...Proyecto de auditoría de Inditex Charlotte Poincot – Alice Lepeu – Charlotte Leservoisier – Matthieu Corhillons FASE 1 : Presentación de la empresa y aplicación del concepto RSC I) Descripción de la actividad a. El Grupo Inditex El Grupo Inditex es una empresa domiciliada en España creada por Amancio Ortega Goana en 1985. Inditex es la sociedad cabecera de un grupo de empresas (Zara, Pull & Bear, Massimo Dutti, Bershka, Stradivarius, Oysho, Zara Home y Uterqüe) cuya actividad principal es la distribución de artículos de moda, esencialmente ropa, calzado y productos textiles para el hogar. El modelo de negocio de Inditex se caracteriza por la búsqueda de flexibilidad en la adaptación de la producción a la demanda del mercado, mediante el control de la cadena de suministro en las fases de diseño, fabricación y distribución. b. El volumen de negocios En 2014, el volumen de negocio alcanzo un 18.117 millones de euros, pues aumento por un 8% comparado al año 2013. Por otro lado, los resultados del primer semestre de 2015 del grupo mostraron un crecimiento de las ventas de un 16,5%. El beneficio creció por un 28% más que en el primer trimestre del ejercicio 2014. En 2014, 19% de las ventas se realizaron en España y 46% en Europa (sin España). c. Lugares de acción Inditex es una empresa global con presencia en los cinco continentes aunque Europa continua siendo una región prioritaria para Inditex, porque este mercado representa...
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...INTERNATIONALISATION OF THE SPANISH FASHION BRAND ZARA Carmen Lopez Ying Fan Brunel Business School Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management (2009), 13:2, 279-296 INTRODUCTION Zara is one of the world’s most successful fashion retailers operating in 59 countries. However, there is little research about the firm in English as the majority of publications have been written in Spanish. This paper seeks to address this gap in the literature by examining the internationalisation process of Zara. This study adopts an in-depth case approach based on extensive secondary research. Literature published in both English and Spanish has been reviewed, including company documents such as annual reports. The paper starts with a brief overview of the global textile and clothing industry, followed by the case study of Zara. The main part of the case examines the key aspects in the internationalisation of Zara namely: motives for internationalisation, market selection, entry strategies, and international marketing strategies. In the final section, comparisons are made between Zara and two of its main competitors, H&M and Gap. The global textile and clothing industry The removal of all import quotas in the textile and clothing industry from January 2005, involving the unrestricted access of all members of the World Trade Organization (WTO) to the European, American and Canadian markets is considered a key driving force in the development of the clothing sector (Keenan, et al., 2004). This...
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...INTERNATIONALISATION OF THE SPANISH FASHION BRAND ZARA Carmen Lopez Ying Fan Brunel Business School Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management (2009), 13:2, 279-296 INTRODUCTION Zara is one of the world’s most successful fashion retailers operating in 59 countries. However, there is little research about the firm in English as the majority of publications have been written in Spanish. This paper seeks to address this gap in the literature by examining the internationalisation process of Zara. This study adopts an in-depth case approach based on extensive secondary research. Literature published in both English and Spanish has been reviewed, including company documents such as annual reports. The paper starts with a brief overview of the global textile and clothing industry, followed by the case study of Zara. The main part of the case examines the key aspects in the internationalisation of Zara namely: motives for internationalisation, market selection, entry strategies, and international marketing strategies. In the final section, comparisons are made between Zara and two of its main competitors, H&M and Gap. The global textile and clothing industry The removal of all import quotas in the textile and clothing industry from January 2005, involving the unrestricted access of all members of the World Trade Organization (WTO) to the European, American and Canadian markets is considered a key driving force in the development of the clothing sector (Keenan, et al., 2004). This...
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...Discusión al Caso: “Zara, Moda rápida” Inditex un minorista de ropa que centra sus operaciones en España, propietaria de Zara, una tienda especializada en moda que tiene una estructura de respuesta rápida a la moda mediante un sistema de creación de nuevos diseños de moda atreves de la observación y el estudio de gustos y preferencias de las personas en los mercados locales e internacionales. Con más de 507 tiendas en el mundo, Inditex busca incrementar su mercado internacional aprovechando la ventaja competitiva de Zara y el amplio conocimiento del negocio. La industria de la Moda. Es importante señalar como se encuentra el sector en donde Zara está compitiendo actualmente, mediante el análisis del modelo de ADDING, se identificará fuentes de creación o destrucción de valor en entornos globales y que puede ganar o perder una empresa de la industria al momento de internacionalizarse. Adding volume or growth, Si una empresa compite a nivel internacional, puede alcanzar economías de escala mediante la utilización de I+D en el diseño de nuevos productos, en la optimización de la producción al tener productos estandarizados y el transporte. Se puede determinar que esta industria puede alcanzar economías de alcance en la elaboración de los insumos de los productos. Se puede tener economías de escala en marketing Decreasing cost Para la industria existen oportunidades de reducción de sus costos principalmente en la optimización de su mano de obra. Al ser esta industria...
