...Sociologists have classified the different types of societies into six categories, each of which possess their own unique characteristics: 1. Hunting and gathering societies 2. Pastoral societies 3. Horticultural societies 4. Agricultural societies 5. Industrial societies 6. Post-industrial societies Hunting And Gathering Societies Hunting and gathering societies are the earliest form of society. The members survive primarily by hunting, trapping, fishing, and gathering edible plants. A majority of the members' time is spent looking for and gathering food. A hunting and gathering society has five characteristics: 1. Family is the society's primary institution. Family determines the distribution of food and how to socialize children. 2. These societies are small compared to the others. They generally have less than 50 members. 3. Hunting and gathering societies are nomadic, which means that they move constantly in order to find food and water. 4. Members of hunting and gathering societies are mutually dependent upon each other. 5. Although there is equal division of labor among the members of hunting and gathering societies, there is division of labor based on sex. Men are responsible for hunting and women are gatherers. Pastoral Societies Pastoral societies began around 12,000 years ago. These societies rely on products obtained through the domestication and breeding of animals for transportation and food. Pastoral societies are...
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...Personally, I find Ritzer’s ideas on the velvet cage and iron cage concepts to be valid. No matter where we go today, we are faced with McDonaldization. So, to some extent, all of us are caged on a daily basis by the over-rationalization of society. The velvet cage is a reflection in my life because I literally grew up on McDonald’s assembly-line Happy Meals. As a result of becoming comfortable with McDonaldization, I have grown to depend on fast, predictable products and services in all areas of my life. For instance, I take my clothes to a 24-hour dry cleaners. I use JiffyLube to quickly change the oil in my car. Almost every day, I access an ATM machine instead of standing in line at the bank. And, I pay for and pump my own gas without ever seeing an attendant. Although, having said that, there are alternatives to some of these examples of McDonaldization. Therefore, I do not feel defenseless against this process because there is comfort in knowing that (for example) fast food restaurants are a steadfast viable choice for a quick meal when you do not have a lot of time to shop for healthier, better quality foods. Let’s face it. Realistically, we live in a contemporary society today that is on the move. We want what we want, at the exact time that we want it. And, for that convenience, there will be times when I am willing to compromise quality for quantity. On the other hand, Ritzer’s ideas on the iron cage are also a reflection in my life. Whenever...
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...Assignment One Sociology 321 Zahra Nazir Has Canada become a post-industrial society? * What does “post-industrialism” mean and what are the main characteristics of “industrial” and “postindustrial” societies? * Using the concepts of “industrial” and “postindustrial” societies: How has work changed in Canada over time? (pg20,24) Is “postindustrial” a proper description for Canadian society today? Bell argued that postindustrial societies would engage most workers in the production and dissemination of knowledge, rather than in goods produc- tion as in industrial capitalism. While industrialization had brought increased productivity and higher living standards, postindustrial society would usher in an era of reduced concentration of power Why the optimism in the early theories of postindustrial society? These explanations of social and economic change were developed in the decades following World War II, a time of significant economic growth in North America.16 White-collar occupational opportunities were increasing, edu- cational institutions were expanding, and the overall standard of living was rising. Hence the optimistic tone of the social theories being developed In fact, as Canada industrialized, the government heavily subsidized the construction of railways in order to promote economic development. Like other advanced capitalist societies, Canada has become a service-dominated economy. The informa- tion technology revolution is having a major...
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...profession for the economic benefits, whether or not they actually enjoy it. To be a productive worker in society, one must enjoy their profession, or whatever they may do. Fromm states that ever since the industrial revolution, people have worked simply for the money. In “Work in an Industrial Society,” Erich Fromm shows that people do not care about working, that they only work for the money, and that it leads to people becoming more lazy and apathetic. People do not have the same enjoyment of work as they did in the Middle Ages, the Renaissance and the eighteenth century. Back then, people worked to feel like they have accomplished something. In today’s world, people get up in the morning to go to work with one goal: to get out of there as early and as quickly as possible. Before, people worked to not just make a living but to obtain satisfaction with their job. No matter how basic the job was they felt that they made a difference. In “Work, Labor, Play,” W.H Auden states that Miss Hannah Arendt defines people as workers and laborers. Workers are interested in what they do as well as what society pays for their work while laborers are people who have a job for just the paycheck and to support the people that depend on them. Around the times of the Industrial Revolution, the type of worker shifted from workers to laborers. People became a part of a machine that produced whatever needed to be made in order to complete the product. People only worked for the paycheck...
