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Case Study Puma

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CASE STUDY :

PUMA

Sébastien JAUNIN
Thomas KEIGNART

Année 2013 - 2014

La marque PUMA

Fondée en 1924 par les frères Rudolf et Adolf Dassler, la PUMA Schuhfabrik Rudolf Dassler fabrique des chaussures de sport, des vêtements sportifs ainsi que des accessoires. Depuis 2007, la société est détenue par le groupe PPR. En 2012, la marque a été reconnue comme l’une des plus performantes au monde en termes d’écologie, d’éthique et de gouvernance managériale.

Analyse interne : propriétés de la marque

PUMA est avant tout une histoire de famille. D'origine allemande et cordonniers de père en fils, les deux frères Rudolf et Adolf Dassler fondent ensemble, dès 1924, la société de chaussures Gebrüder Dassler Schuhfabrik. Après s’être enrôlés durant la Seconde Guerre Mondiale, les deux frères se séparent:
Adolf fonde Adidas et Rudolf, Puma en 1948.

Historique de la marque en quelques dates 1948 : Création de PUMA Schuhfabrik par Rudolf Dassler, ainsi que du premier logo de la marque, et présentation de PUMA ATOM, première chaussure de football de la marque.1950 : Création et commercialisation des premières chaussures de sport à crampons1952 : Première médaille d'or sous les couleurs de la marque, remportée par Josef Barthel de Luxembourg (1500m, à Helsinki en Finlande) et lancement du SUPER ATOM1993 : Jochen Zeitz devient Président Directeur Général de la société1998 : Avec la collaboration du designer Jil Sander, PUMA lance une nouvelle collection de vêtements de sport qui allie sport et mode.2000 : Premier magasin en ligne sur www.puma.com2004 : Le célèbre designer Philippe Starck met son talent au service de la marque2007 : Rachat par le groupe PPR2009 : collaboration avec la prestigieuse maison de couture Yves Saint Laurent |
Source: Histoire de Puma, Puretrend.com

Le siège social de la marque se trouve à Herzogenaurach en Allemagne et compte 9.310 salariés. En 2010, le chiffre d’affaires s’élève à 306,8 millions d’euros et le résultat net est de 202,2 millions d’euros (bénéfices).

Prisme de l’identité de la marque Puma

- Physique :
La marque Puma est avant tout représentée par son logo, un puma en mouvement. En effet ce félin d’Amérique du sud est réputé pour ses prouesses en matière de saut ce qui crée une corrélation évidente avec le monde du sport

- Personnalité
La marque Puma avec ses nouvelles campagnes de communication se place maintenant sur le segment du plaisir et de la convivialité dans le domaine du sport; plus seulement sur la directive de la performance souvent imposée dans ce secteur. C’est donc dans se sens là que la marque fût incarné par des personnages tels que Maradona, Pelé, ou encore Boris Becker.

- Culture
La culture de la marque Puma est centrée autour des valeurs même du sport, l’esprit d’équipe, la performance, mais surtout la convivialité d’un moment autour d’un sport donné. Dès lors, le partage et la sympathie sont des valeurs essentielles à la construction de la culture de la marque.

- Relation
La relation à la marque Puma, malgré les évolutions de la dernière décennie, reste une relation simple, de partage des valeurs de la marque et de sympathie.

- Reflet
La marque Puma veut donner comme image le reflet d’une personne dynamique, qui pratique le sport régulièrement que ce soit dans un objectif de performance, ou simplement de détente. Il s’agit là de montrer que les consommateurs de la marque l’achète pour porter des vêtements adapté à la détente (la gamme lifestyle), au sport (sportswear) et qui sont également liés à un aspect mode.

- Mentalisation
De fait les consommateurs de la marque veulent se mettre en avant comme des personnes adapté à une vie sportive, mais également détendue. Ils se sentent à l’aise dans les vêtements qu’ils portent et qui sont de fait adaptés à la vie de tous les jours. Le consommateur souhaite être perçu comme quelqu’un de polyvalent tout en restant dans une optique de mode.

Analyse composantes de la marque :

- Le nom : PUMA
Le nom vient de l’animal le puma. Cet animal vit essentiellement en Amérique et plus particulièrement en Amérique du Sud. Il est réputé pour ses prouesses en matière de saut et de course.
De fait le choix de ce nom pour la marque de vêtements et articles sportif est justifié dans le sens ou il représente la performance sportive et l’aspect animal qui sommeil en chacun des consommateurs.

- Le logo :
La marque a donc choisi de mettre en avant, tout comme le nom, l’animal pour être représenté visuellement par son logo et ainsi avoir des valeurs uniques et transmises à la fois verbalement et visuellement. Territoire de marque
Le territoire de marque est un terme pouvant être abordé de deux différentes manières :
- L’ensemble des éléments constitutifs de l’univers de la marque. Dans ce cas, le territoire de marque de Puma sera illustré par des valeurs comme l’éco-responsabilité, pour laquelle Puma s’est démarqué en optant pour des boîtes à chaussures plus respectueuse de l’environnement. De manière plus « abstraite », Puma est caractérisé par la vitesse, le style de vie effréné et en constant mouvement (via ses sponsorings, cf. Usain Bolt) et le lifestyle (là où Puma compte le moins de retard sur les deux leaders du marché du sportwear, Nike et Adidas).

