...The Center for Disease Control provides leadership, guidance, and research to help control the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) epidemic by working alongside the communities on a state and national level. They are also partners with other countries abroad in research, surveillance and evaluation of activities among the world’s population. The activities monitored are critical to CDC due to the estimated 1.1 million Americans infected with the disease. Some of these infected populations do not know they are infected and the number increases each year. CDC’s programs help improve the medical treatment, care and outside support for individuals living with the disease. HIV/AIDS control factors and prevention is focused on individuals that do not have the virus. CDC wants to prevent the spread of the HIV/AIDS by placing the emphasis on preventing the transmission by infected people. “Ongoing, brief prevention counseling is a cost-effective measure that can be incorporated into routine care for individuals living with HIV. Prevention IS Care therefore includes tools for medical care providers to use on a daily basis with those patients who are living with HIV. Informational posters and patient education brochures develop patients' knowledge about HIV, facilitate open dialogue and information exchange, and strengthen patients' ability to make healthy choices. And continuing education opportunities are included for medical care providers...
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...The United States HIV prevention efforts are guided by a single strategy for combating the HIV epidemic: the National HIV/AIDS Strategy (NHAS). On July 13, 2010 the White House in coordination with the CDC released the nations first-ever comprehensive coordinated HIV/AIDS roadmap with measurable targets that need to be achieved by 2015. The vision for the NHAS is that “The United States will become a place where new HIV infections are rare and when they do occur, every person, regardless of age, gender, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender identity or socio-economic circumstance, will have unfettered access to high quality, life-extending care, free from stigma and discrimination (White House)”. The National HIV/AIDS strategy was developed to address three main goals: “Reducing the number or people who become infected with HIV, increasing access to care and optimizing health outcomes for people living with HIV, and reducing HIV-related health disparities” (White House). In order to decrease the number of people who become infected with HIV it is important to know who currently has the virus, what risk factors increase a person’s likelihood of contracting the virus, and where the virus is most prevalent. This information is obtained by the CDC through surveillance. Surveillance is the “ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of data regarding a health-related event. HIV/AIDS surveillance observes records and disseminates reports about...
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...Elizabeth Reynolds Writing 5 Essay One Assignment: The Tuskegee Study Free at Last: the Center for Disease Control Ends and Ethical Research Practices Begin During the forty year Tuskegee Study, the government overstepped its duties and infringed on innocent African American lives. Researchers in Macon County, Alabama started this study in 1932 in order to examine the effects of untreated syphilis in African American men. The study began with 399 subjects with the disease and 201 without it; by the time the research was halted in 1972, over one hundred of the men had died (Jones 2). One government organization involved in this experimentation acted particularly irrationally: the Center for Disease Control (CDC). The CDC knew exactly what was going on with the Tuskegee Experiment and understood that the subjects were being denied treatment. However, the CDC never questioned the morality of their experiment. Furthermore, the director at the time, Dr. David Sencer, was an advocate for continuing the research. Even when Dr. Irwin J. Schatz, staff member of the Henry Ford Hospital, first sent his letter to the CDC objecting to the Tuskegee study in 1964, Dr. Sencer allowed the CDC to set the letter aside and pretend it did not exist. When another opponent of the study, Peter Buxton, started his 1965 investigation of the study, Sencer’s first concern was not that the CDC was acting unethically, but that the CDC would get bad press (Jones 190). Clearly the CDC was not actually...
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...ethics is their undeniability to gain the trust of not only their employees, but all of America. The CDC’s mission statement does a recap of everything they vow to uphold for society to feel safe. The relationship between the code of ethics and the mission statement is their ability to put society at ease. Not every organization can put together statements and be able to prove themselves time after time. For example in September of 2004 the Center for Disease Control and Prevention awarded the Center for HIV/ AIDS Care and Research (CHACR) at Boston Medical Center $2.25 million dollars to help make HIV prevention projects more established throughout Boston neighborhoods (“U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Boston Medical Center awarded $2.25 million to establish prevention program,” 2004). The correlation of the ethics activity shows that even if employees stand unaware of what would be considered ethically correct they have assigned teams that thorough investigate the scenario to make sure a correct route is taken to prove that they stand ethically behind their mission statement of providing a better quality of life. The open variety of scenarios allows for the organization to have a strong cultured background, that every employee can widely make ethical decisions for the greatest good of the organization. Conclusion The Center for Disease Control and Prevention has become an established organization based on the valued support and effort put into not only their...
