...Write a short research paper regarding the Bhopal chemical plant explosion. Your task is to critique, form an ethics standpoint, the Union Carbide Corporation’s response to the disaster, focusing specifically on the company’s legal strategy. To discuss the ethical standards that were adhered by during the Bhopal disaster we first need to understand the relationship between law and ethics. Ethics and legal principles are usually closely related, however ethical obligations typically exceed legal duties. Also, while ethical beliefs lead to developing regulations that prevent/encourage certain behaviors, laws and regulations usually prevent certain behaviors. With a better understanding of ethics we can now discuss the issue at hand. While some people may view the actions of Union Carbide Corporation down right unethical and a burden to society others have a different stance on the issue. I believe the Union Carbide Corporation conducted their business in an ethical manner for the most part. UCC knowingly went in on a business deal with UCIL to produce a pesticide call Sevin. After the business was formalized and some time passed, UCIL wanted to cut costs by producing the Methyl Isocyanate at the plant located in India. While the building was suitable to create the pesticide through purchasing and importing the finished chemicals it wasn’t equipped to create them. Also, the building itself wasn’t located in an area that would be safe to produce Methyl Isocyanate. When UCIL...
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...SECTION III. PRESENTATION NOTE: Show Slide 1. Learning Step/Activity 1: Identify the Permaswage toolkit Method of Instruction Conference Instructor to Student Ratio 1:8 Time of Instruction (Minutes) 00:05 Media Power Point References TM 1-1500-204-23-2 & SOP: AS 374-401 Security Classification Unclassified a. Definition: The Permaswage system is a tube connecting system that mechanically attaches a Permaswage fitting to a tube by radial swaging. 1. The system is used to make permanent and separable connections between metal tubes. 2. It works by deforming the metal fitting onto a tube radially, 360° around the circumference. 3. The interference between the fitting and tube produce a leak resistant seal that is structurally sound. 4. This system can be used to produce new tubing systems, or to repair existing ones. 5. Because the system is simple and lightweight, it can be used on or off aircraft. Question: What can you produce using the Permaswage system? Answer: New tubing or repairs to existing tubing. Question: What does the interference between the fitting and tube produce? Answer: Leak resistant seal b. Basic components 1. The Permaswage kit is powered by a hand operated pump. Pump includes pressure gauge, pressure relief knob, hydraulic quick disconnect and pressure relief valve (factory preset @ 10,000 psi +/- 250 psi. 2. Power unit, head assembly and lower die block...
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...1997 BPS Chemical Plant Explosion On May 8, 1997, at just about 1:15 p.m., an enormous explosion and fire happened at Unit Two of the Bartlo Packaging Incorporated (BPS) facility sited in West Helena, Arkansas. Three West Helena firefighters were killed as a result of the explosion and fire. An additional seventeen firefighters needed medical attention because of heat exhaustion and injuries during the response. According to the EPA/OSHA Joint Accident Investigation Program report, “The Unit Two structure was completely destroyed. Hundreds of residents and patients at a local hospital were either evacuated or sheltered-in-place. The Mississippi river traffic and major roads were closed for approximately twelve hours due to the release of toxic materials from the facility.”...
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...PLANT EVOLUTION Plant Evolution Colette Andrews Strayer University SCI 115 Dr. David Davies November 24, 2012 Plant Evolution has been around for millions of years. In fact, plants were the first species on earth and the first to live on land (“Plant Evolution”, D. Davies, accessed 11/24/12). For 1500 million year’s photosynthetic organisms remained in the sea. This is because, in the absence of a protective ozone layer, the land was bathed in lethal levels of UV radiation. Once atmospheric oxygen levels were high enough the ozone layer formed, meaning that it was possible for living things to venture onto the land (The University of the West Indies. Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences 2003-2012). The seashore would have been enormously important in the colonization of land. In this zone algae would have been exposed to fresh water running off the land (and would have colonized the freshwater habitat before making the move to terrestrial existence). They would also be exposed to an alternating wet and desiccating environment. Adaptations to survive drying out would have had strong survival value, and it is important to note that seaweeds are poikilohydric and able to withstand periods of desiccation (The University of the West Indies. Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences 2003-2012). The earliest evidence for the appearance of land plants, in the form of fossilized spores, comes from the Ordovician period (510 - 439 million years ago),...
