...Updates and corrections to the textbook and Study Guide PowerPoint slides Links to other relevant web sites A short on-line survey ($100 cash prize available) Instructions on how to install the 2008 ProFile program and download updated sample tax returns and Cases when the updated ProFile software is available in January, 2009 A “Guide to Using Your Student CD-ROM" How To Work Through Chapter One We recommend the following approach in dealing with the material in this chapter: The Canadian Tax System r Read the text pages 1 - 3 (paragraph 1-1 through 1-11). r Complete Exercise One-1 on page 3 of the text. The solution is on page S-3 of this Study Guide. All solutions to Exercises and Self Study Problems and Cases can be found in this Study Guide and the page numbers all start with the prefix S-. Read the text pages 3 - 4 (paragraph 1-12 through 1-16). Complete Exercise One-2 on page 4 of the text. The solution is on page S-3. Read the text pages 4 - 5 (paragraph 1-17 through 1-22). r r r Tax Policy Concepts r Read the text pages 5 - 6 (paragraph 1-23 through 1-25). r r r r Complete Exercise One-3 on page 6 of the text. The solution is on page S-3. Complete Self Study Problem One-1 on page 30 of the text. The solution is on page S-4. Read the text pages 6 - 7 (paragraph 1-26 through 1-31). Complete Self Study Problem One-2 on page 30 of the text. The solution is on page S-4. Canadian Tax Principles 2008/2009 - Study Guide S-1 How To Work Through Chapter...
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...Course Schedule Course Modules Review and Practice Exam Preparation Resources Module 10: Transfers of property among family members Overview The transfer of property between persons not dealing at arm’s length is one of the elements that must be considered in taxation to ensure that there are no unexpected tax consequences. The ITA contains rules to prevent tax benefits inconsistent with the spirit of the ITA when people are not dealing with each other at arm’s length. These rules apply mainly where the beneficiary of the transfer or loan of property does not give the transferor sufficient consideration or there is an unacceptable attempt to split income. To reduce taxes on death, the situation can be planned by carrying out an estate freeze, which involves estimating the taxes payable on death and limiting them to this estimate. This module describes some different freezing techniques that are available. Module 10 focuses on (1) your technical knowledge in taxation, and (2) your professionalism in respect to the integrative approach. The technical material mainly focuses on the tax treatment of gifts and non-arm’s length transactions, the attribution rules that limit the ability to split income within a family unit to take advantage of the progressive tax rates, and the usefulness of the estate freeze mechanism for reducing taxes on transferring wealth to the next generation. From an integrative perspective, professionalism includes relations with...
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...first time. In the opinion of Nakamoto, the major problem with conventional currency today and discussed the easiness of bitcoins.1 In a nutshell, Bitcoin is an electronic cash system started in 2009. Therefore, it is new to the market. Still most of the countries have been studying the system and how it operates. But it is not fully accepted in a lot of countries as a legal tender. There are more than hundred thousand vendors in the market today who accepts bitcoins as a currency. There are more than sixty thousand in the USA.2 However, until March, 2014 IRS notice 2014-21 came into operation; the bitcoin was treated as currency in the USA for tax purposes. But thereafter, bitcoin is considered as a property, and gain and losses generate from bitcoins are considered as a capital gain or loss.3 However, existing tax laws provide a measure of guidance as to reporting and tax treatment for bitcoin transactions but still there are doubts among the users of bitcoin for proper treatment for tax purposes. Thus, the basic objective of this paper is to...
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...taxation of shareholder benefits and loans and of deemed dividends arising from a number of transactions affecting a corporation’s share capital, such as the redemption, purchase, or cancellation of shares by the corporation. The module also discusses ethical problems related to tax planning and gives a few practical tips on writing a tax opinion. At the end of this module, you should be able to evaluate the tax implications of proposed and completed transactions and design and advise on tax planning when shareholder benefits, loans, and deemed dividends are involved. You should also be able to prepare a specific purpose report using clear, communicative, and professional language, and apply a high level of professional judgment and ethical standards. Notes Unless otherwise indicated, for purposes of this module, a corporation means a taxable corporation [subsection 89(1)] resident in Canada and a shareholder [subsection 248(1)] refers to a person resident in Canada, whether an individual or a corporation. Review Before starting this module, you should review the following concepts: taxation of salary and dividends: sections 5 to 8, paragraph 12(1)(j), section 82, section 121, and subsection 89(1), “general rate income pool,” “low rate income pool,” “eligible dividend” capital dividend account: subsection 83(2) and subsection 89(1), “capital dividend account” arm’s length: section 251 These were covered in Personal & Corporate Taxation [TX1] Modules 4, 5, and 8. Test your...
