...Chinese market, knowing that they would be required to limit the information they made available to Chinese users. If Google chose to enter into agreement with the Communist Party, they would be able to tap into an enormous market opportunity. Google would thereby be able to establish a dominant presence within one of the world’s most rapidly growing countries, getting potential access to over 1.3 billion people and 103 million Internet users. Furthermore, China has been able to break barriers in every market, quickly demanding the attention of foreign investors: “As a result of these [Mao’s successors] reforms, China’s GDP grew tenfold over three decades” (Ibid., 471). Worsfold’s Google in China case study explains: “In the U.S., nearly 70% of the total population is online, whereas in China, fewer than 10% of its 1.3 billion people use the web. With 20, 18, and 34% growth in web users for the years 2005, 2004, and 2003 respectively, the PRC will soon make up the world’s largest block of internet users”. Every company has an obligation to their stakeholders and Google establishing...
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...Question 1.1 Critically assess theories of internationalisation in relation to internet companies such as Facebook? Now, more and more people use social media to connect with their friends and family. Facebook could be the most popular one used by many people from all over the world. Up until 2013, Facebook got up to 1.06 billion monthly active users and 680 million mobile users (Smith, 2013). In terms of internationalization, Facebook successfully launched to the whole world and nowadays, almost all the countries are using Facebook even some poorer country from Africa (Facebook Statistics by Countries, 2013). The company successfully launched to almost all countries because it puts a lot of attention to the differences between each country has so it has succeed in terms of internationalization. First, new features could attract more people to join Facebook since the website is used by people from all over the world and this gives the company opportunity to have the free advertisement from one place to another. For example, in the year of 2013, Facebook just introduces a free call application for their the United States iPhone users and this could attract more people to join Facebook and get them connected to the rest of the world (Hamburger, 2013). From here, we might think this is good only for attracting more users from the United States, but it could attract more people from the rest of the world. Suppose, one person from the United States never had a Facebook...
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...put in them. But where did this trust come from, and is it really deserved? The Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) determines the ratings on almost every film that is produced today. Although filmmakers are not required to have a rating attached to their films, the MPAA has great power in its ratings. After a close examination of the MPAA movie rating system, it is clear that there are many flaws both because of its unfair rating of different films and also because of its vague guidelines. Before the MPAA's rating system can be critiqued, it is important to understand society's need for censorship, the difficulty in rating, and the history and past critiques of not only the MPAA's rating system, but the other systems that came before it. It is impossible to look at the rating system without questioning the need for it in the first place. Media censorship is tricky, because it must “protect both free speech and children” (Jordan 235). There is a very tricky balance between these two sides. The American government recognizes the right to free speech. This means that, technically speaking, filmmakers are allowed to be able to express what they want to express in the way that they would like to express it. However, at the same time, some of the ways that filmmakers express their ideas are things that society considers immoral, and thus, society believes that children must be sheltered from these things. A balance must be met to provide a reasonable amount...
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...what we know today and what we see in China, we believe our decision to launch the Google.cn service in addition to our Google.com service is a reasonable one, better for Chinese users and better for Google.… Self-censorship, like that which we are now required to perform in China, is something that conflicts deeply with our core principles.… This was not something we did enthusiastically or something that we’re proud of at all.3 MacLean knew that he was perfectly prepared for his current position as director of International Business. After earning a computer-science degree, MacLean had traveled extensively, implementing information systems with an IT consulting firm. He was well-versed in the technical and cultural components of this current project. It was his first job after earning an MBA. He had worked very hard as a summer intern to get his foot in the door at Google, Inc., and landed a job offer in his second year of the MBA program. He had been working at Google for 13 months and was starting to worry about his job security. Within the organization, he did not have enough political capital to weather a storm of critiques. The congressional hearing had planted seeds of doubt in MacLean’s head about the Google in China decision. Was Google endorsing censorship by conforming to the Chinese...