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...chronic, life-threatening conditions caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV interferes with the body’s ability to fight off viruses, bacteria, and fungi that cause disease. HIV makes the infected person more susceptible to certain types of cancers and to infections the body normally would resist, such as pneumonia and meningitis. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is the name given to the later stages of an HIV infection (Do Something, n.d.). HIV is transmitted from person to person via exchange of bodily fluids, including blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk, HIV can be spread by sexual contact with an infected person, by sharing needles/syringes with someone who is infected, through breastfeeding, during vaginal birth or less commonly through transfusions with infected blood. HIV has been found in saliva and tears in very low quantities and concentrations in some AIDS patients. However, contact with saliva, tears, or sweat has never been shown to result in HIV transmission (Wellness, 2012). Individuals who test positive for HIV do not necessarily have AIDS. Many individuals are HIV positive but do not show symptoms of illness for years. Individuals who do get AIDS can get very sick and die from infectious diseases and cancers that usually do not cause problems for other individuals. There is currently no cure for AIDS (Office of AIDS Administration, 2011). People with HIV show signs of AIDS when their immune system is seriously damaged. Individuals...
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...Abstract A regulatory agency related to prevention and monitoring of communicable diseases will be identified. The impact in which this organization protects and serves the health industry and its communities will be revealed. A primary health care organization that is directly responsible for reporting to the disease control agency will be described. The correlation between both the Center of Disease Control (CDC) and ProMedica Health System (PHS) will be presented as to their responsibilities and purpose in providing controlling, monitoring, evaluating, research, and education services while following regulatory health care guidelines will be presented. Introduction Regulatory agencies play an important and vital role in securing the protection, safety and welfare of our nation’s population. People, agriculture, health care industries and its affiliate employees need guidance and resources to protect the nation from dreadful diseases. Efforts to ensure the safety of the nation in the face of all kinds of diseases are developed through regulatory agencies such as the Center for Disease Control (CDC) (cdc.gov.od). Health care organizations that impact the regulatory agencies objectives of evaluating and monitoring conditions within disease control measures are found in associative organizations such as ProMedica Health System (ProMedica) as well as state and local governmental organizations. The CDC introduces the regulations, guideline and services available to our growing...
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...CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Weam Khadim PBHE501-American Public University May 21, 2013 Dr. Shalah Watkins-Bailey Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Center for Disease Control and Prevention is a national public health federal agency under Department of Health and Human Services headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. It is division of Department of Health and Human Services responsible for managing national programs for control and prevention of communicable diseases and Vector born pathogen. CDC also is in charge of implementing strategies and plans to deal with environmental health problems. It also controls quarantine activities and performs epidemiological research, and it provides consultation on an international basis for the control of preventable diseases. The subdivisions of the agency include: * The center for chronic disease prevention and health promotion * Environmental health * Health statistics * Infectious diseases * Injury prevention and control * Immunizations * Occupational safety and health (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013). The Federal Center for Disease Control (CDC) was first created on July 1946 known as Communicable Disease Center. Originally the main mission is to control malaria and other vector-borne diseases during World War II. In the beginning CDC occupied one floor of small building in Atlanta, GA with a budget of only $10 million and fewer than 400 employees. As...
