...A Moral Program for Myself as a Person and Professional A Moral Program for Myself as a Person and Professional Education is the key pillar of the modern world. Through education, we achieve a personal sensation of achievement and sole satisfaction. However, what lessons do we draw from the classes and lessons that we attend? In addition, are there ways in which we can apply the knowledge and the information we learn from the class and use it to shape our personal and professional lives? Throughout the eight weeks that I have enrolled in philosophy 415, I have pondered how I will use the information I learn and the knowledge I gain to better myself. In this regard, I need to better myself in both my personal and professional capacities. Nevertheless, in order to attain this betterment, I need to come up with a moral program for my personal and professional lives. Whether it is applying the ethical principles of Aristotle, Kant and Mill, or combating moral illiteracy within my department, I plan to use my newfound information to its greatest potential. Therefore, this article first elucidates on the moral program that I would implement in my professional life as a nurse. Consequently, the second part is on a program fitted for my personal life as a single mother to a four-year-old child. Out of all the philosophers that we studied during the course, Aristotle's virtue ethics is the most suitable theory for my profession. According to Solomon (1992)...
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...the existence of God working from the undeniable fact that the universe exists. He formulated his argument in three ways. His first formulation of the Cosmological argument was the argument from motion. He argued that everything in the universe is in a state of constant motion and change. He saw change as the motion of an object turning from a state of potentiality into a state of actuality and thought that something must cause the object to change between these states. He goes on to say there must have once been something that performed the function of an unmoved mover; for were this not the case there could be nothing to set all other objects in the universe into their courses of motion and change. Therefore Aquinas concludes that this unmoved mover is what everyone else refers to as God. Aquinas second formulation uses the argument from cause. He argued that everything in the universe has an efficient cause, nothing is its own cause. Therefore everything is caused by something else. However there cannot be an infinite regression of causes because if there were no First Cause which was a sufficient cause of itself in itself then there could have been no following causes, and nothing would exist today. Because the universe does exist we must therefore accept the existence of an uncaused cause and this cause is God. Aquinas third formulation uses the argument from contingency. He argues everything we see in the universe exists contingently; it can either exist or not exist...
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...Arriving at a moral judgment is not a straightforward or linear process in which ethical theories are simply applied to cases. Instead it is a process in which the formulation of the moral problem, the formulation of possible “solutions”, and the ethical judging of these solutions go hand in hand. This messy character of moral problems, however, does not rule out a systematic approach. In this article, we describe a systematic approach to problem solving that does justice to the complex nature of moral problems and ethical judgment: the ethical cycle. Our goal is to provide a structured and disciplined method of addressing moral problems, which helps to guide a sound analysis of these problems. We will illustrate the usefulness of this cycle with an example. Further, we will discuss two general issues in applied ethics in relation to the proposed ethical cycle: the role of ethical theories and the place of individual judgment versus collective deliberation. The start of the ethical cycle is the formulation of a moral problem.A specialcase of a moral problem is the moral dilemma.There are two positive moral norms that can not be fully realized at the same time . Instead one action only relizes one moral value while another action realizes the other moral value.But in real life there are often for actions.So in the ethical cycle we will mainly just consider basic moral problems. A good moral question , problem statement must meet three conditions.It must clearly state what the...
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...Utilitarianism Utilitarianism is a teleological form of ethics which promotes the action which will achieve the greatest net total happiness (Barnes, 1971). This action is usually identified through a consequential theory analysis – by identifying stakeholders, and their relevant utility payoffs from each action available. Whichever action results in the greatest net happiness, is the action that should be taken (Barnes, 1971). Samantha is the first stakeholder identified from the case. Samantha’s life and general well-being, along with her life-savings invested in the business are at stake, depending on Nathan’s decision. If Nathan is to tell Samantha of the unethical actions of Beth, Beth will be sacked and will face even greater financial hardship, thus Beth is also a key stakeholder. The customers are also stakeholders. If Nathan does not tell Samantha, prices will increase – negatively impacting customers. The final key stakeholder identified is Nathan. If Samantha finds that Beth has been stealing, and Nathan did not report this - Samantha will lose trust in Nathan and he will be considered a disloyal employee. The consequential analysis has been displayed in the table below, listing the stakeholders and their consequential payoffs if Nathan chooses to tell, or not tell Samantha of Beth’s wrong-doing. Each unit represents one utility point on a scale of -10 to 10 units of happiness. Through the consequential analysis of the stakeholders identified, and their relevant...