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...The End of Men Casper Pedersen 2.a Men have always been the dominant force in western society both economically and politically. Most top jobs belong to men and the majority of the world’s influential politicians are male, such as Barack Obama, Vladimir Putin and the Chinese president Hu Jintao. Because of this male dominance, men have led the way of culture and society for ages. But all of this may be about to change in our postindustrial era. In her article, “The End of Men” from the magazine The Atlantic, July/August 2010, Hanna Rosin argues that woman are in fact well on the way of taking over the role as the dominant cultural force. But is she right when she proclaims “The End of Men”? Hanna Rosin builds up her article in order to convince her readers that women are playing an increasingly influential role in society and are ultimately replacing men’s status as the dominant sex. She does this by referring to developments in the job market, in education and politics and in the pop industry. In all these important fields she sees a tendency towards female power. Her argument is initially built on facts, “Earlier this year, women became the majority of the workforce for the first time in U.S. history. Most managers are women too. And for every two men who get a college degree this year, three women will do the same” (ll. 1-3). These facts speak to the reader’s intellect and builds up a trustworthiness, so that the reader feels that Rosin is right in pointing out...
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...Canada as a Post-Industrial Country Canada’s practices of work and work values have been evolving throughout history. From the early days when agriculture dominated the economy, to the gradual transition into manufacturing and processing, we can see that Canada’s economy is always changing. More recently, we are seeing a similar shift from manufacturing to the service sector of the economy. This paper provides an analysis of Canadian society and whether we can be considered a post-industrial country. A society tends to be classified according to the degree to which different groups within that society have unequal access to rewards such as resources, status, or power. Although humans have established many types of societies over time, I will focus on defining two main categories including industrial and post-industrial society. Industrial societies are driven by the use of machines and factories to enable mass production. They are generally characterized by the use of external energy sources to increase the rate and scale of production. Industrialization brought about changes in almost every aspect of society. As factories became the center of work, urbanization became desirable and large cities emerged. Wage work and job specialization allowed more efficient means to manufacture goods, but also lead to a more complex division of labour. Post-industrial societies are based on information, knowledge, and the selling of services. This society develops at a stage when the...
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...and Corporate Office at Jwahar Vyapar Bhawan, Janpath, New Delhi – 110001. The Operational units of the Company are strategically located across the Country having its four Mints at Mumbai, Kolkata, Hyderabad and Noida, four Currency / Security presses at Nashik, Dewas and Hyderabad, besides a high quality Paper manufacturing mill at Hoshangabad. With the above background, the Company is looking forward to recruit high caliber and talented professionals having potential to strengthen the Technical/Finance/Marketing/Materials/HR in the Organisation and accordingly invites applications for the following posts having all India transfer/posting liability: |Name of the Post |Level |Scale of Pay |Total No. of |Likely Place of posting|Age (As on 29.02.2012) | | | | |Post(s) | | | |Dy. General Manager | |Rs.37400-67000/- with grade |1-OBC |Corporate Office |45 | |(Finance &...
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...TITLE PAGE Company: “Malik Construction & Builders” Project: “Road Construction” TABLE OF CONTENTS Members and Contributions Asad Saleh Hayat: Project Manager Contribution: Planning, Managing and Controlling Project Fahad Mehmood: Project Administrator Contribution: Facilitator Usman Kaleem: Project Administrator Contribution: Executor and Coordinator Haasham Waqar: Project Administrator Contribution: Communicator Stake holder: CDA Stake holder: Community Stake holder: Industrialist Duration and Budget Duration: 6-8 months Budget: RS-/ 20, 00,000 SYNOPSIS This road begins from the right corner of Nescom Hospital on police line up till the Fazal industries located in I-9 Islamabad. This road is the main road which connects through all the steel industries, rice, flour mills, the automobiles show rooms and several Educational institutions. This road bares a heavy transportation on daily basis resulting over rush and fuss specially on peak hours of the day i.e. morning 8 or evening 5-7. There is a strong need to make this single road into a double one so that it makes it easy for every one...
