...STRATEGIC DILEMMAS OF A SMALL MARKET PLAYER: THE CANADIAN WINE INDUSTRY Judith J. Madill Eric Sprott School of Business, Carleton University 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1S 5B6 +1 (613) 520-2600 Ext. 8014 Fax: +1 (613) 520-4427 e-mail: Judith_Madill@carleton.ca Allan L. Riding Eric Sprott School of Business, Carleton University 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1S 5B6 +1 (613) 520-2394 Fax: +1 (613) 520-2363 e-mail: al_riding@carleton.ca George H. Haines, Jr. Eric Sprott School of Business, Carleton University 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1S 5B6 +1 (613) 520-2600 Ext. 7487 Fax: +1 (613) 520-4427 e-mail: george_haines@carleton.ca Abstract This paper undertakes an analysis of the strategic situation of the Canadian wine industry. A very small player by world standards, Canadian wineries face intense and intensifying competition within the domestic market. The demand side of this market is dominated by a small number of large provincial monopoly retailers. The supply side comprises five substantial firms that account for ninety percent of total wine production and a large number of very small wineries. The Canadian competitive environment is characterized by strong historical reputations of (and consumer preferences for) Old World wines, economies of scale and technology associated with New World wines, (at best) stable per capita wine consumption patterns, rapid increases in both the number of domestic wineries and land under viticulture...
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...Name: Course: Professor: Date: Executive summery As per the 2010 agreement between president of china Hu Jintao and Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper, expert officials from both china and Canada carried out a study to give an analytical foundation to evaluate possible bilateral economic complementarities in some specific sectors (Metz, 2001). Each and every state globally has specific interest in various sectors of economy that promotes trade with the other country of interest depending with its capacity to supply to that country. The research completion assists to set the base for the two countries to start investigative discussions on matters of trade and economic promotion, as discussed by the leaders in the 2012 presidential meeting between the president of Canada and china. Both china and Canada are big trading countries. Both countries have a past history of integral trade as well as future potential economic growth. Research indicates that china is currently Canada’s second largest trading partner, whereas on the other hand, Canada is placed thirteenth among china’s top trading partners globally (Zhang, 2009). As a matter of fact from research, there is increase in two-way trade in goods, services and investments among the two countries. However, people to people relationship between the two countries have never been strong though there is an indication that there are students who visit to each other’s country. Government to government cooperation...
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...the negotiation of the North American Free Trade Agreement in 1992, there has been an increase in the use of Chapter 11 to defend foreign investor rights. The poignant question remains whether these rights do and should take precedence over environmental considerations. This Paper looks at the treatment of investor protection measures and environmental protections contained within NAFTA with a view to their application within international arbitration cases. | NAFTA and Environmental Protection: Falling Short of the Mark A Look at some of the lasting consequences of investor protection Measures Contents Introduction 2 NAFTA Investor Protection Measures 3 Article 1102: National Treatment 3 Article 1103: Most-Favored-Nation Treatment 6 Article 1104 & 1105: Domestic & International Minimum Standards 7 Article 1110: Expropriation and Compensation 8 The Basis for Legal Challenges 11 NAFTA Environmental Protections 13 Article 104: Environmental and Conservative Agreements 14 Article 1114: Environmental Measures 16 Language across all Environmental Provisions 17 Enforcement of Environmental Protections 18 Cases of NAFTA Chapter 11 Arbitration 19 Ethyl Corporation v. Canada 20 S.D. Myers v. Canada 21 Concluding Remarks 22 Bibliography 26 Introduction In Canada, we are proud of our resource driven prosperity and the standard of living it provides us through international trade. In 1992 the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was negotiated between...
