...the use of psychological therapies, such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Family Intervention (FI) in ameliorating psychotic symptoms. As such we should consider our choice strategy when targeting psychotic symptoms,...
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...fifty-three studies on SM were analyzed to determine consensus in definitions and therapy protocols. Results showed that a typical delivery format exists (mostly group form, 8–10 sessions in length and multitechnique), but the number of techniques used was very large, techniques were inconsistently labeled are often poorly described. It is concluded that in outcome research, the term "stress management" is operationally defined with such variability that comparisons of SM outcome studies are not meaningful at this time. Author Keywords: Stress management; Arousal reduction; Coping; Therapy outcome [pic] Article Outline • Introduction • Methods • Results • Typical components of SM interventions • Imagery, relaxation and meditation • Cognitive–behavioral approaches • Systemic approaches • Discussion • Acknowledgements • References [pic] Introduction This paper questions whether or not stress management (SM) researchers agree on what SM is, what the necessary treatment ingredients are and whether or not comparisons of different studies using SM are possible and meaningful. Previous experience with the conduct of controlled studies of SM for health outcomes and the desire to continue this line of research motivated us to begin examining the efficacy of SM with...
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...number of techniques used was very large, techniques were inconsistently labeled are often poorly described. It is concluded that in outcome research, the term "stress management" is operationally defined with such variability that comparisons of SM outcome studies are not meaningful at this time. Author Keywords: Stress management; Arousal reduction; Coping; Therapy outcome [pic] [pic] Introduction This paper questions whether or not stress management (SM) researchers agree on what SM is, what the necessary treatment ingredients are and whether or not comparisons of different studies using SM are possible and meaningful. Previous experience with the conduct of controlled studies of SM for health outcomes [1 and 2] and the desire to continue this line of research motivated us to begin examining the efficacy of SM with the possible goal of conducting a meta-analytic review. A minimal, yet pivotal, requirement for considering meta-analysis is that the same or very similar treatments can be meaningfully clustered together so that differential efficacy with either different populations or disease categories can be determined [3]. Hence, it was necessary to determine whether SM was a sufficiently homogeneous approach to permit meta-analytic comparisons. The results of this "journey" into definitions of SM are described below....
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...population have a diagnosable anxiety and/or depressive disorder. The diagnostic system that was used in the survey (ICD-10) is different from the diagnostic system (DSM-IV) that has been used in most trials of psychological treatments. For this reason, it is difficult to be precise about the number of individuals in the UK who have anxiety disorders for which there is an evidence based psychological treatment. The key difference between the two diagnostic systems is that ICD-10 has a mixed anxiety and depression category whereas DSM-IV does not. However, it seems reasonable to assume that about half of the UK cases of “anxiety and/or depressive disorder” will have problems that were the focus of treatment in anxiety disorder treatment trials. In other...
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...What Works with Juvenile Offenders Juvenile Offenders are categorized differently than their adult counterparts for a variety of reasons. The primary reason is that as an offender who is not yet an adult, they are still considered a protected class due to their age and the concern of disrupting their rights to council and the rights of their parents to help dictate the events in their lives. Over the past few decades there have been several studies completed correlating the quantitative analysis in primary research studies with success rates of juvenile offender treatment. Because of the repeated success of certain treatments over others, these studies have lead to an agreement on what programs and intervention strategies work and which have little to no repeated success. By analyzing these treatment strategies as they have been portrayed in academic literature and through the primary research that has been completed, a summary analysis of what plans work when dealing with juvenile offenders will be devised and put forth as the best option for treatment. The first aspect to analyze when dealing with implementing a new strategy for juvenile offender reformation and treatment plans is the idea of quality of the plan versus quantity of sessions required with all individuals in correctional institutions across the United States. In the past two decades, the numbers of individuals within the correctional systems across the United States has skyrocketed. In 2004, the jump in population...
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...Blais and his colleagues and their study (Study 2) titled, “Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Depression: A Comparison of Psychotherapy, Pharmacotherapy, and Combined Treatment at a Large Academic Medical Center” (2013) recruited participants through an urban hospital by having each patient beginning outpatient care complete an initial outcomes form and follow-up ratings every 13 weeks that collected data regarding demographics, treatment types, diagnoses following DSM-IV, Global Assessment of Functioning ratings, and brief measures of psychological health and distress. The initial outcomes form indicated to which treatment group each participant would be assigned. In the end, 115 patients were assigned to the psychotherapy group, 486 to the pharmacotherapy group, and 785 to the combined treatment...
