...The term ‘Regions of Recent White Settlement’ can be simply described as a phrase used predominantly by economists to characterize areas that were settled mostly though European migration during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. However, in reality the term has much complexity and a greater dimensionality when trying to define a precise meaning, and furthermore an understanding. By exploring who developed the term in conjunction with conducting investigation into those who further tried to clarify it, we can begin to grasp an understanding of the fundamental characteristics that were exhibited by ‘Regions of Recent Settlement’, and whether or not this is useful as an explanatory model. The term ‘Regions of Recent Settlement’ was developed and used by Ragnar Nurske an international economist and policy maker who worked primarily in the fields of international finance and economic development. He also spent much of his time examining the circle of poverty in underdeveloped countries, linking it to insufficient investment. He used the term ‘Regions of Recent Settlement’ to define “areas which successfully developed during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in response to the stimulus of expanding world trade which accompanied the industrialisation of the North Atlantic economies.” They were areas which experienced a “distinct process of growth which was unique to a specific time period”, being the Mid Nineteenth Century to the onset of World War I or at the...
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...exploration on European and native societies. 2. TWL know the roles of key individuals and their impact during exploration. 3. TLW understand the location of European settlements in the New World. 4. TLW apply reading comprehension strategies to social studies. Skills: 1. TLW demonstrate map skills. 2. TLW demonstrate collaboration skills. 3. TLW demonstrate reading skills. 4. TLW demonstrate comprehension skills. 5. TLW demonstrate writing skills. 3. Applicable Tennessee Standards: * Explain the cultures of the Western Hemisphere’s native peoples prior to European contact. * Pre-Colonial Native American groups. * Determine how various groups resolve conflict. * Identify Native American groups in Tennessee and the Western Hemisphere before European expansion. * Reasons for European exploration and settlement. * Understand how to use maps, globes, and other geographic representations, tools, and techniques to acquire, process, and report information from a spatial perspective. * Identify routes of explorers of the Americas. * Identify cultural groups who inhabited North America in the 17th century. * Reasons settlements are founded on major river systems. * Read and interpret facts from a historical passage about an early American Spanish mission. * Describe the immediate and long-term impact of Columbus’s voyages on native populations and on colonization in the Americas. * Accomplishments...
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...of world civilisation"? Since the emergence of our species, early humans lived by hunting, fishing and collecting wild plants. These were referred to as Paleolithic societies, which had to follow their food and as a result, were forced to live mostly nomadic lives wandering from place to place in search of food. Eventually these early humans learned to cultivate plants, herd animals and make airtight pottery for storage. This settled lifestyle was known as Neolithic societies. It is through this progression from Paleolithic to Neolithic, that “civilisation” is said to have its beginning. In my interpretation I think that civilisation refers to an organized way of people existing together and working towards improving their way of life while striving for the continuation and development of their existence. The Oxford Dictionary defines “civilisation” as “the stage in human social development and organization which is considered most advance”. A key point to note is the reference of the term advance indicating development. Professor V. Gordon Childe (1892-1957), a very influential theorist of civilisation in the Western world during the first half of the twentieth century had identified a number of characteristic for what would constitute a civilisation. Some of these characteristics included, surplus of food resulting from development in animal husbandry, plant cultivation and storage methods. Other characteristics were the establishment of large urban centers, division of labour...
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...The City in History: Reading Guide Chapter 1 Sanctuary, Village, and Stronghold 1. What does Mumford mean when he states, “human life swings between two poles: movement and settlement”? (5) 2. What role did cemeteries and shrines play here? How were they key elements in the establishment of settlements (cities)? 3. What was the third original aspect of temporary settlements? What role did it play in the formation of settlements (cities)? 4. What was lacking in paleolithic culture with regard to establishing permanent settlements? Why was this important? 5. What role did the domestication of animals play here? 6. What role did women play in early village life? 7. What tools/technologies were essential to early village life? 8. Describe the social organization, physical form, layout and features of the early village. 9. Why were containers so essential to the neolithic villager? 10. Describe the essential elements of the early village between 9000 and 4000 B.C.E. What are the essential characteristics identified by Mumford? Why were these so important? 11. What does Mumford mean when he sates, “conformity, repetition, patience were the keys to this [neolithic] culture once it had solidified”? (18) 12. Mumford states that, “the ancient Greeks thought that their own respect for custom and common law…was a unique product of their culture.” (20) Where does Mumford say the roots of such thinking...