- L’ensemble des marchés sur lesquelles, la marque est présente. A la base, Puma est un équipementier sportif ; il est donc logique de les retrouver dans différents sports (à savoir ; le football, l’athlétisme, la fitness, le golf, la voile, la course automobile, le rugby, le cricket).
Mais l’évolution de la mode a conduit au port de vêtements sportswear dans la vie de tous les jours. Surfant ce sur ce succès, les marques développent aujourd’hui des gammes « lifestyle » uniquement consacré à ce nouveau créneau (mode + sport). Puma ne déroge pas à la règle avec

Les trois domaines d’activités stratégiques (DAS)

Les domaines d’activités stratégiques de Puma sont relativement proches de son territoire de marque. En effet les deux principaux DAS de Puma sont le sportswear (lié à la pratique sportive) et le lifestyle (lié à une utilisation plus basique ; le vêtement habille).
Il est néanmoins possible de détailler ces deux DAS, chacun se segmentant en 3 parties:
- Chaussures
- Textiles
- Accessoires

Politique de segmentation territoriale de Puma
Puma a choisi d’opter pour une segmentation géographique, afin de pouvoir comprendre les différences/spécificités régionales et répondre au mieux aux attentes de ses clients. Ainsi chaque « division pays » dispose de sa propre direction et donc de ses propres choix de distribution, de communication, …
Selon La Tribune, Puma justifie ce choix par le fait que « le responsable de division a les moyens :
- d'analyser la position stratégique de son unité ;
- de préparer les orientations stratégiques ;
- d’en contrôler la réalisation ;
- de conduire la gestion quotidienne de son unité »
Les activités de la marque sont organisées selon trois régions géographiques: Europe (Europe, Moyen-Orient, Afrique, Amérique (Etats-Unis, Canada, Amérique Latine) et Asie-Pacifique.

Marketing Mix de Puma

Le marketing Mix peut être défini comme étant l’ensemble de décisions prises par une entreprise qui réagit sur le Produit, le Prix, la Distribution et la Publicité (communication) afin que le produit soit en adéquation avec l’attente du marché et des consommateurs. Définissons le marketing Mix de l’entreprise Puma à travers les 4 P : «Product, Price, Placement, Promotion».

· - Produit : La politique de produit permet de définir les caractéristiques du produit afin que le produit final soit en adéquation avec l’attente du marché. Puma présente une large gamme de chaussures de sport, vêtements de sport et accessoires. La gamme Puma Black Label comprend également des produits en collaboration avec des créateurs reconnus tels que Alexander Mcqueen ou Hussein Chalayan. A noter que le groupe Puma possède les marques Puma, Tretorn et Hussein Chalayan.

- Prix : La politique de prix prend en compte le coût de revient du produit suivant la politique commerciale et la clientèle visée. Concernant sa politique de prix, Puma a pour but de rester compétitif face aux autres marques de sportswear telles que Nike, Adidas ou Reebok.

· - Distribution : la politique de distribution est l’ensemble du processus qui permet d’amener le produit jusqu’au consommateur final en tenant compte de la place où il sera vendu. Les produits Puma sont essentiellement distribués dans des magasins multi-marques tels que Courir, Interport ou Decathlon. Mais Puma possède également sa propre chaîne de distribution avec un univers très représentatif de la marque. En effet, les magasins Puma dégage une ambiance énergique tout en faisant la promotion le style urbain, incitant ainsi les achats réguliers. Puma développe au sein de sa chaîne un design propre à l’esprit de la marque mais il faut noter que chaque franchise s’adapte à la culture locale de chaque pays.

- Publicité : La politique de publicité met en place tous les outils de communication disponibles au sein de l’entreprise pour faire connaitre et informer les consommateurs des avantages du produit. Concernant sa politique de communication, Puma choisit la plupart du temps des personnalités issus du monde du sport comme ambassadeurs.
Les campagnes de communication de Puma apparaissent soit dans des magazines ou soit à travers des spots publicitaires. La marque utilise à plusieurs reprises des animaux qui entrent en interaction avec les produits de marque afin de rappeler le logo de la marque.

Pour que le marketing Mix soit efficace, l’ensemble des 4 points précédents doit être cohérent. De plus le mix entre les 4P doit être bien dosé pour que le résultat soit en adéquation avec le résultat espéré.

Actions et limites durant ces 5 dernières années :

En mars 2012 pour relancer la machine, Puma, inventeur du «sport lifestyle», style sportif au quotidien, tire une autre leçon du passé: son offre n'était pas assez «cool». Grâce à une campagne via Facebook et en magasins, Puma séduit de nouveau les jeunes: fléchettes et baby-foot les accueillent dans de nouveaux concept stores.

Le 4 octobre dernier, le directeur général du groupe PPR déclarait à propos de PUMA, « la marque est formidable, les résultats pas du tout ». L’objectif est de relancer l’activité économique de la marque mais un des problème lié à celle-ci reste la confusion du consommateur, en effet, il y a trop souvent confusion entre le sport-performance et le life-style . Ces dernières années, la marque Puma avait trop intimement lié l'ensemble de ses vêtements et chaussures, qu'ils soient destinés à la pratique sportive ou à un usage plus mode. Le groupe veut « clarifier les produits » suivant leur usage.
Ce repositionnement fait parti d'un plus vaste plan de réduction des coûts et fait suite à de mauvaises performances financière.

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