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...rescission as the case may be. It is observed that management and administration may not seem glamorous to young Officers who find excitement in operational duty. Adjutant General Service (AGS) work is not exactly attractive. It may hardly notice behind-the-scene of activities like management of personnel affairs, records-keeping, or the dissemination of official information, orders, instructions as these have been relegated to the background. While the rest of the Philippine Army (PA) hugs the limelight for brilliant operational activities, AGS pursues its goals quietly albeit with renewed vigor and dedication. Based on record, new generations from other source of entry to the military service like the Philippine Military Academy (PMA) have joined the AGS as their Area/Field of Specialization, 1 Captain, 8 1st Lieutenants and 15 2nd Lieutenants. A good move that will somehow help the AGS on its primary function, having a young Officers, full of inspiration and dedication to the service. However, this may change as time flies, like change of AFOS, a challenge that the Philippine Army should look into. Body: As seen in the power point presentation, the present composition of the Philippine Army Policy Board, created purposely to review and update Army policies, is structure of a multi-task Officers, all principals, whose role is of the greatest importance. They do not have alternates who can officially represent them in case of conflict in other...
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...Management Control System TASK 6 REPORT CASE 8.2 “Hasbro Interactive” By : Group 1 Nadya Azahra Rangkuti (023100004) Hanna Dwina Putri (023100066) Fahrina Trinandasari (023100117) Felisitas Yola (023100184) Gabriella Rahajeng Putri (023100208) Trisakti University 2013 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of company In 1923, three brothers, Henry, Hilal, and Herman Hassenfeld, founded Hassenfeld Brothers, a company selling textile remnants, in Providence, Rhode Island. Over the next two decades, the company expanded to produce pencil cases and school supplies. In 1926, Hassenfeld Brothers was incorporated with Hilal leaving for another textile business while Henry took charge of the corporation. With cost of pencils rising and their pencil supplier making pencil cases, Hassenfelds began making their own pencils becoming a source of funding for future lines. In the 1940s, Hassenfeld Brothers produced doctor and nurse kits, its first toys and modeling clay becoming a primarily toy company by 1942. In 1960, Henry died and Merrill took over the parent company and his older brother, Harold, ran the pencil-making business, Empire Pencil. Hassenfeld Brothers expanded to Canada with Hassenfeld Brothers (Canada) Ltd. in 1961. Having previously sold toys under the Hasbro trade name, the company shortened its name to Hasbro Industries in 1968 and sold a minor stake in the corporation to the public. Between 1978 and 1981, Stephen reduced...
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...Abstract Firms or companies today face a broad array of risks, problems and issues internal to them and external factors relative to increased international competition due to globalisation. Thus, strategic management is an activity necessary to be undertaken by firms who want to sustain their existence in today’s highly competitive environment. Firms need to develop strategies as they are managements’ game plan for growing the business, staking out a market position, attracting and pleasing customers, competing successfully, conducting operations, and achieving targeted objectives. Strategic management is the set of managerial decisions and actions that determines the long-run performance of a firm. The question however arises as to whether strategic management is an art or a science or that it is simply a mixture of luck and good judgement. Introduction Firms or companies today face a broad array of risks, problems and issues, be they strategic, operational, financial, customer, vendor, competitor, to name a few. Moreover, concerns about increased international competition brought about by the rapid globalisation phenomenon abound not only in the US but also in Europe with the further expansion of the European Union and in Asia and Latin America due to increased economic integration in these regions. Management experts therefore have argued time and again that firms or companies should respond to environmental changes, such as increased competition, by engaging in more...
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...Strategic Managemen Essay Subject :s Strategic Management Topic : Is Business Strategy A Mixture Of Luck And Judgement, Opportunities And Design, Or More Of An Art Than A Science? Abstract Firms or companies today face a broad array of risks, problems and issues internal to them and external factors relative to increased international competition due to globalisation. Thus, strategic management is an activity necessary to be undertaken by firms who want to sustain their existence in today’s highly competitive environment. Firms need to develop strategies as they are managements’ game plan for growing the business, staking out a market position, attracting and pleasing customers, competing successfully, conducting operations, and achieving targeted objectives. Strategic management is the set of managerial decisions and actions that determines the longrun performance of a firm. The question however arises as to whether strategic management is an art or a science or that it is simply a mixture of luck and good judgement. Introduction Firms or companies today face a broad array of risks, problems and issues, be they strategic, operational, financial, customer, vendor, competitor, to name a few. Moreover, concerns about increased international competition brought about by the rapid globalisation phenomenon abound not only in the US but also in Europe with the further expansion of the European Union and in Asia and Latin America due to increased economic integration in these...
