If Springfield Express raises its average fare to $190, it’s estimated that the average load factor will decrease to 60%. What will be the monthly break-even point in number of passenger cars? Revenue = 54 * $190 = $10,260 Contribution margin = 10,260 – 3780 = $6480 Break-even point in passengers = $3,150,000/$6480 = 486 D. Fuel cost is a significant variable cost to any railway. If crude oil increases by $20 per barrel, it is estimated that variable cost per passenger will rise to $90. What will be the new break-even point in passengers and in number of train cars? Break-even point in passengers = $3,150,000/ ($160 - $90) = 3,150,000/70 = 45,000 Break-even point in no of passenger train cars = 45,000/63 = 714. E. Springfield Express has experienced an increased in variable cost per passenger to $85 and an increase in total...
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...publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Graphical Abstract (for review) Specific N2O Production Rate 2.0 2.5 ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT (mg N/hr/g VSS) 1.5 100 Contribution of Different Pathways to N2O Production (%) 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 14 M AN U 60 40 20 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 DO Concentration (mg O2/L) 3.5 N2O Emission Factor (%) 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0.0 0.5 EP TE D AC C 0 0.0 SC 80 RI PT 0.5 Contribution of NH2OH oxidation pathway (based on site preference data) Contribution of AOB denitrification pathway (based on site preference data) Contribution of NH2OH oxidation pathway (model predictions) Contribution of AOB denitrification pathway (model predictions) 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 DO Concentration (mg O2/L) 3.0 3.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 DO...
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...Impact Analysis of Overflow Spillway on U/S Flows & Hydraulic Structure using CFD Technique – A Case Study of Marala HPP Ali Nawaz Khan1, Muhammad Kaleem Sarwar2, Dr. Sajid Mehmood3, Azhar Bashir Magsi4 1. 2. 3. 4. Research fellow and corresponding author, Centre of Excellence in Water Resources Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Pakistan. E-mail: alinawaz.ce@gmail.com, Assistant Professor, Centre of Excellence in Water Resources Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Pakistan. E-mail: eng_Kaleem@yahoo.com Assistant Professor, Centre of Excellence in Water Resources Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Pakistan. E-mail: smahmoodpk@yahoo.com Project Manager, Sinotec Co., Ltd., Lahore, Pakistan. E-mail: azhar_magsi@yahoo.com Abstract Barrages and canal falls are considered as a readily available option for hydropower generation as the pre-requisites of water and head are conveniently available on such sites. Most important aspect of such scheme is to set the levels of hydraulic structures so that there is absolutely no disturbance to the irrigation flows which is the basic purpose of the barrage and canal network. At the same time finding the optimum level for the proposed structures so that the maximum hydropower benefits are yielded through the scheme without compromising the safety. Present study intends to investigate the same for Marala Hydropower Project (MHP) proposed on Upper Chenab...
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...COURSE GUIDE Semester 1 2014 Course Name and Code Campus Principal Instruction Mode Name and contact details of offering coordinator MKTG 1052 Buyer Behaviour Singapore Lectures and online support Dr Kaleel Rahman School of Economics, Finance and Marketing RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia kaleel.rahman@rmit.edu.au Name / contact details of other relevant staff Visiting lecturers: Dr Kaleel Rahman / Dr. Linda Robinson / Mr. Brian McCauley Teacher guided hours Learner directed hours Course Description 36 108 Concentrating on buyers needs is fundamental to the marketing concept. The emphasis of this subject is to look more closely at the buyer, covering the factors effecting: • • • • • why people make purchase decisions what products (goods and services) people buy how people go about the purchase process the frequency with which people purchase the buying decision process It is crucial that practitioners are able to usefully apply these buyer behaviour concepts to their marketing programs. The increasing complexity, competitiveness and change in today’s markets require a marketing practitioner to have a thorough understanding of buyer behaviour theories and dynamics if they are to have a competitive edge. MKTG 1052 BUYER BEHAVIOUR S1 2014 Course Guide 1 On completion of the course, students will normally be able to: Learning Outcomes • • Develop familiarity with the theories of buyer behaviour in consumer markets. Enhance...
