...Tavonna Triplett Career Paper Accounting The different types of accounting careers are Public, Government, National, Management, Financial, Tax, and. Fiduciary Accounting. Public accounting is the most varied type and includes bookkeeping, account management and financial analysis for individuals, private businesses, public firms, government or NGOs, which are either based nationally are internationally. A public accounting business can have one or more accountants and both certified and non-certified accountants can provide public accounting services to their clients. Government Accounting specific to government agencies and ensures all revenues and expenditure are in accordance to law. The conventional accounting methods of double entry system in ledgers and journals are used here. Government accounting is differentiated from other types of accounting in respect of providing service that is not profit based but service based. Government accountants are employed by the federal government, either as a part of the IRS or any other budget or asset management division. National Income Accounting is mainly for the government and is responsible for providing the general public the data with reference to the gross national product about all market-related information, such as the value of the country's goods and services provided and its purchasing power. National income accounting gives an idea about the state of economy of a country and how and where money is being generated...
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...into eight sections, which are demographics, areas of specialty for forensic accountant, traits and skills of forensic accountant, credentials for forensic accountants, protocols and abilities, effectiveness of forensic accountants, the need for additional specialization, and educational issues. The authors surveyed these particular groups because they wanted viewpoints from the forensic accountants, who provides the services and the lawyers, who employs their services. They also surveyed the academics because they develop the curricula of auditing and forensic accounting. The authors utilized an online survey program to field out the questionnaire to the three groups and the research was announced on the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) website in which they fielded 779 respondents. Once the group of respondents finished with the survey, the authors found the following responses from them. The demographics, most of the CPA’s and lawyers have been in practice for over 15 years and the respondents were mostly male, except...
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...Licensed to: iChapters User Licensed to: iChapters User Fraud Examination, Fourth Edition W. Steve Albrecht Chad O. Albrecht Conan C. Albrecht Mark F. Zimbelman VP/Editorial Director: Jack W. Calhoun Editor-in-Chief: Rob Dewey Sr. Acquisitions Editor: Matt Filimonov Associate Developmental Editor: Julie Warwick Editorial Assistant: Ann Mazzaro Marketing Manager: Natalie Livingston Marketing Coordinator: Nicole Parsons Content Project Management: PreMediaGlobal Sr. Manufacturing Buyer: Doug Wilke Production House/Compositor: PreMediaGlobal © 2012, 2009 South-Western, Cengage Learning ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored, or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web distribution, information networks, or information storage and retrieval systems, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the publisher. For product information and technology assistance, contact us at Cengage Learning Customer & Sales Support, 1-800-354-9706. For permission to use material from this text or product, submit all requests online at www.cengage.com/permissions Further permissions questions can be e-mailed to permissionrequest@cengage.com Library of Congress Control Number: 2010940986 ISBN-13:...
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...Linking Enterprise and Sustainability: a briefing paper for the Cafe Forum, 3 March 2009 This paper looks briefly at the relationship between enterprise and sustainability and is based on research undertaken by CSF in 2009-10, including practice in five other HE institutions. Introduction How ‘enterprise’ and ‘sustainability’ are conceptualised by an institution is key to their coherent expression in policy and practice. Seen in relation, a ‘sustainable enterprise culture’ might be defined as: A deep-rooted enterprise mindset valuing and balancing the sustainable development elements of economic viability, environmental responsibility, and social equity. (Wirtenberg, J. et al, 2008) Currently, two major drivers for change and development in the HE sector which invoke both enterprise and sustainability are: • the contribution of HE to economic development (DBIS, 2009) • the expected role of HE in helping achieve a transition towards more sustainable and low carbon society against a background of climate change and related issues (HEFCE, 2010) Before looking at the University’s interpretations and associated manifestations of ‘enterprise’ and ‘sustainability’, it is worth exploring and unpicking the concepts themselves. ‘Enterprise’ is deployed both in adjectival and noun forms, the former connoting a valuative stance, (as in ‘enterprising’). This leads to a certain ambiguousness in meaning and indeed, interchange between use of...