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...Case Assignment 1 1. Does Monsanto maintain an ethical culture that can effectively respond to various stakeholders? Yes, it does. Ethical culture Stresses the importance of ethical behavior dependent of any religious beliefs in relation to life, personal, social, local and international, (“Dictionary.com”). From a surface view Monsanto is adhering to ethical corporate responsibility. They are giving back to the community, and making sure that they do not pollute the environment. They speak of social responsibility and business ethics to create a great reputation with stakeholders. They donate funds to research and low income individuals. All the while these good deeds that are seen from the surface cover up major issues that are very prevalent. For decades Monsanto has been hiding the truth about the environmental pollution from its products. that are harmful for people. The stakeholders have rightfully loss confidence in the company causing stock prices to fall dramatically. 2. Compare the benefits of growing GM seeds for crops with the potential negative consequences of using them. The benefit if one will call it that to growing GM seeds is the high quantity crop productions. The benefit to growing GM seeds mean farmers can expect better yields. This is because of the bug repellant nature of the GM crops and bugs can eat up a very substantial amount of crops. However, many years have “we” grown crops and invented ways of protecting the fields from bugs and animals....
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...Aquatic ecosystems lab course pooled aims to acknowledge and study of the characteristics of the aquatic ecosystem is pooled. This lab course held on Sunday, 29 August 2010 in Situ Gede region Quadrant II at station 6. Methods undertaken in this lab course is sampling (sampling methods) which includes interviews, field observation and data collection techniques with some parameters, as the nature of physics, chemistry, and biology, then conducted the analysis ofsamples in laboratory. The General characteristics of the physical parameters murky brown waters is the color, brightness ranges from 27-31 cm, depth ranging from 105-138 cm, type of substrate in the form of fine mud and temperatureon the third substations was 31 ºc. The result of the chemical parameters,...
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...Have you ever thought of what role lovebugs play in Florida’s environment? Love bugs are known to have an all-black body with an orange thorax. They fill up Florida’s sky with their little black bodies. Floridians and even annual travelers ask themselves “Why are they so annoying? Why are there so many? They are so destructive! How can they possibly help our environment?” As larvae, the waste products they produce help make viable soil for plants, which helps us in obtaining the oxygen. As adults, they help with the reproduction and diversity of plants. Though love bugs are pest toward the human population, they play a crucial role in our environment. Love bugs, also known as Plecia neartica or bibionid flies (Denmark, Mead, Fasulo,...
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...1406 Dr. Ladine 24 October 2017 Take Home Exam #3 In nature, plants serve many purposes. From providing food and oxygen for all plants and creatures to embodying the beautiful world around us, plants serve a pivotal role in maintaining life on earth. With that being said, it begs the question concerning what is going on behind the scenes. It may look like plants just exist, when really they are the reason humans exist. Through the process of photosynthesis, which is the biological process that can capture radiant energy (sunlight) and convert it into chemical compounds (carbohydrates) that every organism uses to power its metabolism (OpenStax 219-220), plants successfully create energy that is used to fuel the processes of all living things. The Purpose of Chloroplasts & Mitochondria Inside all plants are two organelles, chloroplasts and mitochondria. The two organelles serve a very important purpose in the creation of energy for plants. The name chloroplast explains that these structures contain chlorophyll. In reference to the mitochondria, chloroplasts have their own unique DNA and are responsible for the production of energy, and they reproduce independently from the rest of...
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...How to Build Your Own Greenhouse Building your own greenhouse can be a fun and exciting activity. There are various designs and different sizes that you can choose from. You just have to take note of how much empty space you have in your yard and you can begin constructing right away. A greenhouse can give you comfort and relaxation. It’s also a good place to keep and take care of your plants, vegetables, flowers and even orchids. It provides the right sunlight and humidity these plants need to grow healthy. You, on the other hand, will feel more relaxed and rejuvenated every time you visit your greenhouse. It can enhance your self-worth knowing that you’ve used all your own efforts in building such a calm and wonderful place. If you are reluctant to spend a lot of money on your greenhouse, you can choose to build a small one...
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...in particular: moisture, light and oxygen availability, and soil temperature (Windham 2001). Plant species can have various influences on soil structure and nutrient content and/or availability (Corbin and D'Antonio 2012). Invasive plants can change the substrate nutrient cycling, by adding to or taking away from the current normal levels of nutrients involved in microbial respiration or the nutrients needed by the native plants directly, be it sulfur, nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus or methane, of the previously established ecosystem. Invasion of nitrogen fixers are the most...