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...Centers for Disease Control & Prevention 1 Management Interview Paper Lisa Patterson HCS413 December 13, 2010 Mr. Jeffrey Dodd Centers for Disease Control & Prevention 2 CDC Director- Thomas R. Frieden, MD, MPH Director, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Administrator (CDC), Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) in June 2009. Dr. Frieden has worked with communicable and noncommunicable diseases in the United States and around the whole world. He worked for the New York City’s program from 1992-1996, to control tuberculosis and reduced cases by 80 percent. From there, he resided in India for five years and assisted with national tuberculosis control efforts. It has treated well over 10 million patients and has saved more than one million lives. From 2002-2009, he was Commissioner of New York City Health Department which is one of the world’s largest public health agencies with a yearly budget of $1.7 billion and a staff of more than 6,000. By being a part of Tobacco Act, he has reduced the number of smokers by 350,000, cut teen smokers by 50%. The first place in the U.S. which was New York has shrunk trans-fats from restaurants, to gather calorie information to certain restaurants and screen the diabetes epidemic. The New York City Health Department has also created colon cancer screening rates increased. The department also has furnished the biggest community electronic health...
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... including Kaposi’s sarcoma, became oddly prevalent among young homosexual men. By the end of 1981, of the 270 reported cases of unexplained immunodeficiency, 121 individuals had died. The unknown disease was dubbed GRID (Gay-Related ImmunoDeficiency) by the American media, and this was the root of much stigmatization against HIV-positive individuals and homosexuals that unfortunately remains today. It was obvious that a national health crisis was developing, however, current United States President Ronald Reagan remain oddly silent, no national response or policy was established, and stigma was allow to run rampant, severely impacting...
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...a great example of public health efforts. From John Snow solving the case of cholera and establishing environmental sanitation policies, to instituting tuberculosis centers, and maternal and child care programs to name a few; the city of Chicago has done great things. In their public health efforts to help create a healthier community Chicago, Illinois recently held its first Heroin Abuse Awareness Day. According to the news article provided by Yahoo, November 4 is now “Heroin Abuse Day,” which efforts are to raise awareness amongst Chicago residents, in particular the parents (Dickson, 2015). Illinois State Representative, Patti Bullock, was in complete shocked when she received the statistics from the Center Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The CDC’s data revealed that Chicago is among the regions most affected by drug related deaths. Since 2010, heroin related deaths have tripled. In relation to the classroom and readings this new act encompasses many topics we have covered. For example, at the epidemiological level, data revealed the tremendous impact that...
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...Hepatitis B: A Global Health Crisis Gina Duron Grand Canyon University: NRS 427V November 15, 2015 Hepatitis B: A Global Health Crisis Approximately one-third of the world’s population have been infected with the hepatitis b virus (HBV) and 240 million people are infected with chronic hepatitis b infection worldwide. This communicable disease is a potentially life threatening liver infection. It has become a global health problem that affects all areas of the world. Many organizations, health care providers, and governments around the world are working together to address the health concerns that affect different parts of the world. By understanding the health determinants that affect hepatitis b and researching the epidemiologic triangle of hepatitis b, policies and plans can be developed to guide the community health nurse in her role in reducing the morbidity and mortality of this communicable disease. What is Hepatitis B? Hepatitis b is a viral infection that can manifest as acute or chronic. Approximately ninety percent of adults with a normal immune status can recover completely from a newly acquired hepatitis b infection. Infants, young children, immunocompromised persons infected with hepatitis b are more at risk for developing the chronic form of disease which can lead to life threatening liver disease and liver cancer. Symptoms of HBV include jaundice of skin and sclera, abdominal pain, fever, joint pain, weakness and nausea and vomiting. This communicable...
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...Running head: AIDS/HIV IN THE AFRICAN AMERICAN COMMUNITY MBA 530 Community Health Evaluation/Epidemiology Dr. Patricia Pierce Latoya Blain 06/17/2012 AIDS/HIV in the African American Community Of all the ethnic and racial groups of the United States of America, the African Americans are the ones who have been to a larger extent faced with the HIV/AIDS burden. Statistics show that more than two hundred and thirty thousand African Americans have already passed on as a result of AIDS- a figure which represents 40% of the total deaths in the U.S. Besides, it is estimated that those living with HIV in the U.S. are more than one million, half of whom are blacks (NASTAD, 2005). The probability of having been infected with HIV/AIDS among the African Americans is one on every 16 (for the black males) and 1 in every 30 people (for the black women). Washington D.C. has the highest prevalence of HIV infection, at three percent; with 75% of the infected people being African Americans. The National HIV/AIDS Strategy has reported that African Americans form the greatest proportion of the many cases of HIV/AIDS in the various transmission sorts, including among women, injection drug users, infants and heterosexual men (The White House, 2010). From the above statistics, one may, therefore, wonder African Americans as affected by AIDS in such a disproportionate manner. Historically, it was back in the early 1980s...