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...Assignment 1: Application of the Normative Ethical Theories * 15% of your final mark * Length: 1000 ±100 words * Submit after completing Units 1 & 2 (approximately 5 weeks into the course, according to the recommended schedule). 1. Choose ONE of the cases that appear in Units 1 & 2 of the Philosophy 333 Study Guide except Case 2. 1. However, please refer to the discussion regarding Case 2.1 in Unit 2, under the heading “Applying Normative Theories to a Moral Situation”, as an example of how to apply moral theories to a case. 2. Clearly state a professional ethics issue that pertains to the case. It is recommended that you state your issue in question form. 3. Choose TWO out of the five moral theories studied in Unit 2, but only one version of Utilitarian theory at most (e.g. not both Act and Rule Utilitarianism). 4. In essay-form[1], and in one document, apply each of the two theories to the case, focusing on your stated issue, by doing the following: a. For each theory, provide an explanation of the theories basic approach to moral evaluation and decision making. b. Ethically analyze your stated issue using each of the two theories. The idea here is to adopt the strategy of each of the theories to present what you think is a reasonable and balanced ethical analysis of your issue. In doing so, your aims are (i) to show that you understand how the theories work and (ii) to show that you can use them to express the ethical reasoning...
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...such as Hannah Arendt discuss Kant’s moral philosophy. In her case study: “The Accused and Duties of a Law-Abiding Citizen”, Arendt examines how Adolf Eichmann’s actions conformed to Kant’s moral precepts but also how they ran of afoul to his conception of duty. In contrast, John Stuart Mill adopts a teleological view of moral philosophy. He exposes his view of consequentialism and utilitarianism to argue that an action is morally right only to the extent that it maximizes the aggregate happiness of all parties involved regardless of the motive. In the present paper, I will expose Kant’s moral precepts and the importance of duty in his Deontological principles. Then, I will evaluate Arendt’s report on Adolf Eichmann to analyze the ways in which his actions were in accordance to or against Kant’s moral philosophy. I will conclude my discussion with an evaluation of Mill’s approach to morality in order to examine the differences between his teleological philosophy and Kant’s ethical principles. Kant’s moral philosophy is based on the categorical imperative (CI), good will, and duty. According to the CI, it is an absolute necessity, a command that humans should accord with universalizable maxims to treat people as ends in themselves and exercise their will without any concerns about the consequences or conditions of their actions. This concept can also be expressed in systematic terms by the two following formulations. The first form of the categorical imperative prescribes that...
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...slightly more vertical than the vagina. 3. Uterus. It is a hollow pear-shaped organ with muscular wall. It is divided into body (corpus) and neck (cervix). Uterus has three layers viz. perimetrium, endometrium and myometrium. 4. Ovaries. They are almond shaped organs lying in the pelvic cavity. They secrete female hormones oestrogen and progesterone. Fallopian tubes are bilateral muscular tubes lined by mucous membrane. Menstruation is a periodic discharge of blood, mucous and fragments of endometrium form the mucous membrane of the uterus. It occurs at cycle of four weeks between puberty and the menopause. Puberty is a period of life in early adolescence characterized by maturation of sexual organs and development of secondary sex characters. Menopause (climacteric) is the cessation of a women’s reproductive period of life, characterized by cessation of the menstruation. Anartva (Amenorrhea) Cause: Amenorrhea is absence of menstruation after the usual age of puberty and before the menopause. The process can be temporary or permanent. Amenorrhea that occurs during pregnancy and lactation is known as physiological amenorrhea. Diseased state is known as pathological amenorrhea. Pathological amenorrhea can be due to congenital factors or injury to the pelvis. Mostly amenorrhea is due to anaemia, diabetes, starvation, and carcinoma of the sex organs. Sometimes exposure to chill can precipitate amenorrhea. Surgical removal of the ovaries leads to amenorrhea. Certain nervous...