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...increasing economic and trade relations with emerging economies have any consequences for immigration systems in Canada? This topic and interview were based on a research project that the interviewer was working on. The emerging economies in question were Brazil, Russia, Indian, China, Turkey and Indonesia. The study endeavoured to look into current and past multilateral collaborations on migration between Canada and these countries. The specific areas of concern were labour, tourism, business, students, family, security, asylum, irregular migration and the specific policies in these areas. In Canada, immigration is a major societal nation-building exercise. Apart from Aboriginals the rest of the population arrived in Canada through immigration at one point or the other. Immigration policies are in tandem with social and economic goals of the country. The fundamental issue is to ensure immigration works to Canada’s advantage. Before and after 2006 the emphasis was on the economic side of immigration: education, language and skills that made immigrants ready for the job market. Canadian citizens support immigration policies. Before 1950, policies favoured European immigrants. Later, individuals who wanted to settle permanently in Canada were targeted. Currently, there is no discrimination on nationality. Asians, especially those from India and China contribute the largest number of immigrants. Temporary immigration involves visitors, international students and temporary...
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...an end. The international climate community is currently working on finding its replacement, a new regime that will determine the future basis upon which global cooperation on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and adapting to climate change impacts will take place. While formal negotiations are taking place under the auspices of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and its Kyoto Protocol, numerous parallel initiatives lead by national governments and research institutes are shaping the nature of this discussion. Determining the future of the climate regime is a complex process—influenced by the need to: balance the diverse interests and national circumstances of developed and developing countries; enable continued economic development in all countries; and promote significant energy development in developing nations. Progress is critical, if the global community is to achieve the substantial reductions in greenhouse gas emissions needed to avoid significant, adverse climate change. It is time that we take meeting this challenge out of the hands of environment ministries and put it into the hands of those who truly make the critical development decisions, including finance ministries and central planners. IISD is providing assistance in informing and facilitating the emergence of a post-2012 climate regime and the integration of climate change considerations across policy spheres. These efforts are undertaken in collaboration with international partners, the...
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...Challenges for Canadian International Trade CHALLENGES FOR CANADIAN INTERNATIONAL TRADE GROWTH WITH MULTILATERALISM TRADE March 4, 2011 Abstract This essay contains the international trade between Canada to U.S. and Canada to China including the foreign exchange policy in each country and comparative advantages. It mostly focused on U.S and China between Canada’s relationships. The United States and China are the largest economic market in the world. Also these countries are Canada’s most favor relationship in the international market. In 2009, the international financial crisis became a huge issue of the world. Due to this financial crisis U.S got a lot of damage. It made also Canada’s economic downturn, because of strong reliant on U.S. Over view, Canada has to be a stronger country with more powers, in order to maintain a good relationship with many other countries to help each other and have more successful economic growth. GLOBAL ECONOMIV DOWNTURN FROM THE FINANCIAL CRISIS In 2009, there was a global economic downturn from the financial crisis. Because of this, many countries got a lot of money damages. This put the world economic in most hard situation. Most of the people in the world spent such a hard time in this area. The main sources of this happened from some countries which were largest markets in the world such as the United State and other developed countries. From this economic downturn many developed countries reduced imports from other...
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... Executive Summary The financial sector has experienced significant change over recent decades, driven by advances in information and communications technology and widespread reductions in international barriers to trade and investment. International integration is advancing rapidly, reflecting in part the development of global production chains and the rapid growth of emerging market economies. As a result of the forces of integration, international competition has become more fierce and firms are under increasing pressure to cut costs and differentiate their products to survive. Canada’s economy has numerous linkages beyond its borders, particularly with the United States. The future improvement of Canadians’ standard of living will depend in large part on foreign investment in Canada and the ability of Canadians to invest abroad. In this regard, a thriving financial sector will be a key component of our success. Canada has a small share of the global capital market. Thus, to be competitive, the Canadian capital market must be efficient and offer a low cost of capital. As much as possible, the policies and institutions that govern the Canadian financial sector should be harmonized to international standards. Made-in-Canada policies risk dampening or distorting international investment flows and should exist only where there is a demonstrable domestic imperative. Economists’ understanding of the role of financial systems as a driver of long-term economic growth has...