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...help its employees make ethical decisions. The Centers for Disease Control and prevention (CDC) organization is the national public health organization that is committed to protect the health and safety of our nation. CDC’s mission statement focuses on to protect the health and safety of our communities through prevention strategies and control of disease. The mission statement motivates the employees to do their best to prevent diseases and infection. The code of ethics provides guidance to ensure that CDC employees avoid situations that could violate ethics law (CDC, 2013). The organization’s mission statement and culture reflect its ethical values. Organization’s Goals and how they are tied to its ethical principles The organization’s goals are to provide protection for our nation’s health and safety. The CDC has pledged to treat all human beings with dignity, honesty, and respect. They have also pledged to provide an environment for positive personal growth and integrity. The CDC provides employment for over 17,000 employees and they work to provide a diverse work environment where everyone is treated equally, respectfully, and with human dignity. The ethical principles tied to the organizational goals are autonomy and integrity. Everyone deserves to be treated with respect, and everyone deserves the truth. The CDC works to provide the most truthful information regarding disease, both treatment and prevention. They are using new technology to make access to...
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...HIV in the African American Population HIV in the African American Population The year was 1981, and the first discovered cases of PCP, Pneumocystis Cabrini pneumonia was discovered in five young males who did not fit the norm for being diagnosed with this disease. In 1983, the isolation of a T lymph tropic retrovirus was found. In January 1983, the CDC reported a new disease which could be sexually transmitted both homosexually and heterosexual, passed from mother to infant, through blood and blood products. A note was made that the disease could also be passed from a negative host, who carried the disease asymptomatically. On February 7th, the world takes notice of the African American blacks and their relationship with the HIV/AIDS epidemic. In 2006, blacks composed approximately 12% of the United States population over the age of 13. Out of that reported number it was estimated that 46% of them are living with HIV/AIDS. 63% of those cases were from between male to male cases, with 83% new cases being from high risk heterosexual black females. The numbers from the CDC report it is an estimated 12.3 per 10,000 blacks that are currently affected yearly. Of all the ethnic and racial groups of the United States of America, the African Americans are the ones who have been to a larger extent faced with the HIV/AIDS burden. Statistics show that more than two hundred and thirty thousand African Americans have already passed on as a result of AIDS- a figure which represents...
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...How to Prevent Infection with Safe Injection and Medication Practices? Infection transmission risks are present in all hospital settings (Siegel, Rhinehart, Jackson, Chiarello, & the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee, 2007, p. 31). A recent online survey of more than 5,000 healthcare practitioners revealed an alarming lapse in basic infection control practices associated with the use of syringes, needles, multi-dose vials, single-use vials, and flush solutions (Paparella, 2011, p. 564). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) there has been at least 49 infection outbreaks occurring because of contaminated injectable medical products since 2001 particularly at the time of administration. Out of the 49 outbreaks occurring, 26 of those took place in the past five years (Jayanthi, 2014). The transmission of bloodborne viruses and other microbial pathogens to patients during routine healthcare procedures continues to occur because of the use of unsafe and improper injection, infusion, and medication vial practices by health care professionals in various clinical settings throughout the United States. Breaches in safe injection, infusion, and medication vial practices continue to result in unacceptable and devastating events for patients (Dolan et al., 2010, p. 167). With this in mind it is necessary to understand the causes of and how to effectively prevent infection and injury with safe injection and medication vial practices...
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