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...Philosophy of Science (All Science, not just social science) During the time of the ancient Greeks—that is, Socrates and Plato, but before them and after them as well, the study of “philosophy” (Greek for “love of wisdom”) began. At that time, philosophy included both the natural and physical sciences as well what we know as philosophy today. The development of philosophy created a tension between philosophy, science, and religion. Remember that Socrates was put to death for allegedly questioning the existence of the official state-worshiped gods. This tension between philosophy, science and religion continued through the 1400’s and 1500’s when the European “Enlightenment” emphasized the concept that both “rational thought” and “science” was separate from religion. Today, they are still generally in tension. Whether these methods of gaining knowledge are consistent or not is constantly debated among scientists, theologians, and philosophers. Science=observation of the physical universe which includes (beginning in the late 1800’s) the study of human behavior using our five senses (sight, hearing, taste, touch, smell); Religion=the study of the “divine” (i.e., god, however a person conceives of that notion, and it’s implications) Philosophy=the study of questions unanswerable by science through the use of “reason” (rational thought) alone. Thus, there are 4 different philosophical views on how humans can obtain knowledge: 1. mysticism/divine revelation—a...
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...Vocabulary words Chapter 1 Replication 6: is the repetition of experiments or studies utilizing the same methodology. Verification 6: is confirmation of the accuracy of findings or attainment of greater certitude in conclusions through additional observations. Methodological narcissism 7: in which substance is overlooked in the name of method. Preferred rigor in research design is seldom realized in criminal justice field studies. This does not justify throwing out “the baby with the bath water.” Theory 7: in criminal justice represents an attempt to develop plausible explanations of reality, which in this case are crime and the criminal justice system. Paradigm 8: is “some implicit body of intertwined theoretical and methodological belief that permits selection, evaluation, and criticism” Methodology 9: (methods), on the other hand, involves the collection of accurate facts and/or data regarding the nature of crime and criminal justice policy. In short, while theory addresses the issue “why,” methodology concerns itself with “what is.” “Broken Windows” 9 Pure research 10: is concerned with the acquisition of new knowledge for the sake of science or the development of the field. Applied research 10: is practical research concerned with solving immediate policy problems. Crime analysis 13: allows the analyst to determine who’s doing what to whom by its focus on crimes against persons and property (homicide, rape, robbery, burglary, theft, etc.). Quantitative research...
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...Azamat Shamuratov Dr. Jose Castillo Case Study Analysis Everyone at Captiva is wondering what the new Chief Operations Officer (COO) has been doing for the last 12 months. But he is wondering why he cannot get his foot in the door and why the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Captiva, Peter Tyler, has not delegated any substantial responsibilities to him? There are 4 major characters in Captiva, whose role play crucial significance in decision making process of Captiva: Peter Tyler, CEO of Captiva; Dough Yacubian, new COO of Captiva; Cynthia Speedwell and Ben are division presidents. It has been 18 months since Doug Yacubian has been brought on as Chief Operations Officer (COO) to the corporation because of his great accomplishments and experiences previously with Marcella. There is a sense of uncertainty for everyone both senior management and the board of executives at Captiva as well as for the newly hired COO Doug Yacubian. Captiva is a cheese producer corporation that has been in the business for almost a century. This corporation under the leadership of Peter Tyler (the CEO), has transformed into three major divisions: dairy products, poultry, and food preparation. The company became aggressive in expansion of acquiring frozen foods, juices, and bakery products. The company is struggling with its biggest crisis in the history of the company because of a formulation error at one of the company’s manufacturing plants causing several food poisonings and subsequently recalling...
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...Natural rubber latex (NRL) has been used in cold-seal adhesive formulations for over 100 years. The adhesives made with NRL were used in the manufacture of medical devices and food packaging products due to NRL’s excellent flexibility, high initial tack, and good tack retention properties. However, NRL has several notable disadvantages that are causing manufacturers to look at NRL-free formulations. NRL can contribute to allergic reactions due to the presence of certain natural latex proteins. Therefore, manufacturers and service providers are feeling the pressure from regulatory bodies to find alternatives. This effort is under way to protect patients, healthcare workers, food handlers and consumers from products that contain NRL. Some people know they have an allergy to NRL and take measures to prevent exposure, but others only find out after a reaction. The best approach to protect people from exposure is to avoid the use of NRL products in the first place. Another disadvantage of NRL is that it readily oxidizes and discolors at relatively low temperatures. NRL formulations require preservation against bacterial attack via the incorporation of a fungicide, and they also suffer from raw material variation. An antioxidant is a necessary ingredient, since natural rubber is prone to attack by oxygen and will...
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