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...Singapore Airline & Delta Airline Introduction Property, Plant, and Equipment (PP&E) is a significant asset category of most airline companies. PP&E usually contains more than 50% of the total assets of an airline. The depreciation of these assets is a major operating expense. The proper depreciation of PP&E in companies, such as airline with PP&E being a significant part of their assets, plays an important role in their accounting strategies. The large variation in the way of determining the depreciation expenses affects a company’s financial results and tax consequence largely. Applying reasonable yet favorable depreciation methods and assumptions is essential to a sound accounting practice. In the below comparison of the depreciation methods and assumptions used by Delta Airline and Singapore Airline, one can see the means of making different assumptions for the best interest of each business. Annual depreciation expense (1) The two airlines Delta and Singapore use significantly different methods when accounting for the depreciation of their aircraft. Delta Airlines now uses a 20 year straight line depreciation method down to a 5% salvage value. This will spread out the expense of plane ownership over a longer time, lessening pressures on the balance sheet. The 5% salvage value represents what the airline can reasonably expect to liquidate the planes for. Singapore Airlines, on the other hand, uses a 10 year straight line depreciating method to account...
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...its online and retail stores. iPhone iPhone is the company’s line of smartphones that combines a phone, music player, and Internet device in one product, and is based on the company’s iOS Multi-Touch operating system. Table of Contents Analysis Annual Report for Apple, Inc...........................................................................................1 Works Cited........................................................................................................................... The position of this research paper is to conduct the financial analysis of the Apple Company. The financial analysis of the Apple is based on the financial statement property and equipment, goodwill, intangible assets, depreciation methods, current liabilities, long-term liabilities, bonds payable, and capital leases. Apple Inc. is a company which is formed with the philosophy of continuous innovation. Unlike any other...
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...Glossary Notes: Note 1: CICA Part I applies to publicly accountable enterprises, CICA Part II ASPE applies to private enterprises; CICA Part III ASNFPO applies to not-for-profit organizations. CICA Part IV ASPP applies to pension plans. For governments and government organizations, see under Public Sector Accounting (PSA) Handbook for details of what applies. Note 2: Part II and V Definitions may not be identical — check the CICA Handbook — Accounting. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Abnormal earnings Also referred to as unexpected earnings. Differences between the expected value of earnings and the actual realized. Absorption costing Absorption costing is a method of assigning costs to inventory. It includes fixed overhead costs in addition to variable overhead costs added to direct materials and direct labour to calculate unit cost. Accelerated amortization Accelerated amortization is a method of allocating the cost of an asset in which the annual amortization amounts are larger in an asset’s early years and decrease over time. An example of accelerated amortization would be the double-declining balance method. Access controls Procedures designed to restrict access to online terminal devices, programs, and data. Access controls consist of ”user authentication” and ”user authorization.” Account Place within an accounting system where the increases and decreases in a specific asset, liability, owner’s equity, revenue, or expense are recorded...
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...Glossary Notes: Note 1: CPA Canada Handbook Part I applies to publicly accountable enterprises, CPA Canada Handbook Part II ASPE applies to private enterprises; CPA Canada Handbook Part III ASNFPO applies to not-for-profit organizations. CPA Canada Handbook Part IV ASPP applies to pension plans. For governments and government organizations, see under Public Sector Accounting (PSA) Handbook for details of what applies. Note 2: Part II and V Definitions may not be identical — check the CPA Canada Handbook – Accounting. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Abnormal earnings Also referred to as unexpected earnings. Differences between the expected value of earnings and the actual realized. Absorption costing Absorption costing is a method of assigning costs to inventory. It includes fixed overhead costs in addition to variable overhead costs added to direct materials and direct labour to calculate unit cost. Accelerated depreciation Accelerated depreciation is a method of allocating the cost of an asset in which the annual depreciation amounts are larger in an asset’s early years and decrease over time. An example of accelerated depreciation would be the double-declining balance method. Access controls Procedures designed to restrict access to online terminal devices, programs, and data. Access controls consist of ”user authentication” and ”user authorization.” Account Place within an accounting system where the increases and decreases in a specific...