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...Bernard Bailyn argues that both immigration from Europe and migration within the colonies perpetuated frontier attitudes and characteristics in British North America throughout its colonial history. As a frontier, the colonies were the “western periphery” of European culture and civilization, and it accordingly maintained the wild elements of frontier life. Bailyn notes that Native American attack was a constant threat on the colonial frontier, necessitating the use of violence even as colonists increasingly adopted the refinery of European culture. In addition, Britain treated the American colonies as a dumping ground for prisoners and pariahs—the very people who were wont to act according to the wildness of the frontier mindset. Aside from...
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...Tribal Homelands of the Chickasaw and Choctaw Monica N. Griffis Southeastern Oklahoma State University Tribal Homelands of the Chickasaw and Choctaw This paper describes the primary geographic characteristics of the ancestral homelands of the indigenous Chickasaw and Choctaw people in North America, prior to first contact with European nations and continuing into the settlement timeframe of early colonists. These homelands originally included a significant portion of Louisiana and Mississippi, although the most closely held region was near the ancestral Nanih Waiya mound, which according to oral traditions held the origins of these tribal people. Prior to the surge of Western settlement, Chickasaw and Choctaw tribes were similar to other Native American nations in occupying the expanse of their territory not by personal land ownership, but instead through a series of communal villages governed by cultural leaders. Their occupation of the land was driven by natural resources and trade routes, and the prime positioning of these homelands proved to be too valuable to escape aggressive dispossession by colonial settlement. Early Chickasaw and Choctaw homelands occupied a large territory east of the Mississippi River in an extremely favorable location, especially related to waterways, trade routes, fertile land, and climate conditions. According to the research of St. Jean (2003), the centralized location of these tribes was advantageous...
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...interaction with neighboring Early Stallings groups as well as groups farther afield. It is possible that these interactions were the catalyst for the emergence of the Mill Branch culture. The Mill Branch culture was present in the Savannah River Valley between 4,700 and 4,200B.P and was characterized by soapstone cooking slabs and bannerstones as well as some large stemmed biface called Savannah River Stemmed or, more appropriately named, the Mill Branch Point. Sassaman believed that it is the interactions and tensions between these early Stallings communities and Paris Island communities that led to the genesis of the Mill Branch culture and the eventual abandonment of some middle Savannah sites. Mill Branch culture was based on the Middle Savannah River Valley of South Carolina and Georgia. Their technique of cooking can be placed in the Savannah River Valley and limited adjacent areas were soapstone was drafted for such uses. Due to their high thermal shock resistance, soapstone offered not only an efficient yet highly durable thermal medium at that. Mill Branch culture history in the Middle Savannah was formed through interactions with their Coastal Plain neighbors, bearers of Stallings culture. Sassaman viewed that Mill Branch ancestry likely assimilated into Stallings culture via marriages, but, resistant factions of Mill Branch culture survived in the area for generations by means of their separation and reinvention in dispersed, mobile settlements of the adjoining uplands...
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...Why are tropical countries so poor? Countries with historically rich colonial backgrounds, including fair political institutions and profitable economic institutions, seem to have faired off better than colonies in tropical countries that lacked them. This can be rationalized since European countries set up institutions in different locations with varying intentions. (Acemoglu, Johnson and Robinson 1370). By identifying the characteristics and the resulting influences of various colonial institutions, in addition to why different locations were more suitable for these separate institutions, it will become apparent as to why tropical countries turned out poorer than areas with temperate climates today. One type of colony set up by Europeans was an extractive state. “The main purpose of the extractive state was to transfer as much of the resources of the colony to the colonizer” (1370). These colonies were exploited by Europeans and didn’t offer institutions that protected their native citizens against the ruling government. Their existence was solely to produce profit for the elite, which was done through extracting the lands’ gold, silver, and cash crops (Easterly and Levine 8). The ruling government would generally extract these colonies valuables, then “set up a complex mercantilist system of monopolies and trade regulations to extract further resources from the colonies” (Acemoglu, Johnson and Robinson 1375). Since there was an overwhelming economic motive behind the...