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...Caso Zara Rapid Fire Fulfillment Introducción - Zara se fundó en base a una cancelación de orden por un distribuidor mayorista en 1975 - Zara ahora cuenta con 650 tiendas en 50 paises - Entre 1991 y 2003, Inditex, registro un aumento en sus ventas de 12%, y en sus utilidades en 14% - El fundador trabaja bajo la filosofía de “controlar todo lo relacionado con el producto desde su fabricación hasta la compra final del cliente” - Tiempo de entrega por prenda nueva (Diseño, producción y entrega): 15 días - Estrategia de Negocio: Ofrecer prendas de moda confeccionada con materiales y costos bajos. - Prácticas actuales de manejo SCM: o Produce 50% de sus prendas internamente o No utiliza el 100% de su capacidad, mantiene capacidad extra para eventualidades o No utiliza economía de escalas (grandes lotes, costos bajos) ▪ Lotes pequeños, alta variedad o Diseña, Almacena, Distribye y realiza todas las actividades logísticas por su cuenta o Las operaciones tampoco son convencionales - Principios básicos de operación de Inditex: o Canales de comunicación fluidos y eficientes o Ritmo de trabajo constante a través de cadena de suministros o Aprovechamiento de sus Activos - Canales de comunicación fluidos y eficientes o Punto crítico de la industria “Moda Rápida”: Alta velocidad de intercambio de información...
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...CASO INDITEX S.A. La industria textil y de confección posicionado como el segundo sector industrial más importante de España en los noventas, se componía de una manera fragmentada con un 20% de mayoristas y el restante dirigido al consumidor final, este 20% significaba el 80% de las ventas del sector, lo que demuestra la importancia de los grandes distribuidores que se encontraban abriendo nuevos mercados con la exportación de sus productos, debido a la disminución de laimportancia relativa del gasto donde la internacionalización se visualizaba como una gran oportunidad de mayor crecimiento y el aumento del peso de las importancia (mano de obra barata) presentaban condiciones cada vez más competitivas. Por otro lado, la tecnología en producción y mano de obra económica hacia que se optimizará la producción, logrando dar competitividad y flexibilidad en precios como consecuencia de los bajos costos de producción. En Europa grandes competidores se encontraban en su auge manteniendo su enfoque en la moda, la flexibilidad y la calidad, con una productividad que dependía del manejo de sus alianzas en producción y demás. Tradicionales y nuevos competidores se mantenían en el sector planeando ventajas competitivas que los diferenciaran ya sea en diseño, producción o distribución, diferentes formas de llegar al consumidos final a través de canales que cada día se posicionaban mejor según los intereses del mercado, tiendas de diseño, como por especialidad y departamentales o selectivo...
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...MANAGING INFORMATION SYSTEMS Introduction: Amancio Ortega, had a simple idea of linking customer demand to manufacturing and manufacturing with distribution, when creating ZARA in 1975 in la Coruña, Spain Zara came under the holding company Inditex in the year 1985 and is today the biggest fashion brand of the group. Zara believes that the prime factors for running a successful business are quick response to customers, use of computers, and disintegrated decision-making (McAfee, Dessain, & Sjoman, 2007) Inditex has a total of 1,558 stores operating in 45 countries out of which 550 stores are of Zara. Inditex’s major sales contribution is Zara accounting for 73.3%. Zara presents new style clothes for Men, Women, and Children along with reasonable prices. (McAfee, Dessain, & Sjoman, 2007) Women clothing accounts for 60% of Zara’s revenue. It has built up a business model to sell the garments by following trends and style, with virtually no advertising and trust the choices of store managers which is called as "commercials" on what garments should to be in stores. (McAfee, Dessain, & Sjoman, 2007) Value Chain Model: Zara currently uses the value chain model (concept originally proposed by Michael Porter), which is helpful to access areas of weakness and strengthen them to achieve profit and competitive edge. This model helps decision-making that can implement IT or add value to the products and services. The chain mainly consists of six Primary activities...