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...Frederick D. Hackworth, Jr. Table of Contents Chapter 1 - Ladder Diagram Fundamentals Chapter 2 - The Programmable Logic Controller Chapter 3 - Fundamental PLC Programming Chapter 4 - Advanced Programming Techniques Chapter 5 - Mnemonic Programming Code Chapter 6 - Wiring Techniques Chapter 7 - Analog I/O Chapter 8 - Discrete Position Sensors Chapter 9 - Encoders, Transducers, and Advanced Sensors Chapter 10 - Closed Loop and PID Control Chapter 11 - Motor Controls Chapter 12 - System Integrity and Safety Preface Most textbooks related to programmable controllers start with the basics of ladder logic, Boolean algebra, contacts, coils and all the other aspects of learning to program PLCs. However, once they get more deeply into the subject, they generally narrow the field of view to one particular manufacturer's unit (usually one of the more popular brands and models), and concentrate on programming that device with it's capabilities and peculiarities. This is worthwhile if the desire is to learn to program that unit. However, after finishing the PLC course, the student will most likely be employed in a position designing, programming, and maintaining systems using PLCs of another brand or model, or even more likely, many machines with many different brands and models of PLC. It seems to the authors that it would be more advantageous to approach the study of PLCs using a general language that provides a thorough knowledge of programming concepts that...
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...Cultural Competence The city of Milwaukee in Milwaukee County area is an extremely ethnically and racially diverse city in the state of Wisconsin (Milwaukee Citywide Policy Plan, 2010). According to the American Community Survey (ACS) in 2008 the city residents made up about 63% of Milwaukee County’s total population. However, the city of Milwaukee accounts for almost 88% of the county’s minority population and that number is slightly increasing yearly (Milwaukee Citywide Policy Plan, 2010). There are primarily Blacks, Hispanics, and Asian minorities found living in the area but there are still many more other minorities found in the streets of the city of Milwaukee. Graph 1 and Graph 2 below show the minority population in Milwaukee County compares to the minority population in the city of Milwaukee. Graph 1: Milwaukee County Population 2013 Sources: United States Census Bureau, 2010 Graph 2: City of Milwaukee Population 2010 Sources: United States Census Bureau, 2010 With the continuing rise of minorities, one of Milwaukee’s largest health care facilities, Aurora Health Care, needs to focus more on how they can increase cultural competence. Cultural competence is the ability of a health care system to be able to provide care to their patients of diverse values, behaviors, beliefs (Betancourt, Green, & Carrillo, 2002). It is a continuous attempt and ongoing process to understand the traditions, values, customs, and beliefs of a diverse group and respecting...
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...82476 c02.3d GGS 3/17/09 15:15 r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r rr ECONOMIES AND SCOPE OF SCALE 2 r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r rr F ew concepts in microeconomics, if any, are more fundamental to business strategy than economies of scale and the closely related economies of scope. Economies of scale allow some firms to achieve a cost advantage over their rivals. Economies of scale are a key determinant of market structure and entry. Even the internal organization of a firm can be affected by the importance of realizing scale economies. We mostly think about economies of scale as a key determinant of a firm’s horizontal boundaries, which identify the quantities and varieties of products and services that it produces. The extent of horizontal boundaries varies across industries, along with the importance of scale economies. In some industries, such as microprocessors and airframe manufacturing, economies of scale are huge and a few large firms dominate. In other industries, such as apparel design and management consulting, scale economies are minimal and small firms are the norm. Some industries, such as beer and computer software, have large market leaders (Anheuser-Busch, Microsoft), yet small firms (Boston Beer Company, Blizzard Entertainment) fill niches where scale economies are less important. An understanding of the sources of economies of scale and scope is clearly critical for formulating and...
