...It explains how children are naturally prone to falling due to their developmental stages. However, in a hospital setting, where patients have physical vulnerabilities and where patient’s falls can be a costly liability issue to the medical institution, it is beneficial to hospitals to try to prevent falls. Patients also may have conditions that make increase the incidents of fall. Therefore, several tools for diagnosing fall risk have been developed. The one selected for this study is the Humpty Dumpty Fall Scale. This scale was used at an institution with a higher-than-average fall rate among its pediatric patients. A policy and plan were created in the institution, and then the nursing staff was educated on the Humpty Dumpty Fall Scale. Whereas the fall rate before instituting the plan and Fall Scale was 4.5% per 1,000 patient days, the percentage dropped to 0% per 1,000 patient days after the plan and Scale were introduced. The article notes that the enthusiasm of the staff was a determining factor in reducing the institution’s fall rate. This article is useful in considering the importance of assessment tools in prevention, as well as in demonstrating the role of the nurse in making significant institutional changes. This article is also useful in considering populations that are vulnerable to falling outside of those that are commonly considered, such as the elderly and orthopedic...
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...Fall is a serious problem in people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) due to the nature of the disease that impairs gait, motor, and cognition (Canning, et al., 2015; Gao, et al., 2014; Mirelman, et al., 2011). Sixty percent of people with PD fall annually and two-third of them fall repeatedly (Canning et al., 2015). Falls may lead to injury, pain, functional decline, fear of falling, and reduction in quality of life (Canning, et al., 2015; Gao, et al., 2014). Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of exercise interventions that could prevent or reduce fall incidence in people with PD. Computerized literature searches were conducted using CINAHL and PubMed. For CINAHL, “fall prevention” AND “Parkinson’s disease” were used...
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...Fall in Hospitals 1 Evaluating Patient Falls in Hospitals Michael Carter Southern Illinois University August 12, 2012 Evaluating Patient Falls In Hospitals 2 Abstract Hospitalization represents a vulnerable time for elderly people. The presence of acute illness, an unfamiliar environment, and the frequent addition of new medications predispose an elderly patient to such iatrogenic hazards of hospitalization as falls, pressure ulcers, and delirium.1 A fall is a seminal event in the life of an elderly person. Even a fall without injury can initiate a vicious circle that begins with a fear of falling and is followed by a self-restriction of mobility, which commonly results in a decline in function.4 Functional decline in the elderly has been shown to predict mortality and nursing home placement.5 Inpatient falls are thought to occur via a complex interplay between medications, inherent patient susceptibilities, and hospital environmental hazards Falls are the leading cause of injury-related visits to emergency departments in the United States and the primary etiology of accidental deaths in persons over the age of 65 years. The mortality rate for falls increases dramatically with age in both sexes and in all racial and ethnic groups, with falls accounting for 70 percent of accidental deaths in persons 75 years of age and older. Falls can be markers of poor...
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...Admiral Croft who was among the nouveau rich, had the financial means to rent Kellynch from Sir Walter, one of the so-called landed gentry. How (I assume this should be what) does Jane Austen's treatment of class and social mobility reveal about these men and their women such as Anne Elliot and Mrs. Smith? Which group fares better and why? Persuasion is set in a time when landed gentry were beginning to lose their firm grasp over the money and power of society and were being forced to acknowledge not only the presence of the nouveau riche, but the fact that one cannot survive on name alone. The nouveau riche were faring better financially but were not accepted socially by titled men such as Sir Walter, who may have been losing their estates slowly due to falling incomes and a spread of the collective wealth of the area but were still not apt to welcome those from families who may not have been mentioned in Burke's Peerage. Social mobility was allowing people with new money the access to old families with title and position that previously would have been unattainable. Austen shows an interesting difference between being rich and being titled – one stands firm and one is easily lost. Sir Walter is losing his fortune at a rapid pace, and along with it, his home and estate, while his title and position in society stand firm. He could lose every penny, but the title on his name would still grant him entry to most any home or societal function. Mrs. Smith, on the other...
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...In the last 30 years, falls are one of the most frequent incidents occurring today that affects the livelihood of older adults. It is becoming more and more difficult for families to leave adults 65 years and older alone in their homes due to the threat of them falling and not having anyone at their side to either help them back up if they are minor falls or call 911 if they are indeed significant falls. However, these incidents should not just be a worry for older patients who live home alone, but for patients in nursing homes as well. 30-40 percent of community-dwelling adults that are 65 and older fall each year, yet such rates are higher for the same age group residing in nursing homes. Nursing home facilities are set up in aiding their residents, many of whom are elderly, with their living arrangements and making their lives easier and safer. Therefore, improvements must be made amongst many facilities to lower the fall rates of their patients and ensure that such occurrences are not as likely to occur with the use of proper techniques and the development of the right...
