...Race and Ethnicity Should racial profiling be a legitimate law-enforcement policy in some areas? Should Affirmative Action for state university enrollment be continued? Should the primary method of public school funding--property taxes in individual school districts--be amended to create more fairness in schools? Should high-school history classes and social-studies curriculum be changed to reflect diversity and multicultural perspectives? Should Christmas, Easter, and other religious observances be considered national holidays? If a university offers "African-American Studies" or "Black Studies" as courses, should it also offer "European-American Studies" or "White Studies"? How do certain television programs perpetuate racial or ethnic stereotypes? Should Columbus Day be discontinued in favor of a new post-colonial perspective? Should schools only purchase textbooks that offer revised or alternative histories of historical events? What should be done about racial disparities in the sentencing of criminals? Should the American government pay reparations and return land to Native Americans? Should hate groups have the right to distribute literature on university campuses? If research shows that certain racial or ethnic groups receive poorer medical care on average, how should this problem be corrected? Should governmental organizations have staffs that accurately reflect the racial, ethnic, and gender balance in society? Gender and Sexuality What should be...
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...pregnancy has been the leading topic of many U.S. talk shows, news programs, documentaries, and movies. Its appearance in so many mediums demonstrates that there is a fascination with and strong desire to understand the problem of teen pregnancy in the United States and the constant search for a solution. There have been many studies on the physical causes of teen pregnancy such as rising hormone levels, the adolescent brain’s transition, and more. Although there has been some progress, there still seems to be insufficient understanding of the sociological and psychological factors involved that may explain why teen pregnancy is so rampant in our society. These factors become relevant from birth and extend into adolescence. Often the influence lasts well into adulthood, after the child has become a parent themselves, which can in turn affect their children. A...
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...Media Topic 1: Explanations of Media Influences on Antisocial Behaviour Observational Learning Where individuals observe and imitate the behaviour of others. Many argue that watching television can teach viewers violent behaviour/draw their attention to behaviours they wouldn’t have previously considered. Bandura (1983) used his Social Learning Theory to explain this. Watching violent role models may increase violent behaviour in those who are already motivated to behave aggressively. TV may also teach viewers the positive and negative consequences of behaving aggressively. Research on the role of observational learning from media in antisocial behaviour has shown: ‐ Bandura et al (1986): Children aged 3‐5 were shown films of a model behaving aggressively towards a “bobo doll”. The doll was hit, thrown, sat on and punched in the nose 3 times during the film. The children were then lead to laboratory containing toys (including the bobo doll), and were observed during free play. 88% of the children imitated the behaviour seen in the film‐ significantly more than a control group of children who did not see the film. ‐ Bobo dolls do not retaliate when hit. This raises questions as to how much this study tells us about the effect of media influences on antisocial behaviour towards other human beings. ‐ Smith et al (2004): The children’s behave would be better defined as “rough and tumble play” rather than aggression. ‐ Some have labelled Bandura’s study as artificial...
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...As one prescription drug abuser in his early 20’s explained: Once people (pill brokers) know you take them prescription opioids, they’ll start calling you. “Oh, it’s this time of the month.” Then they wait for that person to get their script. They know exactly in their head what day the script’s getting ready to come so they got the patterns down. Pill brokers and dealers reported congregating in open air drug markets typically strip mall and pharmacy parking lots, and outside methadone clinics to buy, sell, and trade prescription drugs. These markets were reported to involve a variety of transactions, including the purchase of prescription drugs for cash, as well as trades for crack and heroin. Pill brokers also reported the purchase of used fentanyl patches from nurses who have stolen them from pain patients or from disposal containers in hospitals. Some individuals frequenting the drug markets also barter their oxycodone for other opioids or benzodiazepines, typically alprazolam. Doctor Shopping focus group participants indicated that even in a small state like Delaware, doctor shopping appeared to be fairly easy. The vast majority of abusers reported obtaining medications through doctor shopping, and most reported frequenting at least four physicians in order to obtain sufficient amounts of their desired medications. Occasionally clinics and hospital emergency rooms were reported as locations for doctor shopping as well. A heavy user stated: Another focus group member...