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...Freshwater ecosystems are a subset of Earth's aquatic ecosystems. They include lakes and ponds, rivers, streams, springs, and wetlands. They can be contrasted with marine ecosystems, which have a larger salt content. Freshwater habitats can be classified by different factors, including temperature, light penetration, and vegetation. Freshwater ecosystems can be divided into lentic ecosystems (still water) andlotic ecosystems (flowing water). Limnology (and its branch freshwater biology) is a study about freshwater ecosystems. It is a part of hydrobiology. Original efforts to understand and monitor freshwater ecosystems were spurred on by threats to human health (ex. Cholera outbreaks due to sewage contamination). Early monitoring focussed on chemical indicators, then bacteria, and finally algae, fungi and protozoa. A new type of monitoring involves differing groups of organisms (macroinvertebrates, macrophytes and fish) and the stream conditions associated with them. Current biomonitering techniques focus mainly on community structure or biochemical oxygen demand. Responses are measured by behavioural changes, altered rates of growth, reproduction or mortality. Macroinvertebrates are most often used in these models because of well known taxonomy, ease of collection, sensitivity to a range of stressors, and their overall value to the ecosystem. Most of these measurements are difficult to extrapolate on a large scale, however. The use of reference sites is common when assessing what...
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...prior to the debate is that in regards to what should be allowed to be used as pesticides, I believe that both synthetic and natural pesticides have its advantages and disadvantages. Natural pesticides that are found in certain plants have been specifically derived by that plant to protect itself from harmful pests. Although it may be effective in killing certain insects, it may not be as effective for other uses. For instance: a plant is found to secrete toxic chemicals in its nectar that target fire ants and the only way for the ant to be poisoned would be if it drank from the nectar, or bit into the plant itself. This toxin is contained inside the plant and has no exterior effects to surrounding animals. If a manufacturer extracted the pesticidal ingredients from the plant and turned it into a spray that people can use in their homes, how do we know what kind of effects it will have on the environment? Yes, the ingredients are all natural, but it was made specifically for the plant and it was fully contained in nature. The toxin could have acidic properties and enzymes that could deteriorate surrounding environments and kill other organisms, not just fire ants. Perhaps there is a reason why the toxin is found to be naturally isolated inside the plant. Although there have been negative opinions towards synthetic pesticides, sometimes man-made pesticides may actually be more beneficial to the environment than their natural counterparts. Scientists are able to manipulate and...
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...UNIT 1 INDIVIDUAL PROJECT Biology – SCIE206 by AIU Online May 3, 2014 UNIT 1 IP Introduction During the winter season salt is spread onto the driveway and streets to melt the snow. In the springtime, when the lawn begins to grow, there is no growing of grass for about three inches from the driveway. The grass where the salt was not placed has normal growth as usual. Furthermore, the grass seems to be growing more slowly about one inch from the driveway. This paper will explain the reason why the grass is not growing back the same. This paper will examine how salt reacts with grass. Hypothesis The chemicals that makeup the salt that is used to melt the snow during the winter season is believed to inhibit the growth of grass in the spring. Prediction Grass will not grow where there is a high concentration of salt in the soil. Controlled Experiment Find an area that’s contains healthy green grass. Place a border around a small section of that area securing it from the rest of the grass. It would be better to cut away two sections of the area. Make sure both section are identical in size. In one section 250ml of salt will be use and in the other section 500ml of salt will be used. Add the different liters of salt measurements to each section. Wait ten to twenty days. Record the information and compare the different between the 250ml and the 500ml...
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...Experimental Overview: In this experiment I was determining the amount of diphosphorus pentoxide in a sample of fertilizer, then comparing my results to what the fertilizer label states. By doing this experiment I was looking at quality control, and determining if the fertilizer has accurately distributed chemicals needed for healthy plant growth. There are three main Chemicals needed for strong, healthy plants; nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Nitrogen is important for the plant’s growth, and for the growth of the plant’s leaves, while potassium and phosphorus help the roots grow stronger, and healthier, along with helping the plant produce flowers. When looking at the box of fertilizer you will find a set of numbers, such as, 15-30-15, or 10-20-10. These numbers represent the percentage of that particular chemical in the fertilizer. So in the case of...
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...treatment control options available for invasive plants. Large machinery may be the most cost effective way to control some dense infestations of invasive trees and shrubs. Bush hogging, mulching, and mowing can remove large plants, preparing stumps and later new growth for herbicide. Great care should be exercised however, to minimize soil ruts, soild disturbance, and compation. All of these can not only hinder restoration, but also give additional opportunity for futher invasion. Chain saws, brush saws, hedge trimmers, and weed whips create less disturbance than heavy machinery. It is also critical to clean seeds and debris from equipment on-site at the end of each day to avoid spreading invasives. Weed wrenches or grubbing tools are useful on shallow- rooted species on days when the soil is moist, but the entire root system must be removed for this to effective otherwise the plants may resprout....
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