...Coursework is receipted on the understanding that it is the student's own work and that it has not, in whole or part, been presented elsewhere for assessment. Where material has been used from other sources it has been properly acknowledged in accordance with the University's Regulations regarding Cheating and Plagiarism. 000636368 Tutor's comments Ngufor Chiawah Hilary NGUFOR CHIAWAH HILARY-000636368 Grade Awarded___________ Moderation required: yes/no For Office Use Only__________ Tutor______________________ Final Grade_________ Date _______________ ANALYSING THE IMPACT OF THE INTRODUCTION OF HYBRID CARS ON THE AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY IN THE UK Abstract Hybrid cars are an emerging aspect in contemporary automobile technology. Hybrid cars have existed for over one hundred years. However the benefits from such cars have not been acknowledged for all this time until in recent years. Generally speaking a hybrid car is one which uses two power engines to pull the vehicle. The introduction of hybrid cars has been hailed greatly, mostly by international organisations, governments, nongovernmental organisations (NGOs,) and individuals. Many car manufacturers are continuously getting involved with the production of hybrid cars with Toyota being the highest producer of the cars and having the highest sales [1]. These cars are most used in Europe. Hybrid cars were introduced to combat the effects of the gasoline cars vis-a-vis environmental concerns, but also for political...
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...CHEATING Definition Cheating is defined as the intentional act of breaking the rules, or attempting to achieve personal gain through fraud or deceit.16 To cheat is to deprive of something valuable by the use ofdeceit or fraud, to influence or lead by deceit, trick, or artifice, to practice fraud or trickery, to violate rules dishonestly, or to be sexually unfaithful.11 A cheater (sometimes called acheat) gets something by dishonesty or deception; or by depriving one of his or her rights and usually connotes deliberate perversion of the truth; or by large-scale cheating bymisrepresentation or abuse of confidence.11 Cheating is an act of lying, deception, fraud, trickery, imposture, or imposition. Cheating characteristically is employed to create an unfair advantage, usually in one's own interest, and often at the expense of others. Cheating implies the breaking of rules. Cheating is a primordial economic act: getting more for less, often used when referring to marital infidelity.3 Cheating is when a person misleads, deceives, or acts dishonestly on purpose.17 Cheating fundamentally includes several elements of both lying and stealing, with specific motivations to gain something of value by illegitimate means. That is why lying and stealing are discussed before cheating. Cheating is lying and/or stealing with the intention for acquiring something for more than merely the "pleasure" of fooling or depriving others. Children Cheating as a concept is not understood by children...
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...to violate people's privacy, how automation leads to job reductions, or how management information and its corresponding systems are used and abused for personal gain. In the last 25 years, people have seen an overwhelming technology infusion affecting business, education, and society. Virtually all areas of the society have been transformed by the usage of technology. The change is important from an ethical perspective in terms of who Information Technology (IT) workers are today and what their tasks are. Higher education, specifically in business schools, needs to take some responsibility in preparing students for the ethical usage of information technology and the underlying information within those systems. .. Links: Check Article Linker for...
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...Contents 1 What is game theory? 2 Definitions of games 3 Dominance 4 Nash equilibrium 5 Mixed strategies 6 Extensive games with perfect information 7 Extensive games with imperfect information 8 Zero-sum games and computation 9 Bidding in auctions 10 Further reading 4 6 8 12 17 22 29 33 34 38 This is the draft of an introductory survey of game theory, prepared for the Encyclopedia of Information Systems, Academic Press, to appear in 2002. ∗ 1 Glossary Backward induction Backward induction is a technique to solve a game of perfect information. It first considers the moves that are the last in the game, and determines the best move for the player in each case. Then, taking these as given future actions, it proceeds backwards in time, again determining the best move for the respective player, until the beginning of the game is reached. Common knowledge A fact is common knowledge if all players know it, and know that they all know it, and so on. The structure of the game is often assumed to be common knowledge among the players. Dominating strategy A strategy dominates another strategy of a player if it always gives a better payoff to that player, regardless of what the other players are doing. It weakly dominates the other strategy if it is always at least as good. Extensive game An extensive game (or extensive form game) describes with a tree how a game is played. It depicts the order in which players make moves, and the information each player has at each decision...