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...Transfer pricing By John C. Hollas Illustration: Susanna Denti How to apply the appropriate transfer pricing methods to intercompany financial transactions In Canada, taxpayers are seeing an increased scrutiny of and more audit focus on intercompany financing transactions by the international tax auditors from the Canada Revenue Agency. The related party financial transaction being most commonly audited by the CRA are intercompany loans, factoring of trade receivables and provision of financial guarantees. This environment of rising transfer pricing controversy risk with respect to intercompany financial transactions conflicts directly with the multinational corporation's (MNC) increasing need to finance its foreign operations through intercompany, crossborder financial transactions. The transfer pricing risks and implications remain very significant both from a tax compliance standpoint and from a controversy risk management perspective. Today, MNCs need to mitigate the risk of significant transfer pricing adjustments by local and foreign tax authorities. While our focus is limited to the Canadian tax environment, it is critical to recognize that in all international related party transactions, with financial transactions being no exception, the transfer pricing issues include the other tax jurisdictions of the foreign related parties that are involved in the intercompany transaction. As such the transfer pricing legislation in those foreign tax jurisdictions must...
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...College of The Bahamas Date of Submission: March 10, 2016 Canada’s Cultural life According to “International Marketing,” ‘culture is an integrated system of learnt behavior patterns that are distinguishing characteristics of the members of any given society.” Canada’s culture originated from Europe, especially Britain and France. Canadians are relatively a broadminded, civil and very community-oriented people. Although they are individualistic in terms of their basic cultural traits, they nevertheless place a great deal of emphasis on the individual's responsibility to the community. This is seen as giving balance and a good quality of life. They’re also very protective of their constituent identity and encourage their people to stay true to it. Canada also has a low context which means most of its information is explicitly contained in the words. Furthermore, Canada’s government is made up of constitutional monarchy that is also a parliamentary democracy and a federation. A multitude of languages are spoken in Canada. According to the 2006 census, English and French are the preferred language of 67.1% and 21.5% of the population, respectively. Canada also has five widely-spoken non-official languages which are Chinese (the home language of 2.6% of Canadians), Punjabi (0.8%), Spanish (0.7%), Italian (0.6%), and Arabic (0.5%). They’re also perceived as diverse, and multicultural. Ethnic groups that reside in...
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...frontiers, regions and continents. With technology advancing, international communication increasing and trading becoming a lot more simplistic, globalization has started to shape both developed and underdeveloped countries as well. Although international trading today is seen as a norm, not all countries are reaping the benefits. The term globalization has been increasing since the mid-1980s and can be grouped into different categories, which include: trade and transactions, capital and investment movements, migration and movement of people. Globalizing processes affect and are affected by businesses and work organization, economics, and the natural environment (Held,McGrew,Goldblatt,Perraton). Globalization can create new opportunities, new ideas, and open new markets that an entrepreneur or business owner may have not had in their home country. It can provide a lot of great opportunities for a community, and help it grow. Growing up in Buffalo/Niagara Falls, NY, Globalization has heavily impacted my community. Being so close to the Canadian border has allowed for heavy traffic between the two Countries. In order to survive in the 21st century, companies in every industry are taking steps to expand internationally through trade and investment. Through the years, we have built a solid relationship with Canada, which has therefore allowed for a lot of international trade between the two Countries. International expansion is almost required in today’s world for companies to...
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...individual that have economic value to an organization. Skills that people bring with them Six Sigma: A set of principles and practices whose core ideas include understanding customer needs, doing things right the first time and striving for continuous improvement Reengineering: rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvement in cost , quality, services and speed Outsourcing: contracting outside work that was formerly done by employees inside the company Change management: bring about and managing change at both the organizational and individual level Proactive Change: Change initiated to take advantage of targeted opportunities Globalization: Opening up foreign markets to international trade and investment Reactive Change: Change that occurs after external forces have already affected performance Corporate Social: The responsibility of the firm to act in the best interests of the people and communities affected by its activities Collaborative Software: Software that allows workers to interface and share information with one another electronically Human Resource Information System: A computerized system that provides current and accurate data for purposes of control and decision making Furloughing: A situation in which an organization asks or requires employees to take time off for either no pay or reduced pay Employee Leasing: The process of dismissing employees who are then hired by a learning company...
