...there are adequate provisions for protecting the privacy of subjects and to maintaining the confidentiality of data. The Common Rule is just one document that directs researchers to consider privacy and confidentiality when conducting research. The guidelines of the American Anthropological Association, the Oral History Association, the American Psychological Association, and the American Sociological Association identify protecting privacy and ensuring confidentiality as key components of respecting the safety and dignity of research subjects. This module will define privacy and confidentiality and discuss their application in various research settings. It will also discuss applicable laws, other than the Common Rule. Learning Objectives By the end of this module, you should be able to: * Distinguish between privacy and confidentiality * Identify privacy risks associated with study designs * Identify a range of procedures for ensuring confidentiality * Identify relevant laws regarding collection of private information * Identify laws that limit the ability to ensure confidentiality Definitions According to the IRB Guidebook, published by the Office for Human Research Protections, privacy can be defined in terms of having control over the extent, timing, and circumstances of sharing oneself (physically, behaviorally, or intellectually) with others. Confidentiality pertains to the treatment of information that an individual has disclosed in a relationship...
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...that there are adequate provisions for protecting the privacy of subjects and to maintaining the confidentiality of data. The Common Rule is just one document that directs researchers to consider privacy and confidentiality when conducting research. The guidelines of the American Anthropological Association, the Oral History Association, the American Psychological Association, and the American Sociological Association identify protecting privacy and ensuring confidentiality as key components of respecting the safety and dignity of research subjects. This module will define privacy and confidentiality and discuss their application in various research settings. It will also discuss applicable laws, other than the Common Rule. Learning Objectives By the end of this module, you should be able to: • Distinguish between privacy and confidentiality • Identify privacy risks associated with study designs • Identify a range of procedures for ensuring confidentiality • Identify relevant laws regarding collection of private information • Identify laws that limit the ability to ensure confidentiality Definitions According to the IRB Guidebook, published by the Office for Human Research Protections, privacy can be defined in terms of having control over the extent, timing, and circumstances of sharing oneself (physically, behaviorally, or intellectually) with others. Confidentiality pertains to the treatment of information that an individual has disclosed in a relationship of trust...
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...to assure the proper ethical conduct of qualitative researchers through organisational oversight is a symbol and symptom of a deep misunderstanding of the realities of ethnographic research and an even deeper misapprehension about how conduct is effectively governed( Mark 2004). Case study 1 The key ethical issue raised in Research Case Study 1 is confidentiality and privacy. On face- to- face interviews of 50 young men case on their experiences and attitudes to violence. In many cases, the young men had not been arrested for their violence and revealed involvement in homicide. The researchers have to ensure the information is private and is voluntarily offered to the researcher is confidence http://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/agdbasev7wr/bocsar/documents/pdf/r55.pdf (page18). Also, maintaining confidentiality is a best way to avoid collected data to get publication, exposed and make sure. They also claimed that given that areas excluded from confidentiality were central to the research study, the limited assurance compromised the research to the point of rendering the data obtained invalid. They suggested that the researchers should either have made an unlimited guarantee of confidentiality and stuck to that or not undertaken the research (Lowman and Palys, 2001a; 2001b, Professor Mark Israel, 2004). Various State and Federal privacy...
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...its information security program ensures the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information and information systems by adhering to government policies and organizational policies. Government policies are those issued by federal, state, local or tribal governments whereas organizational policies are those written to guide and organization's compliance with laws, regulations and policies. In order for an organization's information security program to succeed it needs to operate according to the established government and organizational policies. This case study will give managers a brief overview of the legal environment to assist them in reviewing and commenting upon a new governance policy for their organization's information security program. LAW AND POLICY CASE STUDY CIA TRIAD "The meaning of CIA that is probably most familiar to my readers is the Central Intelligence Agency." In this case study, however, the CIA triad stands for: Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability. The triad is a security model that helps people remember the important parts of information technology security. The confidentiality portion of the triad determines the appropriate access levels for information. The integrity portion protects unauthorized modification or deletion of organization information. Finally, the availability portion of the CIA triad ensures systems are working properly and available when needed. CONFIDENTIALITY Organizations generally separate confidential...
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...The informed consent is a written document in which a person, whether client or participants in a research study, agrees with the course of treatment (for counseling) or to participate (in case of study) after having received specific and enough information on the procedures that would be subject to. The area of psychology that I will consider for this discussion is research. Informed consent in research involves many factors. Informed consent should be provided to participants prior the study takes place. This document should provide sufficient and clear information of the study: duration, any possible risks or discomforts participants may suffer, and if participants will be or not compensated (amount must be specified). Additionally, informed...