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...The Emerald Research Register for this journal is available at www.emeraldinsight.com/researchregister The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at www.emeraldinsight.com/0268-6902.htm Anatomy of computer accounting frauds A. Seetharaman, M. Senthilvelmurugan and Rajan Periyanayagam Faculty of Management, Multimedia University, Malaysia Keywords Fraud, Corruption, Financial reporting, Whistleblowing, Internal control, Corporate governance Abstract This paper introduces fraud as asset misappropriations (85 per cent of cases), corruption and fraudulent statements. Symptoms include accounting anomalies, lack of internal control environment, lifestyle and behaviour. The most effective tools for fraud detection are internal audit review, specific investigation by management, and whistle-blowing. The paper details the fraud investigation process and the role of auditors as fraud examiners. The correlation of fraud perpetrators’ personality with the size of losses is examined. Personality is analysed into age, gender, position, educational background and collusion. A strong system of internal control is most effective in fraud prevention. Fraud prevention procedures, targeted goals and improvements to system weaknesses feature in the paper. Fraud impacts on accounting transactions in accounts receivable, receipts and disbursements, accounts payable, inventories and fixed assets, and financial reporting. The monetary impact resulting from fraud is analysed...
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...The Journey of Accounting The employment for accountants and auditors is expected to grow by twenty percent between 2008 and 2018, which is much faster than the average for all occupations (“U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics” 5). This shows that accounting is a profession that is very dependable to get a job in. Accounting has been around for ages as it can be traced back to Italy in the Renaissance Era. Accountant’s nature of work is to make sure that business firms run efficiently, public records are kept accurately, and taxes are paid properly and on time (1). Accounting refers to a set of business practices designed to keep careful track of accounts, funds, and transactions between a company and its various stakeholders. The system we use today to track money in business was invented in Italy during the Renaissance. An Italian merchant invented it so that he could easily summarize his results at the end of the day. The system had a simple system of checks and balances to make sure that everything he had recorded was done correctly. The Italian merchant called his system the double-entry accounting system, and it was very simple to understand (Hart 4-5). His name was Luca Pacioli, born in Sansepulcro, Tuscany. Pacioli is known as “The Father of Accounting”. Later on, as trade increased between Europe and the Middle East, business grew beyond what a single owner could even handle. This caused the need for written records so that the business owners could keep up...
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...Innovation and Change | The role of governments in promoting innovation | | | | Gitanjali Khadagade- c7094037 | 5/14/2013 | | Table of Contents 1. Abstract ........................................................................................................3 2. Introduction to innovation ....................................................................3 3. Benefits of innovation to businesses ..................................................5 4. Why should government support innovation? ..............................6 5. National Innovation Systems ................................................................8 6.1. Role of the Government ...............................................................9 6.2. Innovation Policies .....................................................................10 6.3. Aim of Innovation Policies .......................................................10 6.4.1. National Innovation System of Europe ..........................10 6.4.2. Government of UL ..................................................................11 6.4.3. Government of India .............................................................11 6.4.4. Government of Finland .........................................................12 6.4.5. Government of China .............................................................13 6. Observations and Conclusions ..........
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...A Study On Role of Small and Medium Enterprises in U.A.E Submitted By: Vishal Bobal MBA (2015-2017) AUD4325 TABLE OF CONTENT 1. INTRODUCTION 2.1 DEFINATITION 2.2 SMEs IN DUBAI 2. SERVICES PROVIDED BY UAE GOVERNMENT TO SMEs 3. GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES TO PROMOTE SMEs 4. IMPORTANCE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES 5. SMEs ROLE IN THE ECONOMY 6. PROBLEMS TO SMEs 7. BARRIERS TO SMEs 8. CONCLUSION 9. REFERENSING INTRODUCTION 1.1 DEFINATION The small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) have got very few resources, opportunities or turnover which is upto a certain extent. The definations of SMEs are flexible. This is variable from person to person. There are many people who use the word SME for those firms who have less than 500 employees, whereas some use this word for those businesses that have more than 500 workforces. However, some use the word “Big Businesses” for the organizations that have more than 500 employees. If we look at the middle east, it can be easy to see that there are numerous differences in which a regional can be taken into an account. It is also widely understood that the SMEs are the very important...