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...TEACHER’S MANUAL to accompany CASES AND MATERIALS ON TAXATION OF BUSINESS ENTERPRISES Second Edition By Glenn E. Coven Mills E. Godwin Professor of Law College of William and Mary Robert J. Peroni Robert Kramer Research Professor of Law The George Washington University Richard Crawford Pugh Distinguished Professor of Law University of San Diego AMERICAN CASEBOOK SERIES® ® WEST GROUP A THOMSON COMPANY ST. PAUL, MINN., 2002 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Note to prior users: The order of this chapter has been revised. Users who wish to skip the introductory material and begin with the check-the-box regulations may now begin with paragraph 1075. [¶ 1000] A. HISTORY OF THE CORPORATE INCOME TAX This paragraph briefly summarizes the history of the corporate income tax. Some instructors may want to note here that the top corporate income tax rate reached a zenith in 1951 of 52 percent, before being reduced in 1964 to 48 percent, in 1978 to 46 percent, in 1986 to 34 percent (except for corporations with taxable incomes within a specified range that are subject to a top effective marginal rate of 39 percent). The maximum rate was raised in 1993 to 35 percent but only for a relative handful of generally publicly owned corporations earning over $10 million annually. [¶ 1005] B. COMPUTATION OF C CORPORATION'S TAXABLE INCOME This paragraph discusses the computation of a C corporation's taxable...
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...TEACHER’S MANUAL to accompany CASES AND MATERIALS ON TAXATION OF BUSINESS ENTERPRISES Second Edition By Glenn E. Coven Mills E. Godwin Professor of Law College of William and Mary Robert J. Peroni Robert Kramer Research Professor of Law The George Washington University Richard Crawford Pugh Distinguished Professor of Law University of San Diego AMERICAN CASEBOOK SERIES® ® WEST GROUP A THOMSON COMPANY ST. PAUL, MINN., 2002 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Note to prior users: The order of this chapter has been revised. Users who wish to skip the introductory material and begin with the check-the-box regulations may now begin with paragraph 1075. [¶ 1000] A. HISTORY OF THE CORPORATE INCOME TAX This paragraph briefly summarizes the history of the corporate income tax. Some instructors may want to note here that the top corporate income tax rate reached a zenith in 1951 of 52 percent, before being reduced in 1964 to 48 percent, in 1978 to 46 percent, in 1986 to 34 percent (except for corporations with taxable incomes within a specified range that are subject to a top effective marginal rate of 39 percent). The maximum rate was raised in 1993 to 35 percent but only for a relative handful of generally publicly owned corporations earning over $10 million annually. [¶ 1005] B. COMPUTATION OF C CORPORATION'S TAXABLE INCOME This paragraph discusses the computation of a C corporation's taxable...
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...I. Introduction: A. Introduction: 1. Suggestions from Utzman on approaching this class: a. This is a statutory class—Before reading each section in the textbook, read the code to get a flavor of what it contains. b. Also, read the regulations to get a flavor of what it contains. c. Then, go back and read the code and the regulations after being taught. 2. In tax, everything is income—Then you exclude some thing to get an adjusted income—Then you take deductions to figure out taxable income. II. Identification of Income Subject to Taxation: A. Gross Income: The Scope of Section 61: 1. We need a definition of income because of due process concerns—We need a law that everybody recognizes. 2. WHAT IS INCOME? a. §61 defines gross income as “all income from whatever source derived.” 1) §61 lists 15 specific items that are considered income. b. Cesarini v. United States: The Cesarinis found $4,467 in cash in a used piano purchased by them. 1) The court held that the found money is taxable as ordinary income in the year in which the taxpayer attains uncontested possession of it. 2) INCOME: Treasure Trove: It is considered income in the year that it is reduced to undisputed possession. ...
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...ATENEO CENTRAL BAR OPERATIONS 2007 Taxation Law SUMMER REVIEWER PART I – GENERAL PRINCIPLES TAXATION – power inherent in every sovereign State to impose a charge or burden upon persons, properties, or rights to raise revenues for the use and support of the government to enable it to discharge its appropriate functions SCOPE OF TAXATION TAXATION IS: Unlimited, Far-reaching, Plenary Comprehensive Supreme STAGES OF TAXATION: (LAP) 1. Levy 2. Assessment 3. Payment Basic Principles of a Sound Tax System 1. Fiscal Adequacy 2. Theoretical Justice 3. Administrative Feasibility INHERENT LIMITATIONS (SPING) 1) Situs or territoriality of taxation 2) Must be for a Public purpose • Test is whether proceeds will be used for something which is the duty of the State to provide. • Legislature is not required to adopt a policy of “all or none.” • Incidental benefit to individual does not defeat exemption 3) International comity • Property of a foreign State of government may not be taxed by another 4) Non-delegability of the taxing power • Contemplates power to QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor determine kind,thisobject, extent, are needed to see picture. amount, coverage, and situs of tax; • Distinguish from power to assess and collect • Exemptions: (a) presidential taxing powers; (b) local governments 5) Exemptions of Government agencies • Taking money from one pocket • to the other Applies only to entities exercising government functions (acta jure imperii) CONSTITUTIONAL...