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...An Overview of Advertising Chapter 1 1.1 Introduction If we look up the word ‘advertise' in the New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary (1990) we find the following definition: ‘Make an announcement in a public place; describe or present goods publicly with a view to promoting sales.'; Right after that we find advertisement defined as: ‘A public announcement (formerly by the town-crier, now usually in newspapers, on posters, by television, etc)' It was Daniel Starch (1926), one of the early pioneers of advertising theory in the twentieth century, who back in the 1920s, reminded us that the Latin root for advertising is advertere. This roughly translates as ‘to turn towards'. L.E Boone and D. Kurtz, (1998) Advertising is a specific type of marketing that brings a product to the attention of consumers and may be delivered through a variety of media channels such as television, radio, print, billboards, personal contact and the internet. Advertising is a very effective method to convey the company's message to its target market. In olden days there was no such concept of advertising because people would only buy products. They were only concerned about the utility of the product. The scenario changed with the passage of time and the marketers started something different. They associated the products with emotions, life style, style etc. With the passage of time the market got bigger and it was difficult to have one product for all the market so the marketers divided...
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...Foundation of Psychology Psychology Foundation of Psychology Debbie Rodgers Colorado Technical University Online PSYC120-1301B-02 Professor Susan Sandman March 18, 2013 Biography of Diana Princess of Wales Diana was born on July 1, 1961, a direct descendent of King Charles II, she became Lady Diana Spencer in 1975 when her father became eighth Earl of Spencer. She lived with her father and three siblings after her parent divorced in 1969, father Edward John Spencer, Viscount Althorpe, and mother Francis Ruth Burke Roche, Viscountess Althorpe, and later Honorable Francis Shand Kydd. Diana was a shy child loved music, ballet, and had a fondness for children, although she was a poor student she became a teacher and taught kindergarten at Young England School. As a child, she played with Prince Andrew and Prince Edward she was no stranger to royalty they rented Park House. Later she went on to marry Prince Charles, twelve years her senior on July 29, 1981 with a much publicized wedding, a year later Prince William Arthur Philip Louis was born on June 21, 1982, two years later Prince (Harry) Henry Charles Albert David was born September 15, 1984 and was a very devoted mother. Diana gave up her title of Her Royal Highness after divorcing Prince Charles in 1996. Extreme pressure of wife, mother, and princes left her depressed, she often cut herself on the arms and legs and several suicide attempts, and she became a model for depression and bulimia...
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...Children as Consumers: Advertising and Marketing Children as Consumers: Advertising and Marketing Sandra L. Calvert Summary Marketing and advertising support the U.S. economy by promoting the sale of goods and services to consumers, both adults and children. Sandra Calvert addresses product marketing to children and shows that although marketers have targeted children for decades, two recent trends have increased their interest in child consumers. First, both the discretionary income of children and their power to influence parent purchases have increased over time. Second, as the enormous increase in the number of available television channels has led to smaller audiences for each channel, digital interactive technologies have simultaneously opened new routes to narrow cast to children, thereby creating a growing media space just for children and children’s products. Calvert explains that paid advertising to children primarily involves television spots that feature toys and food products, most of which are high in fat and sugar and low in nutritional value. Newer marketing approaches have led to online advertising and to so-called stealth marketing techniques, such as embedding products in the program content in films, online, and in video games. All these marketing strategies, says Calvert, make children younger than eight especially vulnerable because they lack the cognitive skills to understand the persuasive intent of television and online advertisements...
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...A STUDY ON DRUG ABUSE AMONG YOUTHS AND FAMILY RELATIONSHIP <<青年濫藥與家庭關係的研究 青年濫藥與家庭關係的研究>> 青年濫藥與家庭關係的研究 THE FINAL REPORT (FINAL version) February 2011 1 PREFACE The project on the study on “DRUG ABUSE AMONG YOUTHS AND FAMILY RELATIONSHIP” (“the Study”) is being undertaken by the Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention and the Department of Social Work and Social Administration at the University of Hong Kong (“the Consultant”). The research team comprises the principal investigator (PI), Professor Paul YIP, Director of the Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention and Professor of the Department of Social Work and Social Administration at the University of Hong Kong, and eight co-investigators (Co-Is), Dr. CHEUNG Siu Lan Karen (Demographer), Dr. Sandra Tsang (Social and Family Worker), Dr. Samson Tse (Focus group expert on mental health and drug abuse), Dr. Wong Oi Ling (Family therapist, Family Institute), Prof. Karen Laidler (Sociologist, expertise on assessing drug abuse problem), Dr. Paul Wong (Clinical psychologist), Ms. Frances Law (Social Worker), and Dr. Lilian Wong (Associate Consultant, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tseung Kwan O Hospital, Hospital Authority). We would like to thank Mr. Gary Ip, the research assistant of the Department of Social Work and Social Administration, Ms. Garlum Lau, the senior research officer 2 of the Department of Sociology, the participants and NGOs for focus groups and case studies for their kind and valuable...