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...Islamic Impact on City/Town Planning Course : Muslim Heritage and its Global Impact (Spring 2013) sec. 02 Date : 3/19/2013 Table of contents 1. INTRODUCTION 2. THE CITY 2.1. PRE-ISLAMIC PRECEDENTS 2.2. FORMATION OF URBAN MODELS 3. DESIGN PRINCIPLES OF THE ISLAMIC CITY 3.1. NATURAL LAWS 3.2. RELIGIOUS AND CULTURAL BELIEFS 3.3. DESIGN PRINCIPLES STEMMED FROM SHARIAH LAW 3.4. SOCIAL PRINCIPLES 4. MORPHOLOGICAL COMPONENTS OF THE ISLAMIC CITY 4.1. THE MAIN MOSQUE 4.2. SUQS 4.3. RESIDENTIAL QUARTERS -COURTYARDS 4.4. STREET NETWORK 4.5. WALL 4.6. EXTERIOR 4.7. ELEMENTS ABOVE THE STREET. 4.8. ISLAMIC EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR DECORATION 4.9. THE WAQF 4.10. WATER SYSTEMS 4.11. SERIAL AND CONTINUOUS SHAPES OF WATER 4.12. POLAR AND CLOSED WATER SHAPES 5. CONCLUSION 6. REFERENCES 3 4 4 4 6 7 7 7 7 8 9 9 11 12 12 12 12 12 13 14 15 18 19 20 |Page2 1. Introduction Man is a natural planner and all through history has planned for his own changing needs and for the needs of those around him. His towns and cities have been subject to continual 'progress' and 'modernization', evolving, adapting and assimilating new ideas and technologies. The changes came about through additions, alterations and adjustments to what was there before and in a way that continued to allow each place its own expression of culture and society. The infinite variety and diversity of mankind is identified by cultural preferences, modes of social behavior and interaction, rationale, intellect, beliefs, history...
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...especially when referring to the Greek and Roman periods. anthropology: The study of humanity - our physical characteristics as animals, and our unique non-biological characteristics we call culture. apsidal: building type with one rounded end, found especially in mainland Greek Early Iron Age contexts. archaeological survey: Recording remains visible on the surface, without recourse to excavation. archaeology: A subdiscipline of anthropology involving the study of the human past through its material remains. artifact: Any portable object used, modified, or made by humans; e.g. stone tools, pottery, and metal weapons. ashlar masonry: masonry style with smoothed rectangular cut blocks. assemblage: A group of artifacts recurring together at a particular time and place, and representing the sum of human activities. band: A term used to describe small-scale societies of hunters and gatherers, generally less than 100 people, who move seasonally to exploit wild (undomesticated) food resources. Kinship ties play an important part in social organization. Big-Man society: A type of socio-political organization where an influential individual achieves the leadership position through personal achievements (alliances, gift exchange networks, feasts, impressive deeds etc). In contrast with chiefdoms, the position of leadership is not hereditary. Archaeologists think that the Early Iron Age (Dark Age) society may have been Big-Man communities. bulla: (Latin, pl. bullae) A hollow clay...
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...sentences: a. One of the oldest human settlements dating from 8000-9000BC is …………….. in Palestine. b. The village of ……………………………. that dates back to 6250-4000BC in Anatolia had no streets but densely packed courtyard houses with circulation from rooftops. c. In Palestine, the village of …………………. Ca. 9000 BC had round huts 3-9m in diameter with roofs constructed of reed. d. The first evidence of a street can be found in the village of …………………….. ca. 5650BC in the island of ………………………… e. Prehistoric architecture did not consist of only houses, but other spaces that were probably used as …………………….. were also found. f. CA. 3500BC, the so called “city-states” like Ur, Warka and Khafje were located in the land known as ………………………… g. The Assyrians used glazed ……………………. in the decoration of their facades and palaces. h. The main building material in Mesopotamia is …………………………. i. The entrance to the palace of Sargon II in Khosabad is protected by two winged …………….. with human heads. j. The main gate to the city of Babylon ca. 665BC was called the ……………… gate. k. In Persopolis, the column capital had a capital of a double …………………… or ………………… l. The typical zone of transition for a Sassanian domes is called a ……………. 4- Mention the most important architectural features of the fortress of Mersin ca. 4500 BC 5- What is the “Urban Revolution” ? 6- What is the function of the Citadel in early cities ? 7- Why was writing and record keeping important in early urbanism? 8- What is a “ziggurate”...