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...Game Theory∗ Theodore L. Turocy Texas A&M University Bernhard von Stengel London School of Economics CDAM Research Report LSE-CDAM-2001-09 October 8, 2001 Contents 1 What is game theory? 2 Definitions of games 3 Dominance 4 Nash equilibrium 5 Mixed strategies 6 Extensive games with perfect information 7 Extensive games with imperfect information 8 Zero-sum games and computation 9 Bidding in auctions 10 Further reading 4 6 8 12 17 22 29 33 34 38 This is the draft of an introductory survey of game theory, prepared for the Encyclopedia of Information Systems, Academic Press, to appear in 2002. ∗ 1 Glossary Backward induction Backward induction is a technique to solve a game of perfect information. It first considers the moves that are the last in the game, and determines the best move for the player in each case. Then, taking these as given future actions, it proceeds backwards in time, again determining the best move for the respective player, until the beginning of the game is reached. Common knowledge A fact is common knowledge if all players know it, and know that they all know it, and so on. The structure of the game is often assumed to be common knowledge among the players. Dominating strategy A strategy dominates another strategy of a player if it always gives a better payoff to that player, regardless of what the other players are doing. It weakly dominates the other strategy if it is always at least as good. Extensive game An extensive game (or extensive...
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...Game Theory Game A game is a formal description of a strategic situation. Game Theory Game theory is the formal study of decision-making where several players must make choices that potentially affect the interests of the other players. Mixed Strategy A mixed strategy is an active randomization, with given probabilities, that determines the player’s decision. As a special case, a mixed strategy can be the deterministic choice of one of the given pure strategies. Nash Equilibrium A Nash equilibrium, also called strategic equilibrium, is a list of strategies, one for each player, which has the property that no player can unilaterally change his strategy and get a better payoff. Pay-Off A payoff is a number, also called utility, that reflects the desirability of an outcome to a player, for whatever reason. When the outcome is random, payoffs are usually weighted with their probabilities. The expected payoff incorporates the player’s attitude towards risk. Perfect information A game has perfect information when at any point in time only one player makes a move, and knows all the actions that have been made until then. Player A player is an agent who makes decisions in a game. Rationality A player is said to be rational if he seeks to play in a manner which maximizes his own payoff. It is often assumed that the rationality of all players is common knowledge. Strategic form A game in strategic form, also called normal form, is a compact representation of a game...
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...Everything In which the book’s central idea is set forth: namely, if morality represents how people would like the world to work, then economics shows how it actually does work. Why the conventional wisdom is so often wrong . . . How “experts”— from criminologists to real-estate agents to political scientists—bend the facts . . . Why knowing what to measure, and how to measure it, is the key to understanding modern life . . . What is “freakonomics,” anyway? 1. What Do Schoolteachers and Sumo Wrestlers Have in Common? 15 In which we explore the beauty of incentives, as well as their dark side—cheating. Contents Who cheats? Just about everyone . . . How cheaters cheat, and how to catch them . . . Stories from an Israeli day-care center . . . The sudden disappearance of seven million American children . . . Cheating schoolteachers in Chicago . . . Why cheating to lose is worse than cheating to win . . . Could sumo wrestling, the national sport of Japan, be corrupt? . . . What the Bagel Man saw: mankind may be more honest than we think. 2. How Is the Ku Klux Klan Like a Group of Real-Estate Agents? 49 In which it is argued that nothing is more powerful than information, especially when its power is abused. Spilling the Ku Klux Klan’s secrets . . . Why experts of every kind are in the perfect position to exploit you . . . The antidote to information abuse: the Internet . . . Why a new car is suddenly worth so much less the moment it leaves the lot . . . Breaking the real-estate agent...