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...Polytechnic University of the Philippines Sta. Mesa, Manila College of Accountancy and Finance CHAPTER 1: ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND THE ACCOUNTANT Submitted By: Angeles, Jireh Nesamiel L. Carullo, Shery Lyn A. Gutierrez, Joe Mar C. Monforte, Roselyn G. Reyes, Edward Angelo A. BSA 3-9 Submittes To: Prof. Leandro Cruz Fua WHAT’S NEW IN ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEMS? Cloud Computing—Impact for Accountants According to Ron Gill, cloud computing is a way of using business applications over the Internet—such as the way you use the Internet for your bank transactions. Think of cloud computing as a way to increase IT capacity or add capabilities without investing in new infrastructure, training new people, or licensing new software. Mostly, we’re talking about a subscription-based or pay-per-use service that makes IT’s existing capabilities scalable whenever the need exists. Estimates suggest that the fast-growing cloud computing industry will reach $42 billion by 2012. Cloud computing resources may be categorized as data storage, infrastructure and platform, or application software (i.e., business applications such as purchases, HR, sales, etc.). If a firm would like to take advantage of cloud computing, it would most likely need to subscribe to all three of these categories from the service provider. For example, business applications depend on company data that is stored in the database, and data storage depends on the appropriate infrastructure...
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...CHAPTER 1 AN INTRODUCTION TO ASSURANCE AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT AUDITING Answers to Review Questions 1-1 The study of auditing is more conceptual in nature compared to other accounting courses. Rather than focusing on learning the rules, techniques, and computations required to prepare financial statements, auditing emphasizes learning a framework of analytical and logical skills to evaluate the relevance and reliability of the systems and processes responsible for financial information, as well as the information itself. To be successful, students must learn the framework and then learn to use logic and common sense in applying auditing concepts to various circumstances and situations. Understanding auditing can improve the decision-making ability of consultants, business managers, and accountants by providing a framework for evaluating the usefulness and reliability of information—an important task in many different contexts. 1-2 There is a demand for auditing in a free-market economy because the agency relationship between an absentee owner and a manager produces a natural conflict of interest due to the information asymmetry that exists between the owner and manager. As a result, the agent agrees to be monitored as part of his/her employment contract. Auditing appears to be a cost-effective form of monitoring. The empirical evidence suggests auditing was demanded prior to government regulation. In 1926, before...
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... 22 Introduction This research paper looks to explore the relationship behind the infamous fixed exchange rate and the level of inflation. I also take a look at how there is a trade off between the exchange rate regime and trade activity shapes up. Fixed exchange rates are a monetary regime used by around 50% of the world’s economies. The advent of fixed exchange rates is not common in the developed world. One exception to this is the EU which maintains a very stringently monitored monetary policy. Fixed exchange rates are a popular policy tool in the emerging economies, where the governing elements are more interested and inclined towards keeping the rate of inflation low so that maximum public welfare can be provided (Rowlands 2009). The fixed exchange rates have been for a very long time been advocated as the primary strategy for fighting inflation. Inflation in itself is a...