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...commonly associated with PD are: palpitations, accelerated heart rate, sweating, trembling and shaking, fear of losing control, abdominal distress and fear of dying. Studies across the developed world have shown that PD prevalence is between 1.4% and 2.9%, with more women being affected by PD (Australia & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 2003). PD can lead to serious consequences which can result in recurrent panic attacks, alcohol and drug abuse or risk of attempting suicide, if not treated (Bouton, Mineka, & Barlow, 2001). The three treatment methods that will be assessed are: Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) augmented by panic surfing, a combination of CBT and pharmacotherapy using serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) and short term psychodynamic psychotherapy (STPP). It will be argued that a combination of CBT and SSRI is the best treatment for PD. CBT is a method that involves a paradigm of a fight or flight response and the role of bodily hyper-vigilance. Panic surfing is used to reduce anxiety by ‘riding out the wave of anxiety’ instead of trying to control the symptoms. (Lamplugh, Berle, Milicevic, & Starcevic, 2008). In Lamplugh et al. study there were eighteen participants in the study, fifteen of which were women who attended the anxiety clinic. Their mean age was 35.6 years. Of the eighteen, 10 participants (55.6 %) were married, 4 participants (22.2%) had post secondary qualifications and 10 were in paid employment. Participants...
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...that people that have undergone similar traumatic experiences can share their concerns and provide social support to each other with the goals to prevent the symptoms of PTSD from surfacing. Preventing the symptoms of PTSD is one of the advantages of CISD because prevention is always better than cure and since PTSD’s symptoms disrupt the daily lives of patients, it is best to eliminate any chances of the symptoms occurring in the first place. However, a literature review on Potentially Harmful Therapies (PHTs) had listed CISD as having an adverse long-term effect and is considered harmful because it interrupts natural healing process of the patients (Lilienfeld, 2007). Besides, CISD as a type of intervention to prevent the symptoms of PTSD is said to contribute to the patients’ self-fulfilling prophecy in which CISD in a way creates the initially non-existing symptoms with the treatment session enhancing the idea causing the patients to unconsciously accept and eventually exhibit the symptoms (Lilienfeld, 2007). Generally, CISD is not effective as a treatment for PTSD based on several previously conducted RCTs as the reduction of symptoms shown by the patients is...
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...author of this work is currently employed as a community psychiatric nurse whose remit is to work with those clients with serious and enduring mental illness, the majority of whom have a medical diagnosis of schizophrenia and related psychosis. Over the past 10 years there's been a growing movement towards diverse treatments for schizophrenia other than the acknowledged role of medication as a treatment modality (Birchwood and Tarrier 1993). Developments in psychological theory have led to a number of innovative psychological treatments drawn from human experimental psychology such as behavioural and social psychology and cognitive science. Therapies based on cognitive behavioural theory have been rapidly developing, initially for the so called ‘neurotic disorders’ but in recent years evidence has accumulated to suggest that these cognitive behavioural approaches can be effective for those people suffering from psychosis ( Williams 1995). The aim of this assignment is to explore the basis of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and review its’ therapeutic application to schizophrenia. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) is an evolutionary paradigm that came about a from the merging of the established paradigm of behavioural therapy and contemporary cognitive therapy (Clarke and Fairburn 1997). Behavioural therapy historically focused on anxiety, phobic and obsessional disorders. Treatments were aligned to the learning theories of Pavlov and Skinner, anxieties...
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...Micro Assessment 1 Running Head: MICRO ASSESSMENT PAPER Micro Assessment Paper Melroy Brown Lincoln University Micro Assessment 2 Abstract This Micro Assessment is about a client named Jane Doe that presented at CPS in Copperas Cove after having an altercation with her husband. Jane is a young mother that has a history of mental health and anger management issues. She has been married for just over a year. The client and her husband have a history of arguing and fussing in front of the children. Jane Jane was arrested after grabbing a knife and trying to stab her husband with the knife. When she did not succeed at stabbing him with the knife Jane went upstairs and overdosed on several pills. She was taken to the hospital and was immediately signed out by her mother that works at the hospital. Because of her leaving the hospital against doctor’s advice, CPS was called to remove Jane’s children from the home for their safety. This Micro Assessment will give detailed history about Jane and give suggested client-directed treatment plans for her treatment options. Micro Assessment 3 Assessment Demographics: Name: Doe, Jane Age: 20 years old Name(s) of Parent(s)/Guardian(s): Peggy Sue Williams ...