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...In the early 1600s, the British began to arrive and settle the Americas. Many religious groups such as the Puritans, voyaged to the New World in hopes of escaping religious persecution. Additionally, companies, similar to the Virginia Company, chartered voyages, in which part of the profits of the colonies would return to them. These journeys were to build colonies that would discover precious metals that would be exported back to Great Britain. Modern historians question whether or not the British settled haphazardously, because of the seemingly sporadic nature of the colonies. When considering this idea, there are many examples of early colonies which could have benefited from better organization. For example, Jamestown was founded in the...
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...MEMO To: Borg Re: Preferred stock classification Facts Borg (the Company) is an early-stage research and development medical device company. Borg has no current products in the marketplace but is in the final stages of going to market with the Heart Valve System. All preliminary trials have been approved by the FDA, and the Company is in the final trial; once the final trial is complete, the Company will present the product to the FDA for final approval. If approved by the FDA, the Heart Valve System will revolutionize the way medical professionals repair heart valve defects. Bionic Body (“Bionic”), a SEC registrant, is a biological medical device company that focuses on the development of implantable biological devices, surgical adhesives, and biomaterials. Bionic could benefit from the approval of the Heart Valve System since it has a supplementary device that could be used in tandem with the Heart Valve System. As part of a financing strategy to support its operations, Borg sold Bionic $3.5 million of Series A Preferred Shares (the “Shares”) of the Company with a par value of $1 per Share. The transaction was completed on November 30, 2011. As part of the Series A Preferred Stock purchase agreement, Bionic has the following rights: * Board Rights — as the holder of the preferred stock, Bionic is entitled to appoint one member to the Company’s board of directors (the “Board”). In addition, Bionic has the right to appoint an observer to receive all information provided...
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...oldest human settlements dating from 8000-9000BC is …………….. in Palestine. b. The village of ……………………………. that dates back to 6250-4000BC in Anatolia had no streets but densely packed courtyard houses with circulation from rooftops. c. The oldest known religious monument is that of …………………….. located in modern day Turkey. d. In Palestine, the village of …………………. Ca. 9000 BC had round huts 3-9m in diameter with roofs constructed of reed. e. The first evidence of a street can be found in the village of …………………….. ca. 5650BC in the island of ………………………… f. Prehistoric architecture did not consist of only houses, but other spaces that were probably used as …………………….. were also found. g. CA. 3500BC, the so called “city-states” like Ur, Warka and Khafje were located in the land known as ………………………… h. The Assyrians used glazed ……………………. in the decoration of their facades and palaces. i. The main building material in Mesopotamia is …………………………. j. The entrance to the palace of Sargon II in Khosabad is protected by two winged …………….. with human heads. k. The main gate to the city of Babylon ca. 665BC was called the ……………… gate. l. In Persopolis, the column capital had a capital of a double …………………… or ………………… m. The typical zone of transition for a Sassanian domes is called a ……………. 5- Mention the most important architectural features of the fortress of Mersin ca. 4500 BC 6- What is the “Urban Revolution” ? 7- What is the function of the Citadel in early cities ? ...
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...Stages of British Rule 1. What are the characteristics of the “First Stage “ of colonial rule in India? 2. How did East India gain by capturing political power in India? 3. Describe about early settlement Acts? 4. If one carefully studies the period of Indian history between 1757 and 1940 one finds clearly identifiable stages of British colonization each with its specific and distinguishable characteristics. Can you identify the main features of each stage with corresponding impacts on the Indian economy? 5. “The emergence of Industrial Britain resulted in De-industrialization and commercialization of Indian Agriculture in the early part of Nineteenth century”. Do you agree? Explain your conclusions. 6. Discuss the impact of the military and industrial revolutions upon India up to 1858. Which of these would you regard as more important? Industrial Revolution 1. The industrial revolution in the UK changed the nature of British interest in India. Comment. 2. How was the Indian economy affected by the change? 3. What role did opium play in that regard? 4. Would you attribute the origins of the industrial revolution to the inventive genius of the English people? Provide reasons for your answer. 5. Analyze the cause and conditions of the emergence of the factory system of production in Western Europe. What are the chief characteristics? Indian Business 1. Explain the...
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