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...quadriceps and hamstrings, these muscles are the first to atrophy in older adults. These appear to be caused mainly by decreased use of these muscles and the lack of high-intensity physical activity needed to activate this fiber type. The emphasis should be on concentrating on maximizing recruitment of motor units and promoting hypertrophy of existing muscle fibers, especially type II fibers in the muscles of the back, buttocks, thighs, and calves because there is much greater loss of muscle strength in the lower extremities (causing mobility problems) with ageing. 2. Resistance Training- Dr. In-Hee Lee conducted a study regarding the balance improvement by strength training in the elderly population. In regards to the subjects used, ninety originally were recruited through advertising that targeted individuals 65 years or older. If an individual had severe cardiac disease or orthopedic or neurological disorders that resulted in mobility impairment – they could not be chosen for this study. Of the participants, 16 were excluded because of cardiac or muscular problems, and the remaining 74 participants were randomly enrolled in 1 of 2 groups-an exercise group and a control group. (24 of the participants eventually dropped out due to illness). They started their resistance training with 45-55% of their 1 rep max and completed 3 sets of 10-12 reps. They progressively worked their way up to 65-75% of their 1 rep max by the 11th week. The workouts consisted of...
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...re-analyzed or tested. The research addressed here is focused on findings within the context of the United States. The analysis of the causes of poverty as well as research on issues that impact income, earnings and poverty can be considered determinants of poverty. The issue of employment and life experiences that put people at risk of not working or not working enough to prevent entry into poverty is strength of the economy and quality of wages. Introduction The scale and conditions of poverty make it one of the most pressing social issues facing the nation. According to the 2007 Population Report prepared by the US Census Bureau, over 36 million people in the United States are living in poverty and 54 million are at severe risk of falling into poverty.1 “The annual rate of entry into poverty for the total population of the United States has been estimated at roughly three percent per year”.2 Poverty will touch the majority of Americans at some point during adulthood. It is estimated that, on average, 60 percent of 20 year olds in America will experience poverty at some point during their adult years and about half of adults will experience poverty by the time they are age 65. Poverty is not static. It represents the status of families moving into and out of poverty at different points in time. Almost half of the spells of poverty are quite short: nearly 45 percent end within 1 year, 70 percent are over...
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...Age-Related Macular Degeneration As a person ages their visual feedback can be affected by many factors. A specific condition that can interfere with an individuals occupational performance is age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Macular degeneration is a progressive physical breakdown of the macula, which is part of the retina. There are two forms of macular degeneration, “wet” and “dry”. Eighty to ninety percent of patients have the “dry” form. Both wet and dry AMD can drastically impact an individuals ability to maintain independence, complete daily ADL’s, IADL’s, and BADL’s. The “dry” form involves deterioration of the macula, that is found in the center of the retina. This form is also associated with the formation of drusen (small yellow deposits) under the macula. The drusen build up leads to thinning and drying of the macula. This form typically progresses slower than the “wet” form. This type of AMD develops gradually, and symptoms can often be mistaken as typical aging. An individual may find they need increased lighting for reading, difficulty adapting to low light levels, increased blurriness, difficulty recognizing faces, and gradually increasing haziness of central vision (Coleman, Chan, Ferris & Chew, 2008). The “wet” form of AMD effects approximately 10-15% of individuals with this condition. In this type there is abnormal blood vessel growth under the retina and macula. This abnormal growth of blood vessels is known as choroidal neovascularization, or...
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...Google announced on August 15, 2011 its acquisition of Motorola Mobility, the biggest acquisition this online search and software company has ever made. It is interesting enough that Google chose to perform a strategic alliance with Motorola Mobility. Motorola is a great American company with a rich history of innovation including the invention of the first cell phone. As a result of this acquisition the expected result is to utilize Motorola Mobility’s IT resources to help maintain that sustainable competitive advantage. With Motorola Mobility now being under Google, the company would benefit from the expertise of the existing Motorola engineers and employees, and would be able to more closely integrate their Android OS with hardware, allowing them to compete with Apple’s Iphone/IOs. While it’s true that with this $12.5 billion acquisition, Google intends to improve their sustainable competitive advantage by using IT Hardware from Motorola Mobility, I believe it is only a small part of their overall approach to be competitive. In the book Managing & Using Information Systems, the authors Pearlson & Saunders point out in chapter 2, Google’s main competitive advantage “Google’s search algorithm is a source of competitive advantage for the search company” (P.51). In order to keep a sustainable competitive advantage Google should continue to build on their strengths by introducing innovative products, continued releases of their Android OS, and seeking out strategic alliances...
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...electronically-steered flat panel antennas drew many to wonder if the Holy Grail of the satellite world – a cost-competitive, electronically-steered flat panel antennas with an ultra-low profile- would ever be within reach. But the journey to this goal has been a long, difficult one because of the many desired features of such a product as depicted in the figure below. NSR has often noted the tremendous increase in satellite mobility bandwidth demand has driven many operators to add new HTS systems and constellations to meet this demand. But at the same time, the industry metric has put more emphasis on cost-efficiencies, which is where NSR expects flat panel antennas (FPAs) to play a key role in this transformation. As service providers look to provide more bandwidth at lower cost to end-users, falling capacity prices, next generation modems with beam switching capabilities, and better software are icing on the cake of the HTS capacity onslaught, in which FPAs are a perfect fit. In NSR’s recently released Flat Panel Satellite Analysis report, both the mobility and fixed satellite side of the business were analyzed, and commercial aeronautical connectivity was observed on top as the biggest driver and revenue generator for FPAs. Indeed, a low-profile antenna is a necessity for lower drag...