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...| MKT 382 Pricing/Channels | | Fall, 2011Course Unique # 05135 (9:30 a.m.) | Professor Kate Mackie, Ph.D. Office CBA 5.176 M (behind Executive Education, past Communications Office) Office Hours Tuesdays/Thursdays, 1:00-2:30, and by appointment Phone 512-288-3115 (Cell phone – feel free to call any day before 9 p.m.) E-Mail Kate.Mackie@mccombs.utexas.edu Skype katemackietx Course Web Page via Blackboard ------------------------------------------------- Teaching Assistants Dave Isquick (David.Isquick@mba12.mccombs.utexas.edu ) Course Objectives The primary objectives of this course are to: a) advance your understanding of concepts and tools useful in the analysis and development of pricing and distribution strategy, and b) help you develop skills and gain experience in formulating these strategies. Learning methods The course uses (a) individual and team assignments with field work, (b) case study briefs and discussions (c) lectures and discussions of readings, (d) guest speakers, and (e) a pricing simulation. The classroom environment will be very interactive, so prepare to get involved. Students come from a variety of backgrounds with a large and diverse base of knowledge and experience. Therefore, the primary role of the professor will be to facilitate discussions that bring out pertinent issues and to better frame the analyses of these issues. Required materials Case Packet: ...
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...sources of information that may include facts, statistics, historical writings, etc. The topic is usually one that you select, although the instructor may assign a topic area. This module is divided into two sections. The first section deals with the basics of developing and writing research papers. The second section covers information on different types of papers. You will learn how to approach writing assignments, how to find and document resources, how to prepare an outline, how to present your papers, and how to avoid plagiarism. Section One covers the following topics: 1. Getting Started 2. Brainstorming Your Topic 3. Beginning Your Research 4. Outlining Your Paper 5. The First Draft 6. Writing the Paper 7. Proofreading and Revising 8. Documenting (Citing) Your Sources 9. Delivery Section Two covers: 1. 2. 3. 4. Book Reports Term (Research) Papers Short and Long Reports Avoiding Plagiarism 1. GETTING STARTED The first step in any research paper assignment is to decide on your topic. Be sure your topic is manageable, meaning you can cover it adequately; it is appropriate to the topic; and it is interesting to you. For example, in Sociology class you may be studying changes in society. The broad theme may be "societal changes in the last hundred years." A topic more limited in scope is "the effect of television on American society." Always try to narrow your topic down to something that you can cover adequately in the number of pages you are required to write. On the other...
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...BSc (Hons) in Applied Accounting and Research and Analysis Project INFORMATION PACK 2012 - 2013 CONTENTS 1) 2) 3) About Oxford Brookes University ....................................................................... 1 Eligibility ............................................................................................................ 2 Conversion arrangements ................................................................................. 4 3.a) ACCA exam conversion arrangements ....................................................... 4 4) Aims and outcomes ........................................................................................... 5 4.a) 4.b) 4.c) Programme regulations ............................................................................... 5 Programme learning outcomes ................................................................... 6 RAP learning outcomes............................................................................... 7 5) Assessment ....................................................................................................... 9 5.a) 5.b) 5.c) 5.d) Marking and moderation of your work ......................................................... 9 Assessment criteria ..................................................................................... 9 Resubmission rules ................................................................................... 11 Determination of class of degree .........
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...BSc (Hons) in Applied Accounting and Research and Analysis Project INFORMATION PACK 2013 - 2014 CONTENTS 1) 2) 3) About Oxford Brookes University ....................................................................... 1 Eligibility ............................................................................................................ 2 Conversion arrangements ................................................................................. 4 3.a) 4) ACCA exam conversion arrangements ....................................................... 4 Aims and outcomes ........................................................................................... 5 4.a) 4.b) 4.c) Programme regulations ............................................................................... 5 Programme learning outcomes ................................................................... 6 RAP learning outcomes............................................................................... 7 5) Assessment ....................................................................................................... 9 5.a) 5.b) 5.c) 5.d) Marking and moderation of your work ......................................................... 9 Assessment criteria ..................................................................................... 9 Resubmission rules ................................................................................... 12 Determination of class of degree .................
