...relocate their managers to run the business. Managing a business entity with a diverse workforce towards achieving a common goal is problematic. People have their own ways (cultures) of doing things. As a result, most managers consult Hofstede’s four-dimension model to manage efficiently. The dimensions are power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism/collectivism, and masculinity/femininity. By observing how different cultures act based on these dimensions, they come up with solutions to solve conflicts. However, Hofstede’s model is not as efficient as perceived by most people across the world. Although Fernandez et al. (1997, p. 52) resonates with Hofstede, he highlights why the managers should exercise caution while using his findings to manage workforce in the modern day life. In his recent study on reexamination of Hofstede’s country classifications, Fernandez et al. (1997) reveals that significant changes have taken place since Hofstede’s original study. He finds out that many of the countries examined in the present study showed a shift in ranking when compared with Hofstede’s initial data. His study proves that the nation’s core work-related values change when subjected to external environmental changes. Unlike Hofstede, Fernandez et al. (1997) study doesn’t use data from selected middle-class IBM employees. His study collects data from advanced business students and as well as working individuals from different organizations and countries. His sample helps him...
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...Applicable CCM concepts and theories from The Terminal 1.High context vs low context in communication Daily communication includes verbal communication and nonverbal communication. Verbal communication is more common in low-context culture while nonverbal communication is more common in high-context culture. Edward Hall raised the concept of high context and low context in the book beyond culture. Context is the the commons and background knowledge that needs to be known and shared before effective communication between people. The more shared background knowledge is, the more commons there are. In detail, in communication in high-context culture, most of the information exists in the physical environment, or internalized in the individual body, and rarely exists in the encoding of the transmission of information. In communication in the low-context culture, a good amount of information exists in languages with clear encoding. For example: Navorski can only speak very limited English and have big problems communicating with Americans, which can be seen from the communication process in the beginning of the movie when Thurman and Frank Dixon asked him questions and he always gave an irrelevant answer. At the beginning, he could only use body gestures to communicate. However, North American is low-context culture while Bulgaria I suppose belongs to high context culture. Americans would feel it difficult to decode Bulgarian’s encoding, while language barrier makes Bulgarian’s...
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...1. Introduction In this assignment, a conscience effort has been made to understand the concepts of “Cross Cultural Management” (CCM). Before we get into the dept, it is important for us to understand “Culture” in broad terms. The expression “culture” can be defined as the inherited values, concepts, and ways of living which are shared by people of the same social group. To simplify further, culture is divided into two kinds; the first is “generic culture” which is essentially a shared culture of all humans living on this planet. The second is “local culture” which refers to symbols and schemas shared by a particular social group. The local culture can also be understood from the simple that every country has a diverse and different culture which may be similar, but it certainly cannot be the same. Culture is different in many forms and contents that include factors that we can see like language, behavior, dressing and food; and others that we cannot see like beliefs and values. With the advent of Globalization, the world is now a global village and the technological achievements of this modern time have brought people closer together than ever. This also means that people from different parts of the world and with different cultural backgrounds are working and communicating together. While this is not only interesting, but dealing with people from different cultures requires conscience efforts in knowing the cultural diversities. This can be further be explained with...
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...Group 3 PGPIM DOING BUSINESS IN USA Doing business in the United States of America By Group 3 PGPIM 2011-13 September 22, 2011 Page | 1 Group 3 PGPIM DOING BUSINESS IN USA Doing business in the United States of America Overview The United States, a nation founded on the fundamental belief in equality, is today a multicultural mosaic of over 290 million people of varying race and cultural heritage. American culture portrays a strong sense of regional and ethnic identity, which is represented by a number of subcultures and influenced by the country’s vast geographical and regional differences. America’s influence on business culture across the globe is unmistakable. Understanding the cultural assumptions, values and artefacts are paramount to doing sustainable profitable business in the United states. Page | 2 Group 3 PGPIM DOING BUSINESS IN USA Introduction and starting point problem “Systemlessness is the ultimate American folly” Peter Lawrence, 1996 It is very often complained that Americans have no culture. This is partially true; seen from a European or an Asian point of view, American culture is a little more than 200 years old. The superficiality of American culture seems to be at stake here, and the implicit assumption of those who formulate this criticism seems to be that depth of culture is what allows the intensity of responsibilities. Thus the criticism about the superficiality of American culture is essentially a complaint...
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...sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Citations (this article cites 6 articles hosted on the SAGE Journals Online and HighWire Press platforms): http://ccm.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/5/1/49#BIBL Downloaded from http://ccm.sagepub.com at N E Wales Inst of H E on February 28, 2007 © 2005 SAGE Publications. All rights reserved. Not for commercial use or unauthorized distribution. CCM International Journal of 2005 Vol 5(1): 49–66 Cross Cultural Management A Cross Cultural Perspective on Perceived Leadership Effectiveness Jun Yan California State University, USA James G. (Jerry) Hunt Institute for Leadership Research, Texas Tech University, USA ABSTRACT We propose a theoretical model to explain how societal/cultural settings may influence the leadership perception processes of followers and the ways perceived leadership effectiveness can be achieved. We adopt five cultural dimensions – collectivism/ individualism (CI), masculinity/femininity (MASC), power distance (PD), uncertainty avoidance (UA) and fatalism (FT), and relate them to two types of leadership perception modes – recognition-based and inference-based processes, and perceived leadership effectiveness....
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...Annotated Bibliography Mitry, D. J. (2008, November). Using Cultural Diversity in Teaching Economics: Global Business Implications. Retrieved February 3, 2016,, from http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/docview/232977843?pq-origsite=summon The purpose of this article was to discuss the concerns how globalization have allegations for education globalization an how accumulating cross-cultural interactivity have implications for education in general which may present valuable academic opportunities in the practice of teaching economics for business students. The author defines a method for using cultural diversity measures in teaching economic principles courses, experiments were performed to test the impact of a teaching approach that explicitly includes cultural diversity measurements in a classroom discussion and statically tested student learning outcomes using this type of approach. In order for students to obtain profitable skills they need to be able to physically apply basic economic models to an casual observation. Further research reveals students economics test are lower than any other subject, except science. Today students need to learn how to synthesize economics with other business tools in the global context. Other disciplines associated with the functional areas of business has avidly incorporating implications of globalization for teaching. Chang, S. J. (2010, February). When East and West Meet: An Essay on the Importance of Cultural Understanding...
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...Xavier Institute of management & entrepreneurship | EURO DISNEYLAND CASE ANALYSIS | CCM ASSIGNMENT | | | Augustine George (32)Balaji Subramanian (36)David Aditya Solomon (45)Eliza Mathew (52)Eliza Pani (53) | | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The given case “Euro Disneyland” elaborates about the issues faced by the Walt Disney Company when expanding to international borders. It first begins with the history of how Disneyland became so successful and expanded to various states across the country. It then describes about its first international success namely the Tokyo Disneyland and the factors affecting it. The case then describes Disney’s decision of expanding into Europe. The various differences and problems faced in setting up of the amusement park. Some of the major issues in setting up of the park were: * Cultural differences between the European and the American market * Environmental and location factors for setting up the amusement park * Financing and initial business plan were not analysed thoroughly in synchronisation with external economic factors * French labour laws were not taken into account while inducting the workforce * Management issues such as different attractions in the park It was understood that the chief reason for Euro Disney’s failure was a lack of understanding of European culture on Disney’s part. Based on the understanding from the case following recommendations were made: * A study in history and an understanding...
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