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...PARTNERSHIP AND SUBCHAPTER S TAX OUTLINE SPRING 2009 VICE PRESIDENT, ASSOCIATE DEAN, AND PROFESSOR BRUCE A. MCGOVERN Stephen A. Lind et al, Fundamentals of Partnership Taxation: Cases and Materials (8th ed. 2008) Selected Federal Taxation Statutes and Regulations (Daniel J. Lathrope ed., 2009 ed. 2008) Laura E. Cunningham & Noël B. Cunningham, The Logic of Subchapter K: A Conceptual Guide to the Taxation of Partnerships (3d ed. 2006) PART 1: AN OVERVIEW OF THE TAXATION OF PARTNERSHIPS AND PARTNERS 3 I. Introduction to Subchapter K 3 II. Tax Classification of Business Enterprises 3 a. In General 3 b. Corporations and Partnerships 3 i. “Check-the-Box” Regulations 3 ii. Existence of a Separate Entity for Federal Tax Purposes 4 iii. Publicly Traded Partnerships 6 c. Trusts 6 d. Tax Policy Considerations 6 III. Introduction to Choice of Business Entity 7 PART 2: FORMATION OF A PARTNERSHIP 8 I. Contributions of Property 8 a. General Rules 8 b. Introduction to Partnership Accounting 11 II. Treatment of Liabilities: The Basics 15 a. Impact of Liabilities on Partner’s Outside Basis 15 b. Contributions of Encumbered Property 16 III. Contributions of Services 23 a. Introduction 23 b. Receipt of Capital Interest for Services 24 c. Receipt of a Profits Interest for Services 30 i. Current Law 30 ii. Proposed Regulations 31 IV. Organization and Syndication Expenses 32 PART 3: OPERATIONS...
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...Financial Statement Analysis of salesforce.com, inc. Prepared by Michael J. Bennett For DeVry University’s ACCT305 Intermediate Accounting II Table of Contents: Introduction ................................................................................... 3 Report- Property and Equipment ................................................... 4 Report- Intangible Assets and Goodwill ......................................... 5 Report- Depreciation ..................................................................... 6 Report- Impairment ....................................................................... 7 Report- Current Liabilities .............................................................. 7 Report- Long-Term Liabilities ........................................................ 8 Report- Bonds Payable ................................................................. 8 Report- Capital Leases.................................................................. 9 Conclusion .................................................................................... 9 Works Cited ................................................................................. 10 2|Page Introduction In their 2012 fiscal year Salesforce.com added its third consecutive title as the king of Enterprise Suite CRM. In addition to this, it took home the title of the top CRM provider for Midmarket Suite, Small Business Suite, and Sales Force Automation, clearing out the awards list and defeating...
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...THE ECONOMIC RECORD, VOL. 81, NO. 255, AUGUST, 2005, S2–S21 Economics of Social Capital∗ PARTHA DASGUPTA Frank Ramsey Professor of Economics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK The literature on the idea of ‘social capital’ is now enormous. Offering an alternative to impersonal markets and coercive states, the communitarian institutions built around social capital have looked attractive to scholars in the humanities and social sciences. The literature in consequence has a warm glow to it. In this article, I first study the various contexts in which the promises people make to one another are credible and then suggest that the accumulation of social capital is a possible route to creating such a context. I offer a tight definition of social capital – namely, interpersonal networks – so as not to prejudge its ability to enhance human well-being. The links between the microfoundations of social capital and the macroeconomic performance of economies are then studied. I also show that economic theory not only identifies circumstances in which communitarian institutions can function well, but that it also uncovers a dark side, namely, their capicity to permit one group to exploit another within long-term relationships. I felt greatly honoured on receiving the invitation to deliver the R.C. Mills Memorial Lecture at this conference. Now that I am actually about to deliver it, I feel even more honoured. You will appreciate that the invitation raised a problem for me: given...
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