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...(Kuppin&Carpiano 2009). On the other hand, there is a belief that the way a person was raised was the cause of the condition (Kuppin, et al. 2099). Moreover, a person dually diagnosed with severe mental illness and substance use disorder has disproportionally...
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...Studies have shown insomnia to be a common disorder with symptoms evident in up to 50 percent of the adult population. Insomnia rates are often viewed as higher among the divorced, separated, and women. The 3-P model of insomnia suggests that people may be primed to develop insomnia through stressful life events, hyperarousal or coping strategies like napping. Insomnia is often associated with negative quality of life, decreased job performance, increased risk of accidents and an increased risk for depression. Many of the individuals who suffer from insomnia express a poor understanding of the available treatments and tend to turn to alcohol and over the counter medications. Faced with the prevalence of insomnia and concerns regarding other aspects of the disorder, many professionals have found and used different techniques such as, pharmacotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy, to treat the disorder with several having different levels of efficacy and effectiveness. In this essay I intend to explore the efficacy and effectiveness of several of these techniques. One such technique used by professionals in the treatment of insomnia is pharmacotherapy. Pharmacotherapy includes the use of a variety of drugs to combat the lack of sleep or to maintain sleep. According to the authors of the article, “Current Pharmacological and Nonpharmacological Options for the Management of Insomnia”,...
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...among those endorsing depression, 39% said that it has affected their academic performance (American College Health Association, 2013). Other research further supports that depression is a significant predictor of both lower grade point average and higher probability of drop- ping out (Eisenberg, Golberstein, & Hunt, 2009). National surveys show that a substantial minority of college students report depression (Eisenberg, Gollust, Golberstein, & Hefner, 2007; National Alliance on Mental Illness, 2012). The 2012 report from the Association for University and College Counseling Center Directors indicated that 95% of counseling center directors believe that psychological problems are a growing concern and that depression is one of the most prevalent concerns with 36% of college students affected (Mistler, Reetz, Krylowicz, & Barr, 2012). Depression is caused by a number of risk factors such as, family history, physical illness, medication and ethnicity. Some types of depression tend to run in families. However, depression can occur in people without family histories of depression too. Scientists are now studying certain genes that may make some people more prone to depression than others. Some genetics research indicates that the risk for depression results from the influence of several genes acting together with environment and other factors. In addition to depression, substance use disorders are regarded as major risk factors for suicidal behavior in both clinical and...
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...and Pinter, 2007), and with-in two years of leaving the system, 25% of them face unemployment, homelessness, and/or incarceration (Krinsky, 2007). For all children, especially children in foster care, having the proper advocacy, stability, educational coordination and guidance are vital in ensuring their academic success. Unfortunately, children in foster care are less likely to receive these components to assist them in becoming successful in academia, which in turn affects their chances to live a productive adult life. The needs of the children and youth in foster care are in need of reformation across each state throughout the nation. Since the development of foster care, the focus of intervention has and continues to be a reactive approach, instead of a tactical approach. The intervention of foster care seeks to ensure the physical safety and well-being of each child and youth, which oftentimes leads to a neglect of their emotional and intellectual needs. Studies conducted in New York, the Midwest, Chicago, Washington, and California have shown that children in foster care are particularly vulnerable to academic failure. Smithgall, Gladden, Howard, Goerge, & Courtney (2004) compared the likelihood of graduation between students in foster care...
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...Personality and Individual Differences 46 (2009) 147–153 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Personality and Individual Differences journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/paid Cognitive-behavioural training to change attributional style improves employee well-being, job satisfaction, productivity, and turnover Judith G. Proudfoot a,*, Philip J. Corr b, David E. Guest c, Graham Dunn d a School of Psychiatry and Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Randwick 2031, Australia Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK c Kings College London, University of London, UK d Health Methodology Research Group, School of Community Based Medicine, University of Manchester, UK b a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t We report, for the first time in the literature, a cognitive-behavioural training waiting-list controlled study that changed employees’ attributional style, reduced turnover, increased productivity, and improved a number of individual differences measures of well-being. One hundred and sixty-six financial services sales agents (98% male, mean age 36.2 ± 9 years) were randomly assigned to either (a) a sevenweek cognitive-behavioural training program or (b) a waiting-list. Significant improvements resulted in employees’ attributional style, job satisfaction, self-esteem, psychological well-being and general productivity. A significant reduction in employee turnover over a 4.5 month period was observed...
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