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...Reflective Journal 1 Caitlin Szanto SB/IBUS 4200 3.00 A Integrative International Business Seminar Contents: SCOTIA BANK in Latin America: International Banking – Glen Tugman, Vice President FRITO LAY in China: Capturing the China Opportunity – Ron McEachern IMNET: Canadian Mining Experience: Richard A. Ross Integrative Discussion of Journal SCOTIA BANK in Latin America: International Banking – Glen Tugman, Vice President Key Takeaways: * The importance of considering information in the scheme of things * 21+ million customers – 20years ago that was huge, now not so significant * Their financial success was largely a result of diversification - a series of acquisitions. Never betting the bank on one of them – risk mitigation * Mismatch: money spent internationally has higher returns than domestically * Investment community thinks of Scotia bank as an international bank, Canadians think of it as local bank – market perception works in their favor * Criteria Scotia uses to invest money: * Find low price -> Buy cheap -> Be patient -> Form alliances with locals -> Protect risk of privacy > Buy something good -> learn from setbacks -> long term perspective * Be a credible buyer – government resistance to international companies buying local businesses * Growing middle class * Important economically: middle class has stability because people have something to loose * E.g. Pacific Group (Mexico...
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...family sizes, used land for farming and security of food production, and saw the importance of job location for participation in pluralist activities.[17] The labour movement in Nova Scotia may be traced back to the late 18th century. As early as 1799 there was a Carpenters' Society at Halifax, and soon there were attempts at organization by other workmen and tradesmen. In 1816 Nova Scotia had an act against trade unions, the preamble of which declared that great numbers of master tradesmen, journeymen, and workmen in the town of Halifax and other parts of the province had, by unlawful meetings and combinations, endeavored to regulate the rate of wages and effectuate other illegal aims. Unionization has primarily focused on craft rather than industrial lines, except in the coal mines and steel plants. There has been an increase in industrial unionism with the expansion of industry. After the middle of the 19th century international unionism and American influence became important, with international unionism entering the province in 1869, when a branch of the International Typographical Union was chartered in Halifax. The development of federated unions is seen in the...
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...Chapter 1 The Scope and Challenge of International Marketing * International Marketing is the activity, set of institutions and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large. * Differences of Intl Marketing from National marketing: the difficulties created by different environments and the need to coordinate international expansions across cultures to achieve efficiency and effectiveness to achieve firms’ goals. * Globalization: the increased mobility of goods, services, labor, technology, capital throughout the world. * HOW does globalization affect Canadian marketers? Positive impacts * marketers how now much more access to more information about their markets and consumers (domestically and internationally) * much easier communication with suppliers and consumers today * because of free trade agreements, easier to penetrate/venture into other foreign markets * opportunities to lowering production and marketing costs due to the ability to standardize products and processes * and ultimately benefit from having to deal with fewer national currencies (e.g transactions could be in US Dollar, or Euros because EU nations use that), which reduces risks and costs. Negative impacts * small Canadian companies and marketers find it difficult to compete on an even playing field with larger transnational companies. * Globalization is forcing...
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...ADM3302 Supply Chain Management Canadian Circulation Coin Distribution System Overview of the Royal Canadian Mint Founded in 1908 in Ottawa Two types of production o Hand craft coins in Ottawa o Circulation coins in Winnipeg Business Lines o Canadian circulation (5 cents to 2 dollars, including recycling) o Bullion & Refinery o Numismatics o International customers (Doing money for other countries) 800 million commemorative coins produced and distributed o New technology used on the last coins (Stamp) Demands in Canadian: 4.5 – 5 billion o This demand is based on the coin orders, but also calculated with an IT structure analysing the market. o Trade and commerce activity is unknown, and invisible for RCM o Over this 4.5-5 billion 8% comes from RCM production 11% from recycling 79% from bank inventory Canadian Circulation Coin Distribution System (CCCDS) Supply > Distribute > Authenticate > Enhance > (Forecasting, Production, Distribution, Recirculation, Verification, Auditing, Consultation, National Coin Committee.) Supply Finding the right balance between Coin demand and Coin supply 5 denomination 23 regional sites, 12 pool sites 10 financial institution 1150 forecast generated every week Distribution Every coins are produced at Winnipeg, and then send to one of the 12 pool sites Why Winnipeg? Maybe because it’s a central place! Last shortage was in 2005 Higher...
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