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...INTRODUCCION: En 1974 nació la primera tienda Zara, en Coruña propiedad del grupo Inditex, uno de los mayores grupos de distribución. Es una empresa que está integrada verticalmente en una proporción muy alta y está orientada a la satisfacción de los clientes por medio de diseños atractivos y precios bajos. Otras marcas manejadas por INDITEX serian Pull & Bear, Massimo Dutti, Bershka, Stradivarius, Oysho, Zara Home, Tempe y Uterqüe. Zara cuentan con más de 1.000 tiendas ubicadas en zonas comerciales estratégicas de más de 60 países de Europa, Asia y América. Tales como : En América: Argentina, Brasil, Canadá, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Estados Unidos, Guatemala, Honduras, México, Panamá, República Dominicana, Uruguay, Venezuela. En Asia: China, Corea del Sur, Filipinas, Indonesia, Japón, Malasia, Singapur, Tailandia. En Europa: Alemania, Andorra, Austria, Bélgica, Chipre, Croacia, Dinamarca, Eslovaquia, Eslovenia, España, Estonia, Finlandia, Francia, Grecia, Holanda, Hungría, Irlanda, Islandia, Italia, Letonia, Lituania, Luxemburgo, Malta, Mónaco, Montenegro, Noruega, Polonia, Portugal, Reino Unido, República Checa, Rumania, Rusia, Serbia, Suecia, Suiza, Turquía, Ucrania. En Oriente Medio: Arabia Saudita, Bahréin, Emiratos Árabes Unidos, Israel, Jordania, Kuwait, Líbano, Omán, Qatar. Zara ofrece ropa de tendencia de calidad media sobretodo a un público femenino y masculino de entre 19 y 34 años de un nivel económico medio y medio-alto. ...
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...Caso Zara: “Moda Rápida” 1. ¿Qué tan sostenible es la estrategia competitiva Zara? Zara tiene múltiples ventajas competitivas que la han hecho ser exitosa a través de los años. Según José María Castellano: “Nuestra estructura nos da tremendas ventajas sobre la competencia.” Una de sus ventajas es que fabricaban internamente sus productos más sensibles a la moda; incluyendo los textiles. Esto le da un control total a Zara en cuanto a la calidad, cantidad y tiempo de entrega de sus productos. Luego de ser fabricados, los productos se envían directamente de los centros de distribución a las tiendas dos veces por semana eliminando la necesidad de almacenes y manteniendo los inventarios en un nivel bajo. Además, el recibir mercancía dos veces en semana es una herramienta que logra que el consumidor regrese a la tienda a observar las nuevas piezas de ropa. Otra característica que hace a Zara una tienda exitosa es que se mantenía a la par con la moda, no tenía que esperar a que las tendencias pasaran para entonces venderlas. Esto era posible ya que Zara era capaz de crear un diseño y tener los artículos acabados en las tiendas en un plazo de cuatro a cinco semanas; en comparación con la competencia que podía lograr lo mismo en un periodo de seis meses para el diseño y tres meses para la fabricación. La mayoría de los clientes de Zara son innovadores en el mundo de la moda; por tal razón es importante la rotación rápida de inventario. Otro estrategia importante es la...
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...men/women Overall energy consumtion (Tj) Number of suppliers Social investment (in millions of euros) 5,527 483 82 109,512 20.5/79.5% 3,381 1,398 14 5,044 437 77 100,138 19.5/80.5% 3,230 1,337 11 Highlights Sales 13,793 12,527 9,435 10,407 11,048 10,000 7,500 15,000 12,500 5,000 2,500 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Sales by geographical Rest of Europe 45% Spain 25% America Asia and the rest of the 12% world 18% Net profit 2,500 1,946 1,741 1,258 1,262 1,322 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Number of employees 0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 79,517 109,512 100,138 92,301 89,112 Inditex´s Annual Report addresses its economic, social and environmental performance for the purposes of achieving the maximum transparency in its relationship with all its stakeholders annual report 2011 index 06 54 Letter from the Chairman | 08 Business model | 10 A look back over 2011 Customers Milestones for the year. International presence | 22 Suppliers | 70 Employees | 84 Retail formats. Zara. Pull&Bear. Shareholders. Economic Massimo Dutti. Bershka. Stradivarius. Osyho. Zara Home. Uterqüe. | 42 Community | 100 and financial report....
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...goals. Today’s business environment deals and intersects with different factors. As a result, the working environment becomes a complex system which should remain unique and reliable to all stakeholders. Rapidly changing society, technologies and trends make the big fashion companies to propose not just a brand but also a fast fashion brand accessible to all eager customers. One of companies “…that introduced the idea of fast fashion some two decades ago, then developed a highly centralized and often studied—but rarely duplicated—design, manufacturing, and distribution system” (Berfield & Baigorri, 2013) is Zara International. Zara International belongs to, “…Spanish retail giant Inditex owns some of Europe's most popular clothing stores and is rapidly expanding around the world” (Inditex Group (Zara), n.d. para.1). After releasing the company Zara International by Index Group, parent company, Zara’s brand becomes one of the most popular in clothing industry worldwide and continues to keep the position despite of the fierce competition. The study case Zara International: Fashion at the Speed of Light would reveal and emphasise the main characteristics of the popularity and particularity of the fast fashion industry through analysis some of the aspects and rules of the Spanish company, Zara International. DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS It is well-known that every organization would like to excel in some criteria specific to their sphere of activity. Due to fast changing trends...