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...FOREIGN EXCHANGE POLICY EXIM BANK LIMITED A CRITICLE EVALUATION (Internship Report) Supervisor Mr. Bazlur Rahman Lecturer Department of Marketing Studies & International marketing University of Chittagong Prepared By Md Sarwar kamal Roll: R 143042 Department of Marketing Studies & International marketing University of Chittagong March 2008 LETTER OF SUBMISSION Date: February 08, 2008 To Chairman Department of Marketing Studies &International Marketing University of Chittagong. Through, Supervisor Department of Marketing Studies &International Marketing University of Chittagong. Sub : Submission of Internship Report. Dear Sir, Here is my report on “Foreign Exchange policy of EXIM BANK Limited : A Critical Evaluation ” submitted to your honor. A methodological research was conducted to prepare the report for fulfillment of the requirement of Internship Program, an integral part to the academic curriculum for MBA. This report has been prepared on the basis of the findings out of the research work with practical knowledge, which includes collection of primary and secondary data, discussion with the executives and study on relevant books and publications. I have studied on relevant issues and tried to highlight the pros and cons of it accordingly in this regard. I have also tried to reflect all the findings of my study in this report to the point to make it a rich one. I would like to express...
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...1. Stereotypes, narratives, ideologies and discourses are devices that, in different ways according to different theorists, fortify media power. Critically analyse how these devices work, according to various theorists, and reflect upon which best explains communicative power. The social construction of reality is mediated through the communicative powers of stereotypes, narratives, ideologies and discourses and the media is extremely powerful in communicating messages with these devices. It will be argued that discourses are the most powerful communicating device used by the media in the postindustrial era today. Furthermore as per Croteau & Hoynes (2014, p. 9), the analysis will focus on recognised mass media that is readily available in print, film, radio, television, sound recordings and the Internet. Poststructuralists within sociology examine the structures of society and human agency. Human agency or action is influenced by sociocultural factors such as ideology that shape human identity and act subconsciously over an individual. Ideology is the system of meaning that helps explain, define and make value judgments about the world (Croteau & Hoynes 2014, p. 152). As we live in an interconnected world there are many ideologies as there are social structures in any given society. Related to this is that dominant ideas are hegemonic. Marx created the superstructure, which is the domain of ideas for example religion, legal structures, family, institutions...
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...GUIDELINES FOR DISCIPLINARY PROCEDURE - CONTENTS Chapter 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Item Discipline and Indiscipline Acts of Misconduct Report of Misconduct Flow-chart of Disciplinary Proceedings Preliminary Enquiry Principles of Natural Justice Charge-sheet Suspension Domestic Enquiry Penalties Appeal and Review Annexures Page No. 96 97 98 99 102 103 104 107 109 117 122 123-153 Policy Manual CHAPTER-1 DISCIPLINE AND INDISCIPLINE 1.1 Discipline means orderly behaviour - It means voluntary and willing compliance of rules and regulations and instructions and also development of right habits of conduct in work with others at the work-place. Why do we want Discipline? (a) Discipline is essential in any organisation for improving the employee morale as well as to increase the productivity which is the ultimate goal of any organisation. Discipline is of utmost importance for harmonious working with a view to achieve Company’s objectives. It is moral responsibility of the employer not to allow the minority of employees who are indisciplined to affect the life of majority. 1.2 (b) (c) 1.3 How does Indiscipline arise? In most of the cases, indiscipline of a worker is the expression of his reaction to his environment. Usually the causes of indiscipline are : (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Lack of awareness of Company’s rules and regulations; False promises made by superiors; Absence of any procedure to handle grievances; No action taken when required; Personal...
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...GOVERNMENT AND POLITICAL CONDITIONS The present constitution--which dates from 1848 and has been amended several times, most recently in 1983--protects individual and political freedoms, including freedom of religion. Although church and state are separate, a few historical ties remain; the royal family belongs to the Dutch Reformed Church (Protestant). Freedom of speech also is protected. Government Structure The country's government is based on the principles of ministerial responsibility and parliamentary government. The national government comprises three main institutions: the Monarch, the Council of Ministers, and the States General. There also are local governments. The Monarch. The monarch is the titular head of state. The Queen's function is largely ceremonial, but she does have some influence deriving from the traditional veneration of the House of Orange, from which Dutch monarchs for more than 3 centuries have descended. Her influence also derives from her personal qualities as Queen and her power to appoint the "formateur," who forms the Council of Ministers following elections. Council of Ministers. The Council of Ministers plans and implements government policy. The Monarch and the Council of Ministers together are called the Crown. Most ministers also head government ministries, although ministers-without-portfolio exist. The ministers, collectively and individually, are responsible to the States General (parliament). Unlike the British system, Dutch...