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...leadership and achievement of organizational objectives be equipped with relevant economic principles and applications. Unfortunately, a gap has been observed in this respect among today’s managers. It is therefore the aim of this course to bridge such gap. THE COURSE OBJECTIVES On completion of the requirements of this course, students and managers alike will be expected to: 1. Understand the relative importance of Managerial Economics; 2. Know how the application of the principles of managerial economics can aid in the achievement of business objectives; 3. Understand the modern managerial decision rules and optimization techniques; 4. Be equipped with tools necessary in the analysis of consumer behaviours, as well as in forecasting product demand; 5. Be equipped with the tools for analyzing production and costs; 6. Understand and be able to apply latest pricing strategies; THE COURSE STRUCTURE This course will be presented in modules, each of which is designed to achieve specific managerial objectives. In a nutshell the course contents are as follows: 2 MODULE 1: Basic Principles in the Application of Managerial Economics 1.1 Introduction (a) Definition of Managerial Economics (b) Economic...
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...ORIGINAL Afr J Psychiatry 2010;13:116-124 Mental Health Stigma: What is being done to raise awareness and reduce stigma in South Africa? 1 R Kakuma1,2,3, S Kleintjes3, C Lund3, N Drew4, A Green5, AJ Flisher3,6, MHaPP Research Programme Consortium7 Health Systems Research and Consulting Unit, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada 2Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada 3Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa 4Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland 5Nuffield Centre for International Health and Development (NCIHD), University of Leeds, United Kingdom 6Research Centre for Health Promotion, University of Bergen, Norway 7The Mental Health and Poverty Project (MHaPP) is a Research Programme Consortium (RPC) funded by the UK Department for International Development (DfID)(RPC HD6 2005- 2010) for the benefit of developing countries. The views expressed are not necessarily those of DfID. RPC members include Alan J. Flisher (Director) and Crick Lund (Co-ordinator) (University of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa (RSA)); Therese Agossou, Natalie Drew, Edwige Faydi and Michelle Funk (World Health Organization); Arvin Bhana (Human Sciences Research Council, RSA); Victor Doku (Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana); Andrew Green and Mayeh Omar (University of Leeds, UK); Fred Kigozi (Butabika Hospital, Uganda); Martin Knapp (University of London,...
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...ADRA AC&H AC&H H&S ADRA HA HA H&S OI REC NAT NAT OI VOC VOC SGO&H REC SGO&H pathfinder honor book 2014 revision general conference youth ministries department -1- ADRA AC&H H&S NAT HA OI SGO&H REC VOC pathfinder honor book 2014 revision general conference youth ministries department -3- General Conference Youth Ministries Department Director: Gilbert Cangy General Conference Associate Youth Director/Pathfinder World Director: Jonatan Tejel General Conference Honors Committee: Jonatan Tejel, Chairman Vanessa Correa, Secretary Gennady Kasap: ESD Youth Director Busi Khumalo: SID Youth Director Mark O’Ffill: NAD representative John Sommerfeld: SPD representative Paul Tompkins: TED Youth Director Jobbie Yabut: SSD Youth Director Udolcy Zukowski: SAD Pathfinder Director Copyright © 2014 by the Youth Ministries Department of the Seventh-day Adventist® Church All rights reserved. Published 2014 First edition published 1998. Second edition 2011. Third edition 2014 Rights for publishing this book outside the U.S.A. or in non-English languages are administered by the Youth Ministries Department of the Seventh-day Adventist® Church. For additional information, please visit our website, www.gcyouthministries. org, email youthinfo@gc.adventist.org, or write to Youth Ministries Department, General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists® Church, 12501 Old Columbia Pike, Silver Spring, MD 20904, U.S.A. Cover and inside design by Jonatan Tejel Printed in the United...