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...Searching for Internet Freedom in China_GALLEYED (Do Not Delete) 3/18/2013 9:19 PM SEARCHING FOR INTERNET FREEDOM IN CHINA: A CASE STUDY ON GOOGLE’S CHINA EXPERIENCE JYH-AN LEE,* CHING-YI LIU,** AND WEIPING LI*** ABSTRACT ........................................................................................ 406 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................. 406 I. THE NATURE OF THE INTERNET AND GOOGLE’S BUSINESS ............ 408 A. The Evolving Nature of the Internet................................. 408 B. The Study of Google and its China Experience................ 409 II. GOOGLE.CN AND CHINA’S INTERNET POLICY ............................... 412 A. The Story of Google.cn .................................................... 413 B. China’s Internet Policy in the Case of Google.cn............. 419 1. Technological Control of Search Engines .................. 419 2. Legal Control of Search Engines................................ 421 III. POLICY IMPLICATIONS FROM THE CASE OF GOOGLE.CN .............. 423 A. Global Network, Local Internet........................................ 424 B. Leveraging Commercial Power to Regulate the Internet . 426 IV. THE ACCOUNTABILITY CRISIS IN INTERNET GOVERNANCE ......... 428 A. The Problem of Internet Accountability ........................... 428 B. Solutions to the Digital-Accountability Problem ............. 431 CONCLUSION.......................................................................
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...Case Analysis on “ Colgate Max Fresh: Global Brand Roll - Out “ BY Group – 8 Situation Analysis Company Background * 10.6$ billion revenue (2005). * Operating in 200 countries. * 70% of sales outside USA. * Two core product segments: Oral personal & home care pet nutrition segments. Organization structure * Regional presidents with P&L responsibility. * Global business development groups organized by category. Year 2004 * Reported +6.5% unit volume growth. * +7% sales dollar growth. * +0.1% point growth in gross profit margin to 55.1% . * Colgate launched world’s first commercial toothpaste in 1873. * In 1955, P&G launched first fluoride toothpaste – Crest. * By 1990, virtually all toothpaste in U.S. offered fluoride protection and consumers evolved to additional oral care concerns. * In 1997, CP launched Colgate Total promising 12 hours protection against full range of oral health problems. Colgate max fresh product development * Global research and development works with CIC’s to develop new products. * CMF utilized patented technology of dissolvable mini breath strips as a point of differentiation. * Product consisted of small pieces of “Tape”, packaged in a convenient carrying case which dissolves on the tongue releasing a flavor designed for fresh breath . Initiatives & cannibalization * Four factors involving franchise growth: 1. Consumer substitution 2. Market Spending ...
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...Market Entry Strategies for Entering E-Commerce Business in China May 18th 2014 Table of Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Market overview 1 3 Market analysis 2 3.1 Approach using Porter’s Five Forces 2 3.2 Approach using SWOT analysis 2 4 Failed market entrants 3 5 Successful market entrants 3 5.1 Leveraging local platforms 3 5.2 Buying stakes in local businesses 4 5.3 The case of Amazon 4 6 Key success factors 4 6.1 Understanding the market 5 6.2 Differentiation 5 6.3 Social Media 5 6.4 Payments 5 6.5 Logistics 5 7 Conclusion 5 8 Bibliography 6 Introduction This paper covers challenges and strategies in entering the e-commerce business in China from a Western point of view. The focus thereby is on companies doing classical business-to-consumer (B2C) business and that are established players in their home market. Market overview According to market analysis (ref 1-2-3) the e-commerce market in China surpassed the U.S. one in 2013, reaching almost 300bn USD in turnover while U.S. reached just little above 250bn USD. Not only the size is impressive but also the growth rate, which has been around 70% in China since 2009 compared to 13% in the U.S. (see Figure 1). The online part of the retail sector is around 7% whereas Western countries report from 2% to 6% according to (Hoffmann & Lannes, 2013). In addition, more than 50% of all transactions are carried out via mobile devices. Finally, it is important to mention...