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...provides the overview of internal factors which might be crucial for success, as well as drawbacks of Zara’s internal organisation. Assessment of internal environment starts from the evaluation of Zara’s resources and capabilities, followed by the critical analysis of manufacturing and logistics processes. Further discussion of the PR issues and its effects on company performance is provided. In addition, the benefits of corporate socially responsible policies are discussed. Overall conclusions on Zara strategic steps that are to be taken are suggested based on the conducted analysis of the internal and external characteristics of the environment Zara is doing business in. Zara background Zara is the flagship chain store of Spanish company Inditex Group which incorporates other brands such as Zara Home, Massimo Dutti, Pull and Bear, Oysho, Uterqüe, Stradivarius and Bershka. Zara is present in 86...
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...Analysis Inditex Group Unit Introduction- GBO Group Award: Global Trade and Business SCN: 0137219061 Candidate’s Name: Cristina Diaz Alama HND Centre Xianda College of Economics and Humanities Shanghai International Studies University Date: 2013/10/08 Assessment 1 Select a Global Business Organization and describe its development from inception through to its present status as a global trader. Describe its expansion including any global acquisitions and mergers, and its business structure- whether centralized or decentralized. 1. Introduction Industria de Diseño Textil, S.A. (Inditex) is a Spanish multinational clothing company headquartered in Arteixo, Galicia, Spain. It is made up of almost a hundred companies dealing in activities related to textile design, production and distribution. Amancio Ortega, Spain's richest man, and the world's third richest man, is the founder and current largest shareholder. The current chairman of Inditex is Pablo Isla. Inditex operates over 6,000 stores worldwide and owns brands like Massimo Dutti, Bershka, Oysho, Pull and Bear, Stradivarius, Zara, Tempe and Uterqüe, and also a low-cost brand Lefties. The majority of its stores are corporate-owned; Franchises are only conceded in countries where corporate properties can not be foreign-owned (in some Middle Eastern countries, for example). The group designs and manufactures almost everything by itself, and new designs are dispatched twice a week to Zara stores. Most...
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...employees A nnual Report 2009 6 14 16 Global Reporting Initiative Indicators Letter from the Chairman Inditex business model 18 IP 53 IC 54 Inditex Commitment 163 Inditex Performance 20 26 28 46 Summary of 2009 financial year Milestones for the year Commercial concepts International presence 56 66 124 136 Customers, shareholders and society Corporate Social Responsibility Human Resources Environmental dimension 4 Inditex Annual Report 2009 164 LD 309 Legal Documentation 167 233 296 303 Economic and financial report Corporate governance report Activities Report Audit and Control Committee Activities Report Nomination And Remuneration Committee 308 Verification of the audit of GRI indicators 5 G lobal Reporting Initiative Indicators in 2002. Using this guide, Inditex With transparency as the fundamental principle in its relationship with society, Inditex has followed the Global Reporting Initiative indicators since it published its first Sustainability Report attempts to provide detailed, organised access to the information on its activity to all its stakeholders. Within the general indicators, specific indicators for the textile and footwear sector have been included, identified in the following way: Specific indicator for the sector Specific indicator comment for the sector 6 Inditex Annual Report 2009 Pages 14-15 267-273, 20-25 1. Strategy and analySiS 1.1 Statement from the most senior...
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...market is a consumer-driven industry. Also, globalization and new technologies have allowed consumers to have more access to fashion. As a result, consumers are changing, competition is fierce, and companies are evolving to meet these demands. Zara, a Spanish-based chain owned by Inditex, is a retailer who has taken a new approach in the industry. With their unique strategy, Zara has the competitive advantage to be sustainable. In order to maintain that advantage and growth they must confront certain challenges and face traditional retailers in the apparel industry. So, now our group will analysis the PESTLE of Zara Company. (Lopez & Fan, 2009) Overview Zara is one of the largest international fashion companies and belongs to Inditex, which is one of the largest fashion retailers worldwide. Inditex operates in textile design, distribution and manufacturing. (Inditex, 2011 b) Zara operates in 78 countries worldwide with 1557 stores in the world’s largest cities. (Inditex, 2011 c) The company is founded in 1975 by Amancio Ortega, located in Spain and had in 2010 a net sale of 8.088 million of euro. (Inditex, 2011 a) The have worldwide 1557 stores in 78 different countries. (Inditex, 2011 a) Aim: democratize fashion, offering latest fashion, medium quality and moderate price (Lopez & Fan, 2009) Structure: customer oriented, satisfaction of consumer needs (Mazaira, González, & Avendano, 2003) Business Environment Global textile and clothing industry...
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