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...PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND GLOBALIZATION: ENHANCING PUBLIC-PRIVATE COLLABORATION IN PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY New Delhi, India 7 October 2003 In cooperation with the Eastern Regional Organization for Public Administration United Nations Division for Public Administration and Development Management Department of Economic and Social Affairs Public Administration and Globalization: Enhancing Public-Private Collaboration in Public Service Delivery New Delhi, India 7 October 2003 In cooperation with the Eastern Regional Organization for Public Administration United Nations New York The opinions expressed herein are the responsibilities of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations nor the Eastern Regional Organization for Public Administration All rights reserved. Table of Contents Foreword Pro-Poor Policy Processes and Institutions: A Political Economic Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. ADIL KHAN The Dilemma of Governance in Latin America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . JOSE GPE. VARGAS HERNANDEZ Institutional Mechanisms for Monitoring International Commitments to Social Development: The Philippine Experience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MA. CONCEPCION P. ALFILER Globalization and Social Development: Capacity Building for Public-Private Collaboration for Public Service Delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . AMARA PONGSAPICH Trade Liberalization and the Poor: A Framework for Poverty...
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...1 of 6 TEST BANK > CONTROL PANEL > POOL MANAGER > POOL CANVAS Pool Canvas Add, modify, and remove questions. Select a question type from the Add Question drop-down list and click Go to add questions. Use Creation Settings to establish which default options, such as feedback and images, are available for question creation. Add Name Description Instructions Modify Creation Settings Chapter 2--Why People Commit Fraud Add Question Here Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Question Which of the following is NOT a common rationalization of fraud perpetrators? Answer The organization owes me I'm only borrowing the money No one will get hurt I don’t deserve more. Add Question Here Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Question Which of the following is NOT a primary control procedure to minimize the occurrence of fraud? Answer Dual custody Systems of authorization Internal audit department Documents and records Add Question Here Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Question Each of the following is an example of an inadequate control environment EXCEPT: Answer The HR department failed to check an applicant's background and hired someone who had committed fraud in the past. A manager instructs employees not to share passwords, and then shares her passwords with others. A company does not establish codes of conduct and does not have training meetings to teach employees to distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable behavior. The employees know who has...
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...any errors or omissions in its content, regardless of the cause of such inaccuracy, error or omission. Furthermore, to the extent permitted by law, PricewaterhouseCoopers, its members, employees and agents accept no liability and disclaim all responsibility for the consequences of you or anyone else acting, or refraining from acting, in relying upon the information contained in this report or for any decision based on it, or for any consequential, special, incidental or punitive damages to any person or entity for any matter relating to this report even if advised of the possibility of such damages. The member firms of the PricewaterhouseCoopers network (www.pwc. com) provide industry-focused assurance, tax and advisory services to build public trust and enhance value for its clients and their stakeholders. More than 140,000 people in 149 countries share their thinking, experience and solutions to develop fresh perspectives and practical advice. A growing healthcare sector Healthcare is one of India’s largest sectors, in terms of revenue and employment, and the sector is expanding rapidly. During the 1990s, Indian healthcare grew at a compound annual rate of 16%. Today the total value of...
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...MCMXXIV Export-Import Bank of the United States 1998 Annual Report C H A I R M A N ’ S L E T T E R s the Export-Import Bank of the United States (Ex-Im Bank) enters its 65th anniversary year, it faces more challenges than perhaps at any other time in its history. These chal lenges are related to the economic turmoil experienced in developing mar kets such as Asia and Russia during the past year. I am proud that Ex-Im Bank responded quickly and effec tively to the economic downturn that continues to threaten the growth and prosperity of much of the developing world. It was a difficult year for Ex-Im Bank, U.S. exporters, and their customers, but by working together, we were able to maintain vital export flows. A Expertise and Innovative Programs During the past 65 years, Ex-Im Bank has been recognized for its expertise in helping U.S. businesses compete against tough for eign competition in the developing world. Our ability to manage the political and com mercial risks associated with international trade in emerging markets helped meet the need for export financing in the markets affected by world economic difficulties in 1998. For example, Ex-Im Bank initiated export credit programs for Korea, Thailand, and Indonesia. We estimate that the shortand medium-term portion of the Korean program alone will result in approximately $3 billion in exports of U.S. goods and ser vices over a two-year period — U.S. exports that would not have been sold without...
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