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...I must respect my client’s integrity. I shall not disclose the information to a third party. But in this case, I have to justify on what to tell and what not to tell. I learned that revealing information that the student disclosed to me can ruin the counselling relationship. The student, John Doe is my client and I would have my responsibility to keep the conversation between John and I confidential. Firstly, I would make my decision based on my understanding about the four teachers, their history, relationship with students, and whether they are trustworthy. Next, I would consult others by asking suggestion from a professional psychologist or have a talk with school principal and a senior school counsellor. Then, I would tell them I will have to seek for John’s permission for disclosing some information about him. If I would have make a decision whether to tell or not to tell the teachers on the spot, I would keep most of the information about the John, and answer only a general question asked by them. When required to disclose confidential information without a client’s permission, school counsellors are to reveal only “essential” information (ACA, 1995). According to Phillips (2007), this ethical dilemma is “nearly a constant struggle for school counsellors and can create a dynamic tension within the educational environment, where the students’ right to confidentiality needs to be weighed against others’ needs to know”. As a school counsellor, students will always be my priority...
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...of ethical theories discussed most in nursing are consequentialist and nonconsequentialist theories. By examining these two theories, nurses are able to evaluate the principle of confidentiality and how to apply the principle within reasonable limits. Further understanding of these normative theories gives nurses the abilities to evaluate conflict avoidance and resolution. As nurses further navigate the world of ethics, they discover how the code of ethics is influenced by a person’s culture, and they acquire a solid foundation for current ethical decision-making models used in their industry. Ethics in Nursing Practice, Values and Decision Making Nurses who take care of patients are encouraged to do so with a certain level of politeness. Other than being polite, nurses are required to be skilled, and they must follow the laws which govern them in their field of practice. Between all of the skills, politeness and laws are a nurse’s professional code of ethics. The code of ethics is generally understood and agreed upon by people in health care, and upholding these guiding principles is crucial to the successful delivery of nursing care. To operate effectively, nurses need to understand the importance of ethical theory which gives them insight regarding patient confidentiality, conflict resolution, culture...
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...Course Name: Intro to Legal Ethics Instructor: Brent Halbleib Assignment: Unit 3 Confidentiality and Attorney/Client Privilege Name: Donna Marie Brown Date: July 26, 2015 Possible Points: 100 Confidentiality and Attorney- Client Privilege Donna Marie Brown Kaplan University Confidentiality and the Alton Logan Case “Sometimes trying to make wrongful conviction right, creates an ethical tension for civil and criminal attorneys. With any kind of practice, but mostly with criminal defense, a lawyer may learn from a client that they committed a crime ascribed to someone else. When an innocent person is faced with conviction, imprisonment, or in some cases, the death penalty, and the attorney is mindful of the injustice occurring to a third party, the lawyer is still bound by the rules of confidentiality to honor their commitment to their client.” (Strutin, 2015) And this begins the case with Mr. Alton Logan. In 1982, Alton Logan was convicted of killing a security guard at a Chicago-area McDonalds. Even though the testimony that Logan was at home when the murder happened, the jury still found him guilty of first degree murder And to top it off, the two attorneys, Dale Coventry and Jamie Kunz, knew Logan was innocent. And how did this knowledge come about? Andrew Wilson, the attorneys’ client, admitted to the murder. The two attorneys who were representing Wilson, for killing two policemen, was told by Wilson that he was also guilty of killing the security guard at...
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...Business research involves the systematic and objective process of gathering data and transforming it into useful information. The research process is not confined around a single universal methodology. Infact it differs from one research study to another depending on the purpose of the research, the industry/ sector of the client company concerned, the research method/ tools used etc. As the research process differs, researcher faces different problems and issues pertaining to the research at almost every stage of the research process. It is important to note that the research problems are more complicated in studies involving subjective issues such as customer satisfaction surveys because in such a study, the quality and effectiveness of the service/ product varies among different customers depending on the customer''s perceived value of the offering, their prefferences and varying needs and demands. One of the most common problem the researcher faces are budgetary constraints. This occurs in almost all the business researches regarless of the company sector, nature of the problem, the location where the study is conducted etc. However, budget constraints are higher when researches are conducted for SME (Small and medium enterprise) clients. Such clients have limited budget for such research activities as the company needs to ensure that the value generated by the research activity exceeds the cost involved in conducting the research. Depending on their project...
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...CHAPTER ONE Background to the Study In the rapidly changing system of health care, many different factors have affected and changed the perception about how health care is practiced today. The rights of patient are also affected. Patient rights have now become the center of attention in practice of medicine. Today, concerns about patients’ choice and the respect for their preferences, values and the access to medical care are getting more complex. The patients’ expectations are becoming higher and now they always want everything best (Rafique & Bhatti, 2014). Nurses are subject to numerous ethical and legal duties in their professional role, including the imperative to maintain patients’ privacy and confidentiality. Beginning in 1893, nurses take the Nightingale Pledge “I promise to do all in my power to maintain and elevate the standard of my profession, and hold in confidence all personal matters committed to my keeping and all family affairs coming to my knowledge in the practice of my calling” (Gretter, 2012). The duty continues today, with hospital policies, state regulations, and federal law aimed at protecting patients’ confidentiality. Critical care providers are often privy to confidential information in the course of clinical practice. The dilemma may arise when confidential information is requested by family members or friends of the patient. Although at times it seems that regulations and laws are so stringent that any disclosure of health care information is forbidden...