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...Blekinge Institute of Technology School of Management Master Thesis M.Sc. in Business Administration The Use of Promotional Activities in the Tourism Industry: The Case of Bangladesh [pic] By Md. Jakir Hossain Dr. Klaus Solberg Søilen ID # 670504-P777 Academic Supervisor E-mail: mjho05@student.bth.se hossainj67@yahoo.com Date: 07 June, 2006 Abstract This thesis is an attempt to investigate how the use of promotional activities can help to develop the tourism industry by giving a special concentration to the case of Bangladesh. The investigation was conducted from both a theoretical and an empirical point of view. The contribution of the same industry to the world economy is considerable. Many countries are now dependent on this sector for foreign currency earnings. Every destination country is trying to achieve more gain by developing this industry. The expansion of the tourism through out the world has increased competition among the tourist destinations, trying to attract more tourists by adopting appropriate marketing techniques and strategies. Failure of doing so by a particular marketer will lead to a less competitive in the world tourism market. As an important element of marketing mix, promotion plays the vital role in marketing any product and service. Tourism product/service is of no exception. Because of the tourists want to know in advance about the attractions and the facilities of a particular destination. The tourist...
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...Human Resource and Skill Requirements in the Electronics and IT Hardware Industry Study on mapping of human resource skill gaps in India till 2022 Human Resource and Skill Requirements in the Electronics and IT Hardware Industry Table of Contents 1. Environment Scanning and Competitiveness of Electronics and IT Hardware Industry...... 5 1.1. 1.2. 1.3. 1.4. 1.5. 1.6. 1.7. 1.8. 1.9. 1.10. 1.11. 1.12. 1.13. 2. Overview of the Global Electronics Industry.......................................................................... 5 Overview of Indian Electronics and IT Hardware sector........................................................ 6 Key segments in the Indian electronics hardware sector ........................................................ 8 Consumer Electronics ........................................................................................................... 10 IT Hardware .......................................................................................................................... 11 Telecommunication Equipment ............................................................................................ 13 Electronic Components ......................................................................................................... 14 Strategic Electronics ............................................................................................................. 15 Overview of Industrial Electronics and other products...
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...Technology Books website at www.elsevierdirect.com/rights for further information Notice No responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN: 978-0-08-055450-1 (Volume 3) ISBN: 978-0-08-087929-1 (Volumes 1, 2 and 3) For information on all Elsevier publications visit our website at www.elsevierdirect.com Printed and bound in Hungary 09 10 11 12 13 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contributors to Volume 3 Robert H. Chenhall Mark A. Covaleski Antonio Davila Mark W. Dirsmith David A....
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...Treatment of Insomnia: An Alternative Approach Anoja S. Attele, DDS, Jing-Tian Xie, MD, and Chun-Su Yuan, MD, PhD Abstract Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder, and is often associated with significant medical, psychological, and social disturbances. Conventional medical treatment for insomnia includes psychological and pharmacological approaches; however, long-term use of frequently prescribed medications can lead to habituation and problematic withdrawal symptoms. Therefore, herbal and other natural sleep aids are gaining popularity, as herbs commonly used for their sedative-hypnotic effects do not have the drawbacks of conventional drugs. Whether alternative therapies possess activity similar to conventional therapies needs further evaluation. (Altern Med Rev 2000;5(3):249-259) Introduction Humans sleep approximately one-third of their lives. Scientists do not fully understand the necessity for sleep, nor the mechanisms for sleep’s physical and mental restoration. Sleep disruption creates fatigue and suboptimal performance, causing significant medical, psychological, and social disturbances.1,2 Insomnia is a widespread health complaint, and the most common of all sleep disorders.3 In the United States, the cost of insomnia, including treatment, lost productivity, and insomnia-related accidents may exceed $100 billion per year.4,5 Insomnia can be defined as the subjective complaint of impairment in the duration, depth, or restful quality of sleep. It is characterized...
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