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...A STUDY ON DRUG ABUSE AMONG YOUTHS AND FAMILY RELATIONSHIP 青年濫藥與家庭關係的研究 THE FINAL REPORT (FINAL version) February 2011 1 PREFACE The project on the study on “DRUG ABUSE AMONG YOUTHS AND FAMILY RELATIONSHIP” (“the Study”) is being undertaken by the Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention and the Department of Social Work and Social Administration at the University of Hong Kong (“the Consultant”). The research team comprises the principal investigator (PI), Professor Paul YIP, Director of the Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention and Professor of the Department of Social Work and Social Administration at the University of Hong Kong, and eight co-investigators (Co-Is), Dr. CHEUNG Siu Lan Karen (Demographer), Dr. Sandra Tsang (Social and Family Worker), Dr. Samson Tse (Focus group expert on mental health and drug abuse), Dr. Wong Oi Ling (Family therapist, Family Institute), Prof. Karen Laidler (Sociologist, expertise on assessing drug abuse problem), Dr. Paul Wong (Clinical psychologist), Ms. Frances Law (Social Worker), and Dr. Lilian Wong (Associate Consultant, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tseung Kwan O Hospital, Hospital Authority). We would like to thank Mr. Gary Ip, the research assistant of the Department of Social Work and Social Administration, Ms. Garlum Lau, the senior research officer 2 of the Department of Sociology, the participants and NGOs for focus groups and case studies for their kind and valuable support on this...
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...THE EFFECT OF ADVERTISING ON CUSTOMER CHOICE A CASE STUDY OF CENTURY BOTTLING COMPANY LIMITED BY SEBYALA BOSCO 10/U/141910/BSE/PE A RESEARCH REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR’S DEGREE OF BUSINESS STUDIES WITH EDUCATION OF KYAMBOGO UNIVERSITY AUGUST 2013 DECLARATION I Sebyala Bosco Registration Number 10/U/141910/BSE/PE, declare that this research report entitled “The effect of Advertising on Customer Choice case study of Century Bottling Company Limited” is out of my own effort and it has never been submitted to any institution for any award. Sign …………………….. Date……………………………. Sebyala Bosco 10/U/141910/BSE/PE APPROVAL This is to certify that the research report entitled “The effect of Advertising on Customer Choice case study of Century Bottling Company Limited” by Sebyala Bosco registration number 10/U/141910/BSE/PE has been done under my supervision. The research report is ready for submission to School of Management and Entrepreneurship with my approval as University supervisor. Sign: ……………………………… Date:……………………….. Ms. Nakatete Phionah (Supervisor) DEDICATION I dedicate this report to my beloved father Dr. Bukenya John Vicent, my beloved mother Ms. Namuli Josephine, Mr. Lubega Fred and Haji Kazibwe, Prof. Kawuma, Hajjati Sarah...
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...considerable research, the model has gone through signiJicant developments. A more comprehensive model is presented here that reviews the following: various motivations of the influencing agent; an assessment of available power bases in terms of potential effectiveness, time perspective, personal preferences, values and norms; consideration of other strategies such as manipulation; utilization of various preparatory and stage-setting devices to strengthen olte’s power resources; implementation of the power strategies; assessment of effectiveness of influence attempt and its positive andl or negative aftereffects; use of various ameliorative devices; and review, reconsideration, and another round of influence strategies. The overall model is examined in terms of its applicability to various settings including hospital infection control, patient compliance with physicians’ recommendations, confrontations between political jgures, children’s influence on their peers, conflict resolution and negotiation, as well as supervisorlsubordinate relationships. More than 30 years have now elapsed since John R. P. French and I presented a typological analysis of the bases of power in interpersonal inThis article is based on a presentation made at the...