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...protecting the security and confidentiality of that information (Van der Aa, 2000). The areas addressed for HIPPA are: • Concerns that disclosure of patient medical records could result in embarrassment, insurance declination, loss of employment, or failure to be hired in a new job; • Increasing costs of data exchange in an incompatible and often competing standards environment to exchange administrative and financial data; • Implement processes and systems to reduce fraud (Van der Aa, 2000). HIPPA was signed into law, to help create a standard that will protect patient’s medical records and personal health records. This act is to help the health care employees have more control of a patient’s information and its privacy. This act also gives the patient the right to control their own information. Apart from the right to inspect, amend and correct their confidential health information, patients now have the right to control what information can be released and to whom (Van der Aa, 2000). The following case study is an opportunity to review ethical issues relative to confidentiality. This case study is a backdrop for the ethical analysis of issues by an administrator related to disclosing confidential information concerning an employee. An administrator has responsibilities that extend beyond patient medical information. The growth of information systems make one ethical concern that continually presents itself to the administrator is confidentiality of information, regardless...
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...Theories on Case 1.2 Abstract In this paper two chosen moral theories are being applied and analyzed on the provided case where John Smith, M.D., is a psychiatrist with a private practice. He has been extremely successful in helping child-abusing parents with his effective therapies but systematically refuses to report child-abuse cases to the authorities. This confidentiality has resulted into more abusive parents who were afraid of being reported to authorities and has avoided taking their child to the physicians (1). The leading idea here is to analyze the case on the basis of two ethical theories; Rule Utilitarianism and Kantian Ethics. Also to analyze the decisions and actions that pertains to the case on the basis of professional ethics issue. This will also focus on the questions below: * Identify the moral issue in the case * Analyze the case based on both the ethical issues and explain the insights into how the case and issue should be dealt with * What precisely should be the conclusion Moral Issue in the Case In this case John Smith, M.D., is a psychiatrist with a private practice. He has been extremely successful in helping child-abusing parents with his effective therapies but systematically refuses to report child-abuse cases to the authorities. Dr. Smith believes that by rigorously protecting confidentiality, he is able to help precisely those people who are most likely to injure their children. (1). Is rigorously protecting confidentiality in a profession...
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...CIS 462 WK 2 CASE STUDY 1 ACCEPTABLE USE POLICY To purchase this visit here: http://www.activitymode.com/product/cis-462-wk-2-case-study-1-acceptable-use-policy/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM CIS 462 WK 2 CASE STUDY 1 ACCEPTABLE USE POLICY CIS 462 WK 2 Case Study 1 - Acceptable Use Policy An Acceptable Use Policy (AUP) is a very important policy within organizations to define acceptable employee behavior when accessing company resources. Additionally, there are also legal implications within AUPs. Use an existing AUP that you are familiar with, such as from a current or previous workplace, or search on the Internet for an example AUP to complete this case study. Write a three to five (3-5) page paper in which you: 1. Describe the purpose of an Acceptable Use Policy you have selected and explain how the AUP helps provide confidentiality, integrity, and availability within the organization. 2. Critique the AUP you selected and provide recommendations for improving the AUP. 3. Explain methods that organizations can implement to help ensure compliance with the AUP, mitigate their risk exposure, and minimize liability. Describe how your selected AUP accomplishes these goals. More Details hidden... Activity mode aims to provide quality study notes and tutorials to the students of CIS 462 WK 2 Case Study 1 Acceptable Use Policy in order to ace their studies. CIS 462 WK 2 CASE STUDY 1 ACCEPTABLE USE POLICY To purchase this visit here: http://www.activitymode...
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...even more innovative and resourceful in coming up with ways to minimize the risk of participant identification where possible. Kamala, a second year psychology graduate student, is conducting a study that revolves around the bystander experience of sexual assault on campus. Kamala anticipates that some of her participants are involved in the recent cases of sexual assault on campus, and look forward to them sharing stories from their experience in the interview. However, a case like this, involves ethical consideration, challenges (to both the interviewer and the interviewee) and potential solutions. In terms of ethical consideration, sexual assault contains sensitive information. Interviewees may or may not have painful and unusual stories to tell, and...
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...aggression, including drug trafficking and abuse, robbery, and rape cases among other forms of violence necessitates the need for analyzing the roles of a correctional psychologist. The special roles played by the correctional psychologists such as providing environments that improve the safety of the staff and inmates, psychological services, inmate management, and conducting an evaluation of the inmate/prison population and its influence on inmates’ health necessitated the study into the topic. In addition, the fact that the correctional psychology has numerous ethical dilemmas and conflicts makes it wanting to study the topic. Introduction Today, corrections are a complex, high profile operation, which consumes a significant portion of the federal operating budget. This paper will concentrate on the duties of a correctional psychologist. The paper begins with an overview of legal issues pertinent to psychological concepts and legal rights of inmates. We then examine the practice of forensic psychology in the correctional environment. Legal issues This section describes the common legal issues facing psychologists working in correctional facilities. The issues have been organized around the principles of American Psychological Association (APA) ethics code. Correctional psychologists see the criminal as a customer. In whichever scenario, the level of confidentiality that a customer anticipates in a psychologist is smaller than...
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