...Introduction “To what extent was the use of chemical weapons a successful strategy used by the USA (against the NVA and Vietcong) in the Vietnam War from 1956 – 1972?” The aims of this research task is to give reason for the American introduction of chemical weapons in the Vietnam War and also to state its effectiveness in combating the NVA and Vietcong forces and the long term effects of chemical weapons which lead the US forces out of Vietnam and force compensations to this day. The military strategy to larger extent was a successful military strategy causes the NVA and Vietcong to change their strategy for example the Supply line Knowns the Ho Chi Minh Trail which cuts though Cambodia was started due to the American intensive use in Bombing and chemical attacks. However the involvement of chemical weapons in the Vietnam War caused even more strain on the American forces in Vietnam, with more Vietcong...
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...Rudimentary forms of chemical and biological weapons have existed for thousands of years, and in the last century there has been an explosion of chemical and biological weapon technology and development. World War I was the infancy of modern chemical weapons and since then they have become an even more deadly and systematic form of killing. Many nations, including the United States, still have thousands of tons of chemical agents that lie in storage. In the hands of the wrong person, they could wreak absolute havoc on the environment and population. The United States, along with all other nations should not continue to stockpile and produce biological and chemical weapons because the use of them is immoral, and totally inconsistent with the policies of a country that is a leader. The destruction and loss of innocent lives...
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...Unit 731, chemical weapon subject When Japanese Imperial Army took metal, they also took young female for their own purposes. First of all, high ranking officers of the Japanese Imperial army did biological experiments for their baleful chemical weapons like poison gas and burned the people in Manchuria. For example, Dissection of the person with reveal disease is to check how disease influence the person by seeing the stomachs, heart, and liver. Japanese soldiers cut the arms and legs for researching how haemorrhaging effects the person. Some body parts were iced for researching decomposition of the body part when person is alive. Some of the people’s brains and lungs, livers were removed. They removed whole skin from a...
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...As a result of being the first post industrial war, world war one saw the development of many new modern weapons that were used on a large scale for the first time. Of the many different weapons that were created during this period in time some of the most notorious are the chemical weapons utilized by both sides during the war. The French were the first to implement some of of chemical weaponry during the war by equipping their troops with tear gas grenades in 1914. The axis powers, specifically Germany, were the first ones to try using chemical weapons on a large scale during the war and were successful after two failed attempts. The first attempt against the British failed when the explosive charges destroyed the chemical agents that...
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...The Senate Committee On Foreign Relations voted on Wednesday to give President Barack Obama the power to a launch a limited military attack to punish Syria for using chemical weapons. The vote was 10-7. It marked the first time in more than a decade — since a 2002 resolution that preceded the Iraq war — that members of Congress have voted to authorized military action. The resolution, which could be voted on by the full Senate as early as next week, forbids Obama from using ground troops in Syria and allows the military response to last no longer than three months. The yes votes comprised seven Democrats and three Republicans, including Sen. John McCain, who had expressed reservations that the United States was not doing enough to arm the rebels fighting Syrian leader Bashar Assad. Earlier in the day, President Obama landed in Stockholm and, at a press conference with the Swedish prime minister, declared that punishing Syria for using chemical weapons was a matter of upholding the credibility of the world. Answering a question about his statement last year that Syrian use of chemical weapons would be a “red line,” President Obama said the response was not about him. “I didn’t set a red line — the world set a red line,” President Obama said. “The international community’s credibility is on the line, and America and Congress’ credibility is on the line because we give lip service to the notion that these international norms are important.” He further...
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...Jeff Liao English 1 H 2 September 2011 Dulce et Decorum Est The poem “Dulce et Decorum Est” let readers visualize the scenes of war, it shows how painful and frighten is to die for your own country. Owen used lots of strong and ugly word like “yelling, stumbling, choking, drowning…etc.” to let the reader illustrate how vile and inhumane it actually is. Owen use “Dulce et Decorum Est” as a title, it is a Latin phrase which means “it is sweet and honorable to die for your country”. It give readers a false sense of the poem, it makes them think that this poem is definitely about a heroic guy did something great in the war, like sacrifice himself for the country. At the end, Owen continues his poem by ending that the title is a lie. In this poem, the speaker describe the scenes in the battlefield, he want the readers to image it. The poem start off with a simile “like old beggars under sacks”, which compare men to beggars. There are tons of imagery in hear, like “From gargling blood to cancer-like sores, we've got it all’, describe that soldier's body breaks down completely. There aren’t too many allusions here, but there is a good one, in line 20 “devil” is always about bad stuff. The poem is rhyme in (ababcdcdefef). In stanza1, the speaker describes that the soldiers are like old beggars, crawling over dead bodies on the ground, tries to get through enemies defense. Until almost the end for the day, the soldiers turn away from the lights and noise, and head back to where...
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...WHAT IS CHEMICAL WARFARE?- Definition of chemical/Chemicals Used – Before talking about the use of chemical warfare, I thought it would be best to describe what chemical warfare actually is. It is the use of chemical agents to kill, injure or incapacitate the enemy. An ex-Chemical warfare defense advisor for the Kuwait Ministry of Defense by the name of Hamad Al Hasawi says “It is not a bullet that you can dodge, or something you can go to the hospital and can take out. It is something that you may not know exists when you are walking down a street”. He lists the chemicals sarin, cyclosarin, soman, vx and novichok as the most threatening chemical agents in the world today. Sarin is typically odorless and colorless and takes one minute to kill a person. Sarin- -What is Sarin? Sarin is nerve agent that is colorless, odorless chemical that can kill you as little as a minute, in extreme cases. It was developed by German Researchers in the 1930's and it causes muscle spasms, vision loss, and asphyxia. This chemical is classified as a weapon of mass destruction. -How is Sarin Delivered? This is a dangerous chemical that can be deployed as a liquid, or loaded in to missiles and mortars. It can be packaged with other chemicals and converted in to nerve gas or fired from anti-tank guns and shoulder mounted launchers. Side effects of Syria- Sarin can be inhaled or absorbed through the skin. It cripples the respiratory central of the central nervous system and paralyzes the...