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...Film260 Week 2: iFriends Professor Sydney Matrix May 12, 2013 Lecture Notes Friendship in the Age of Social Media * 7 out of 10 people use social media (this hasn’t changed in 2 years) * 7 out of 10 facebookers check it every day * Many people say they’re spending less time on FB than we used to (but FB says we aren’t) * So do we have a disconnection between perception and reality? * Is FB so habitual that we go on every day for like 20 minutes but we think it’s 5? * Study from Social Bakers says the top reasons for not Facebooking are: * “I’m too busy” * “There’s too much drama” * “It’s too boring/irrelevant” * Migration from Facebook where all the parents and the police are to a more instant gratification like Snapchat (where there’s instantaneity and impermanency) * Younger generations may migrate to things like Snapchat because of the instant gratification and the impermanency of it all * A lot of people freak out over the “once I put it on FB or Twitter, I can never take it off” but Snapchat gives that false sense of security (self-destruct feature) which is why it’s often used for sexting * Social media fatigue – getting tired of social media * Leads to you taking a vacation from the site * But it’s really hard to do so cause FB is integrated into everyday event planning, decision making and networking * People who love FB the most are of course, the ones who are forbidden from...
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... Describe the development of the field and explain the prenatal and newborn stages of human development. Discuss physical development in infants and newborns. Examine Piaget’s stage theory in relation to early cognitive development. Illustrate the importance of attachment in psychosocial development. Discuss the impact of sexual development in adolescence and changes in moral reasoning in adolescents and young adults. Examine the life stages within Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development. Illustrate the physical, cognitive, and social aspects of aging. Describe the multiple influences of nature and nurture in human development. 12.3 Adolescence and Young Adulthood Physical Development Cognitive Development Social Development Cognitive Development Social Development Continuity or Change Relationships Ages and Stages of Adulthood 12.5 Nature and Nurture Summary of Multiple Influences on Development CONCEPT LEARNING CHECK 12.5 Nature or Nurture? CONCEPT LEARNING CHECK 12.3 Defining CONCEPT LEARNING CHECK 12.4 Is There a Adolescence “Right Time” for Everything? CRITICAL THINKING APPLICATION 12.4 Adulthood and Aging Physical Development Reproductive Life Life Expectancy...
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...FORWARD Know ye not that they which run in a race run all, but one receiveth the prize? So run, that you may obtain said the scriptures (1 Cor. 9:24). Many people engage in a race to success but only few gets to the ladder top. This book reveals hidden secrets that lead to successful end. As one aspiring to succeed; the “Race to Success” requires unwavering determination, praying expectantly and never giving up. A winner never quits and a quitter never wins. Abraham Lincoln lived the failures, difficulties and frustrations for most of his life yet he became the 16th president of the United States of America (USA) in 1860. Sir Isaac Newton in his bid to develop the fluorescent bulb failed 5,000 times but did not give up until the last attempt that he discovered the secret and was able to produce the fluorescent bulb. What if he had given up along the way? He wouldn’t have emerged a conqueror in the face of brainstorming challenges. What about Sir Edmund Hillary? Who attempted climbing Mount Everest and lost one of his team and returned to London as a failure. But he said “Mount Everest, you have defeated me, but I will return and defeat you because you can’t get any bigger and I CAN”. Many are the secrets you will discover as you read through this book. Whether you are a Christian or not the book will help you understand more about your life, lead you on how to engage in a race that leads to success, even if you are involved in one already it will assist you, tells you the way...
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...INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS AND GROUP PROCESSES Going Green to Be Seen: Status, Reputation, and Conspicuous Conservation Vladas Griskevicius Joshua M. Tybur University of Minnesota University of New Mexico Bram Van den Bergh Rotterdam School of Management Why do people purchase proenvironmental “green” products? We argue that buying such products can be construed as altruistic, since green products often cost more and are of lower quality than their conventional counterparts, but green goods benefit the environment for everyone. Because biologists have observed that altruism might function as a “costly signal” associated with status, we examined in 3 experiments how status motives influenced desire for green products. Activating status motives led people to choose green products over more luxurious nongreen products. Supporting the notion that altruism signals one’s willingness and ability to incur costs for others’ benefit, status motives increased desire for green products when shopping in public (but not private) and when green products cost more (but not less) than nongreen products. Findings suggest that status competition can be used to promote proenvironmental behavior. Keywords: altruism, environmental conservation, costly signaling, status competition, consumer behavior ported that the number one reason for purchasing the car is because it “makes a statement about me.” What statement does the Prius make? “It shows the world that its owner...
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