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...Articles 1. „Launch a New Car Brand in China, Whether You Like It Or Not“ How Government Officials Push Auto Marketers to Add 'Indigenous' Brands. Mike Dunne, 12.04.2011, http://adage.com/article/global-news/china-officials-push-car-makers-add-indigenous-brands/226949/ 2.China's motor industry - Stepping on the gas Apr 24th 2012, 8:33 by P.C. http://www.economist.com/node/21553327 Articles Asia and South-America are the most rapidly developing regions in the world. With the biggest population – China – still being #2 in the biggest economy ranking, but they are gaining up and pretty soon are going to be at top place. Therefore that region is full of opportunities and that’s why it is attractive for enterpreneurs and corporations. But where are opportunities, there are threats and weaknessess as well (SWOT). At this time the car industry in China is mainly held by well-known car producers. They are co-operating slightly with local enterpreneurs and corporations, but the brandname and the intellectual rights are only theirs. General Motors (joint with SAIC-GM-Wuling), Honda (joint with Guangzhou Automobile Group Co) and Nissan are the exceptions. By now Volkswagen, Hyundai and Toyota are also creating and expanding joint ventures. And there are lots of others going to do the same. The logic behind this is simple – China wants, that on their local market they would have local, not international brands. That’s the reason to pressurize big brands to create joint ventures...
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...“vulnerable in a maledominated world”, marriage was considered an impending fate for women as India’s workforce was primarily male dominated omen , w were dependent on men for financial support (Nijhawan 103). Getting married was also a must for women and was seen as the only ‘respectable’ course of action in a womans life. Widows in Indian society were treated poorly and had a low social standing, even though they had followed all respectable social norms “How much the women dread widowhood is exhibited to the full in the fact that to call a woman a widow is to offer her a dire insult” (Temple 65). The courtesans of the time seemed to live outside of these sociocultural norms. Analysis of courtesan in India and how they are represented in Bollywood can help us understand their place in the Indian society . Being a courtesan gave a woman the ability to live a life other than that of a normative housewife. Courtesan life provided an escape from an unhappy and heavily restricted life in the husbands family/home. It also provided a means...
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...Freedom of Connection – Freedom of Expression: The Changing Legal and Regulatory Ecology Shaping the Internet by William H. Dutton Anna Dopatka Michael Hills Ginette Law and Victoria Nash Oxford Internet Institute University of Oxford 1 St Giles Oxford OX1 3JS United Kingdom 19 August 2010 A report prepared for UNESCO’s Division for Freedom of Expression, Democracy and Peace. The opinions expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UNESCO or its Division for Freedom of Expression, Democracy and Peace. Preface As stated in its Constitution, UNESCO is dedicated to “Promoting the free flow of ideas by word and image”. Part of this mission, therefore, is to promote freedom of expression and freedom of the press through sensitization and monitoring activities, as a central element in building strong democracies, contributing to good governance, promoting civic participation and the rule of law, and encouraging human development and security. Media independence and pluralism are fostered by the Organization, providing advisory services on media legislation and sensitizing governments and parliamentarians, as well as civil society and relevant professional associations. However, UNESCO recognizes that the principle of freedom of expression must apply not only to traditional media, but also...
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...Issues of Concern in the Study of Children’s Literature Translation Elena Xeni Teaching Staff – Language Pedagogy Department of Education, University of Cyprus Summary The present paper focuses on issues of concern in the study of Children‟s Literature Translation (ChLT). Attempting an overview from the years when ChLT was much ignored in the academic and non-academic world to the years that attention is paid to ChLT as a scientific field in its own right, the present paper illustrates issues that have generated intense and ongoing discussions. Issues such as the missionary role of ChLT, the theoretical framework of ChLT, the translator‟s invisibility, low status, profile and royalties, translatability vs. untranslatability, ideology, censorship, manipulation, and ambivalence are visited in this paper. These issues have had a deep impact on key ChLT actors, processes, and products: the child-reader, the translator, the translated text, the translation process, the author, the publisher, etc. The present text is a modest attempt to join efforts with the international community of scholars, translators, authors, children readers, publishers and other parties with an interest in ChLT, so as for the field to be given its merit in Translation, Comparative, Literary and Interdisciplinary Studies and for the translator –who had for long been much invisible and undervalued –to gain the place s/he deserves in history and society. 1. Introductory note It is widely accepted that Children‟s...