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...CHAPTER-1 DISCIPLINE AND INDISCIPLINE 1.1 Discipline means orderly behaviour - It means voluntary and willing compliance of rules and regulations and instructions and also development of right habits of conduct in work with others at the work-place. 1.2 Why do we want Discipline? (a) Discipline is essential in any organisation for improving the employee morale as well as to increase the productivity which is the ultimate goal of any organisation. (b) Discipline is of utmost importance for harmonious working with a view to achieve Company’s objectives. (c) It is moral responsibility of the employer not to allow the minority of employees who are indisciplined to affect the life of majority. 1.3 How does Indiscipline arise? In most of the cases, indiscipline of a worker is the expression of his reaction to his environment. Usually the causes of indiscipline are : (a) Lack of awareness of Company’s rules and regulations; (b) False promises made by superiors; (c) Absence of any procedure to handle grievances; (d) No action taken when required; (e) Personal frustrations and misunderstandings. There could be many other different reasons for indiscipline depending upon individual differences. 1.4 Corrective and Punitive action Since any case of indiscipline is basically a behavioural problem, it is necessary that before taking any punitive action, all efforts should be made to improve the behaviour of the employee by correcting him through education, counselling...
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...Introduction The world is standing at the threshold of a new millennium. We expect it to be full of successes, discoveries, developments and happiness and this will be possible due to globalization, technological advancements (changes) and the dramatic economic changes. Whenever we talk about economy, we mean financial performance of a country, company or a firm. So in this case the most used and the important term is technology. The term technology is the most crucial part of the business world as it helps us to give logistic supports on time. Origin of the report The report titled as, “Marketing Activities of DHL”, is to be submitted on 18th August 2008 to the course instructor Nazia Nabi (Lecturer, School of Business) who authorized and assigned us to do this report. Background of the report The report titled as, “Marketing Activities of DHL”, is originated from the partial requirement of the course Services Marketing. It is actually a joint student – faculty learning experience, where the students learn the Marketing Activities of several business service organizations or firms. Objective of the report This report seeks overall information about marketing activities. By this report we tried to represent the actual relevant use of marketing activities in business. Basically there are two objectives behind doing this report, and they are as follows: * The first and the foremost objective of the report is to fulfill the partial requirement of the course Services...
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...Syllabus-MBA (Hospital Administration) PAPER – I: BASIC CONCEPT OF HEALTH -Code MHA 101 Concept of Health and Disease • Concept of health & disease and well being. • Natural history of disease and role of hospitals to offer various levels of care • Prevention aspect of diseases • Dynamics of disease transmission • Changing pattern of diseases • Concept of health indicators Preliminary Human anatomy and Physiology • Basic concepts of human anatomy • Basic concepts of human physiology Suggested Reading: Human Anatomy- Prof. Samar Mitra Human Anatomy- Prof. A. K. Dutta Text Book of Human Physiology- Dr. C. C. Chatterjee Common Pathological Conditions • Basic concepts of pathogenesis of common diseases • Basic concepts of interpretation of investigations reports Suggested Reading: Robbin’s Textbook of Pathology – Robbin, Cotran, Kumar Textbook of Microbiology – Ananantanarayan & Paniker Basic concepts of Pharmacology: Commonly used Medicine in a hospital, Narcotic drugs, use and abuse of drugs. Dispensing of medicine, Drugs store, drug stock / purchase of medicine, oxygen, I/V Fluid, Chemicals etc. Suggested Reading: Textbook of Pharmacology: Dr. K. D. Tripathi PAPER – 2: Hospital Based Healthcare & Its changing scenario-Code MHA 102 Overview of Hospital • Concept of Modern Hospital & Privatization in Health Sector • Public Sector Hospitals and Level of care / offered facilities ...
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