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...report on an E-commerce company-Taobao, researching on its web-pages, operates strategies, products and business model. Assessing its success in China on-line trading market and proposing business strategies featuring IT that help improve its performance. By Xiaochen,Li; Bingtian,Zhang; Tianshu,Lu; Hui,Niu; Yuguo,Hou; Lin,Zhu Table of Contents Introduction............................................................................................................................... .3 Taobao Information Systems Strategic Alignment .................................................................. 4 Business Strategies of Taobao’s E-commerce ........................................................................... 5 SWOT Analysis of Taobao......................................................................................................... 6 Payment security........................................................................................................................ 8 Credit Valuation ......................................................................................................................... 9 Credit Rating............................................................................................................................ 13 Decision Support Function of Taobao ..................................................................................... 16 Information Asymmetry in e-commerce.............................................
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...PETER SINGER ETHICS AND INTUITIONS (Received 25 January 2005; accepted 26 January 2005) ABSTRACT. For millennia, philosophers have speculated about the origins of ethics. Recent research in evolutionary psychology and the neurosciences has shed light on that question. But this research also has normative significance. A standard way of arguing against a normative ethical theory is to show that in some circumstances the theory leads to judgments that are contrary to our common moral intuitions. If, however, these moral intuitions are the biological residue of our evolutionary history, it is not clear why we should regard them as having any normative force. Research in the neurosciences should therefore lead us to reconsider the role of intuitions in normative ethics. KEY WORDS: brain imaging, David Hume, ethics, evolutionary psychology, Henry Sidgwick, Immanuel Kant, intuitions, James Rachels, John Rawls, Jonathan Haidt, Joshua D. Greene, neuroscience, trolley problem, utilitarianism 1. INTRODUCTION In one of his many fine essays, Jim Rachels criticized philosophers who ‘‘shoot from the hip.’’ As he put it: The telephone rings, and a reporter rattles off a few ‘‘facts’’ about something somebody is supposed to have done. Ethical issues are involved – something alarming is said to have taken place – and so the ‘‘ethicist’’ is asked for a comment to be included in the next day’s story, which may be the first report the public will have seen about the events...
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...is ninety percent mental and the other half is physical.” - Yogi Berra "Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration." - Thomas Edison Preface You know what a percentage is. 2 out of 4 is 50%. 3 is 25% of 12. Etc. But do you know enough about percentages? Is a percentage the same thing as a fraction or a proportion? Should we take the difference between two percentages or their ratio? If their ratio, which percentage goes in the numerator and which goes in the denominator? Does it matter? What do we mean by something being statistically significant at the 5% level? What is a 95% confidence interval? Those questions, and much more, are what this book is all about. In his fine article regarding nominal and ordinal bivariate statistics, Buchanan (1974) provided several criteria for a good statistic, and concluded: “The percentage is the most useful statistic ever invented…” (p. 629). I agree, and thus my choice for the title of this book. In the ten chapters that follow, I hope to convince you of the defensibility of that claim. The first chapter is on basic concepts (what a percentage is, how it differs from a fraction and a proportion, what sorts of percentage calculations are useful in statistics, etc.) If you’re pretty sure you already understand such things, you might want to skip that chapter (but be prepared to return to it if you get stuck later on!). In the second chapter I talk about the interpretation...
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...Chapter 1 Ethical Reasoning: Implications for Accounting Ethics Reflection PENN STATE CHILD ABUSE SCANDAL: A CULTURE OF INDIFFERENCE What motivates an otherwise ethical person to do the wrong thing when faced with an ethical dilemma? Why did Joe Paterno and administrators at Penn State University look the other way and fail to act on irrefutable evidence that former assistant football coach Jerry Sandusky had raped and molested young boys, an offense for which Sandusky currently is serving a 30- to 60-year sentence? According to the independent report by Louis Freeh that investigated the sexual abuse, four of the most powerful people at Penn State, including president Graham Spanier, athletic director Timothy Curley, senior vice president Gary Schultz, and head football coach Joe Paterno, sheltered a child predator harming children for over a decade by concealing Sandusky’s activities from the board of trustees, the university community, and authorities. The Freeh report characterizes the inactions as lacking empathy for the victims by failing to inquire as to their safety and wellbeing. Not only that, but they exposed the first abused child to additional harm by alerting Sandusky, who was the only one who knew the child’s identity, of what assistant coach Mike McQueary saw in the shower on the night of February 9, 2001.1 McQueary testified at the June 2012 trial of Sandusky that when he was a graduate assistant, he walked into the locker room and heard sounds of slapping...
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