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...HOW TO WRITE ESSAYS Visit our How To website at www.howto.co.uk At www.howto.co.uk you can engage in conversation with some of our authors – all of whom have ‘been there and done that’ in their specialist fields. You can get access to special offers and additional content but, most importantly, you will be able to engage with, and become a part of, a wide and growing community of people just like yourself. At www.howto.co.uk you’ll be able to talk to, and share tips with, people who have similar interests and are facing similar challenges in their lives. People who, just like you, have the desire to change their lives for the better – be it through moving to a new country, starting a new business, growing their own vegetables, or writing a novel. At www.howto.co.uk you’ll find the support and encouragement you need to help make your aspirations a reality. How To Books strives to present authentic, inspiring, practical information in their books. Now, when you buy a title from How To Books, you get even more than words on a page. HOW TO WRITE ESSAYS A step-by-step guide for all levels, with sample essays Don Shiach howtobooks ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author and publishers are grateful to Nicholas Murray and the Rack Press, Kinnerton, Presteigne, Powys LD8 2PF for permission to reproduce History from Nicholas Murray’s collection ‘The Narrators’. Published by How To Content, A division of How To Books Ltd, Spring Hill House, Spring...
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...A TEACHER’S GUIDE TO THE SIGNET CLASSIC EDITION OF WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE’S ROMEO AND JULIET By ARTHEA J.S. REED, PH.D. S E R I E S W. GEIGER ELLIS, ED.D., E D I T O R S : UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA, EMERITUS and ARTHEA J. S. REED, PH.D., UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA, RETIRED A Teacher’s Guide to the Signet Classic Edition of William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet 2 INTRODUCTION William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet is an excellent introduction to Shakespearean drama; teenagers can relate to its plot, characters, and themes. The play’s action is easily understood, the character’s motives are clear, and many of the themes are as current today as they were in Shakespeare’s time. Therefore, it can be read on a variety of levels, allowing all students to enjoy it. Less able readers can experience the swash-buckling action and investigate the themes of parent-child conflict, sexuality, friendship, and suicide. Because of the play’s accessibility to teenagers, able readers can view the play from a more literary perspective, examining the themes of hostility ad its effect on the innocent, the use of deception and its consequences, and the effects of faulty decision making. They can study how the characters function within the drama and how Shakespeare uses language to develop plot, characters, and themes. The most able students can develop skills involved in literary criticism by delving into the play’s comic and tragic elements and its classically...
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...implemented Press and Public Ordinance. This law badly impacted the media as it gave powers to the the authorities to arrest journalists, impound the newspapers and put a ban on news providers. Ayub khan nationalized the press and took the control of the largest news agencies. The other agencies were bound to get financial assistance from the government as they were also led by the agencies into extreme crisis. In 1960’s Pakistan radio and television were also under the authority of the government. In 1980’s General Zia ul Haq made more additions to the PPO. If the administration did not like the story the publisher was prosecuted. General Zia ul Haq aimed to promote Islam and created connection between military and religious leaders. The censorship was dictorial for media and everything was under his control. After the death of Zia ul Haq, the media laws were revised under RPPO. Musharraf liberalized the media in the year 2002 and took over the control under him. He took steps by replacing the revised ordinance with the new ordinace.Musharaff established PEMRA to bring all the channels under the control of the state. This liberal media broke the monopoly of the state in terms of electronic media. Private TV channels FM radio channels were issued licenses under PEMRA. However this led to the fall of Musharraf regime as Media became very strong in the society Media Laws There are different legislative and regulatory mechanisms that effect the media of Pakistan. They are as follows:...
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...DCU OPEN EDUCATION LITERATURE ASSIGNMENT REPORT FORM STUDENT NAME: OVERALL GRADE FOR THIS ASSIGNMENT: SUMMARY OF PERFORMANCE TABLE Performance Components Bands (marks range as a percentage) Excellent (H1) 70-100 Very Good (H2.1) 60-69 Good (H2.2) 50-59 Fair (H3) 40-49 Weak 35-39 Poor below 35 Not applicable Attention to Task Analysis Structure Use of Sources MHRA Referencing Introduction Conclusion Standard of English Presentation This table facilitates the assessment of your performance in selected components of your assignment and is designed to alert you to general areas in your work that are strong or that need improvement. Please note that the components...
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