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...initial waves of immigration, people continue to pursue the dreams shared by their ancestors. However, as the inequality gap continues to grow, one question remains: is social mobility likely for most Americans? Although the statistics show that it is unlikely, social mobility is attainable for some due to special factors and the changing society of the United States....
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... In this piece of work I will be doing a risk assessment of a group of older adult’s visiting the walking centre. There are four older adults between the ages 70-80. Some of them have bad joints and cannot walk at a fast pace and between them one has hearing problems and one has sight problems. They are visiting the walking centre so they are aware of where to go if they ever need to use it and know how to get there. Activity | Hazard | Person affected | Risk ( severity x likelihood) | Control measures | Additional action required | Walking to the walking centre Well walking around the centre | Crossing the road Service user likely to have health problemsThe service user have poor mobilityWondering off out getting lost Falling down steps.Picking lunch form the inside canteen Needing to use the toilets Blood testing rooms | All services users | 5x23x23x24x22x22x23x25x2 | Ensure that all service users cross at deigned crossing areas such as zebra crossing and where they can press a button to tell them where to cross There should be a trained first aider and a first aid kid with them at all time and a phone to phone for help Wheel chair should be available for useService users are to stay with careers at all times for safety reasons and so there is no chance of them getting lost Ramps and paths should always be used if available and stairs only used if no other choice The service users are to wash their hands before and after eating to ensure bacteria is not...
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...catheter in place so as carers we have to check the colour, amount, consistency, and the smell of the urine when we empty the bag . “Urinary catheters are associated with a number of risks or complications, including urinary tract infection, leakage, recurrent blockage” (ManageHealthCare, 2017) so we have to be sure that this intimate area is clean and checked whenever it is required. James’s mobility problems can be challenging for him and he will require assistance with walking, getting out of bed, sitting down and getting up from seated positions. “The number one mobility problem that older people experience is falls. Falls result in broken bones, bruises, and fear of falling. Older bones break more easily than younger bones and they heal less quickly and not as completely. If a hip is fractured, canes, walkers, or wheelchairs might be needed permanently. Falls are a major cause of injury and death, so prevention is important” (Healthinaging, 2017).It is still very important to encourage James to remain active and to exercise to improve mobility and strengthen his muscles. James will need mobility aids which I will describe further in detail in the essay. ...
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...Using nurse sensitive indicators “reflect patient outcomes that are determined to be nursingsensitive because they depend on the quality or quantity of nursing care” (American Sentinel University, 2011). Mr. J. was not receiving acceptable care, because his daughter noticed a red, depressed area over Mr. J’s lower spine, similar to a severe sunburn. This skin condition is the first stage of a developing pressure ulcer. a. Nurses should be aware that a patient with limited mobility is at risk for skin breakdown, and pressure ulcers. Anyone with limited mobility should be assisted to change positions by the care providers on a regular schedule to help circulation and prevent skin breakdown. b. Providers should also consider that the patient is 72, and has fragile skin due to aging skin. This also places the patient at further risk for pressure ulcers. c. The patient is also on restraints, which limits mobility even further. While restraints can help confused patients from falling, they can also cause skin damage. Care providers should continually access the need for using restraints, and remove them as soon as possible. B) Using hospital data on nursing sensitive indicators could advance quality care throughout the hospital. In this case, the hospital should examine the incidence of pressure ulcers, the use of restraints, and dietary requests. a. When examining the pressure ulcers, the hospital should consider what type of patients are acquiring...
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...Effect of Economic Positive effects: economic growth and reduction of poverty "Per capita GDP growth in the post-1980 globalizers accelerated from 1.4 percent a year in the 1960s and 2.9 percent a year in the 1970s to 3.5 percent in the 1980s and 5.0 percent in the 1990s. This acceleration in growth is even more remarkable given that the rich countries saw steady declines in growth from a high of 4.7 percent in the 1960s to 2.2 percent in the 1990s. Also, the non-globalizing developing countries did much worse than the globalizers, with the former's annual growth rates falling from highs of 3.3 percent during the 1970s to only 1.4 percent during the 1990s. This rapid growth among the globalizers is not simply due to the strong performances of China and India in the 1980s and 1990s—18 out of the 24 globalizers experienced increases in growth, many of them quite substantial. Economic globalization also has helped to decrease poverty around the world. Poverty has been reduced as evidenced by a 5.4 percent annual growth in income for the poorest fifth of the population of Malaysia. Economic globalization also will narrowing gap between the rich and poor. Negative Effect -Capital flight -Inequality -Tax heaven -Austerity Effects on world cultures Cause Of Globalization 1. Improved transport, making global travel easier. For example, there has been a rapid growth in airtravel, enabling greater movement of people and goods across the globe. 2. Improved...
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