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...U.S. chemical weapons inventory in the country. They were asked to complete the task by April 29, 2012. The world would be watching as the company took on this colossal assignment. Jackson II (n.d.) The Project Team Exhibited Exceptional and Ethical PM Practices There are five project management process groups and the Umatilla facility initiated each of these activities to achieve their goal. The process was initiated, planned, executed and monitored. Schwalbe (2011) To initiate the process the U.S. Army brought in the engineering firm of URS because they realized the extent of the risk that would have to be undertaken. Through the planning process, the team came up with a plan for the first phase which would be to package each nerve agent into different categories or “campaigns” whereas only the designated chemical could be incinerated. By executing this plan the risk would be reduced. This process would be executed over a designated span of months. Forming campaigns assisted the Umatilla factory in terms of safety because it helped them to know at all times what was being destroyed. Jackson II (n.d.) Obstacles that Could Adversely Impact the Triple Constraints One of the problems that URS faced was that even though they were able to recruit about 20 percent of employees who were to work on this problem from their current workforce, the majority of them were inexperienced. There weren’t many local employees who were able to decommission chemical weapons. Because...
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...terrorist plans or intents. BACKGROUND: Sarin is one of the most lethal and effective nerve agents available. It can be used in liquid or gas forms, and it can kill within 1 to 10 minutes (CDC). Sarin is flexible and can be used to poison the air both indoors and outdoors, attached to an explosive, sprayed over crops or added to water supplies. Even those who happen to receive immediate medical attention will likely be permanently physically and or mentally handicapped (LaFranchi). Sarin would be an excellent addition to our organization’s stockpile as it can be used in a wide variety of situations across the globe with high effectiveness. ACQUISITION: Sarin gas has been declared illegal by the UN since the Chemical Weapons Convention of 1993 and it was declared a weapon of mass destruction by UN Resolution 687. As such, it is illegal for just about any state (who has signed onto the convention) to manufacture, own, stockpile or distribute sarin. While this may seem like it will complicate acquisition, there are currently sources to exploit where we already have control and/or influence. According to Woodward, Aum Shinrikyo was able to create a facility to produce sarin gas with only $30 million USD. This is a paltry sum now that we have allies and subgroups consolidating and commanding territories in Syria and Iraq. With our world-wide influence and reach, it will not be hard to recruit the required chemists in order to operate this plant(s), and with the open desert and small...
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...The dictionary describes proliferation as a rapid growth or production of new parts or cells. When referring to weapon proliferation, it needs to stop. While reading the article, I continued to notice the author was referring to small arms and light weapons as different entities, and I don’t really understand the difference. When doing further research I found; “Small arms and light weapons are man-portable weapons made or modified to military specifications for use as lethal instruments of war. Small arms are broadly categorized as those weapons intended for use by individual members of armed or security forces. They include revolvers and selfloading pistols; rifles and carbines; sub-machine guns; assault rifles; and light machine guns. Light weapons are broadly categorized as those weapons intended for use by several members of armed or security forces serving as a crew. They include heavy machine guns; hand-held under-barrel and mounted grenade launchers; portable anti-aircraft guns; portable anti-tank guns; recoilless rifles; portable launchers of anti-tank missile and rocket systems; portable launchers of anti-aircraft missile systems; and mortars of calibers less than 100 mm (Small Arms and Light Weapons SA/LW).” Although there is a difference between the two, I can agree that both are detrimental to the safety of the world and innocent bystanders to the “new business of war.” Small arms have become one of the main components in war, and according to Global Issues,...
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...Basic Combat Training Basic Combat Training, often referred to as just BCT, is the introduction Soldiers recieve as they enter the Army. It is often considered a life-changing experience, something that people remember, reflect on, and tell stories to their grand children about decades later. BCT is not easy...as we often say here, there is nothing basic about Basic Training. BCT takes 10 weeks to complete. Unlike schools which typically have between six and seven hours a day of teaching, the Army trains for about 12-14 hours a day, Monday through Saturday. We try to avoid too much sitting in a classroom...but it does happen: We also spend a little bit of time outside; getting some fresh and air and, when the opportunity presents itself, a little exercise: Traveling...by foot: Climbing ropes: And if you're good enough, graduating in front of your friends and Family! Week 0: Reception Soldiers complete administrative actions required to become part of the Army. Simple things such as medical examinations, setting up pay, and initial issue of equipment is completed. This process typically takes between two and three days but can take over a week in some cases. Weeks 1-3: Red Phase Welcome to BCT! Soldiers meet their Drill Sergeants and begin training. While often considered a difficult week for Soldiers due to the adjustments, it is actually pretty easy compared to later weeks. Most classroom-type training occurs in this period where Soldiers learn about: * Ballistics...
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...Catapult Essay Throughout the Middle Ages, there were different types of weapons used to defend people’s villages and attack others. A popular weapon used at this time, mainly to attack, was called the catapult. It was primarily used to destroy castle walls of the enemy. A catapult is a machine hurling heavy objects into a certain direction without using gunpowder or any chemical substances. Although catapults were mainly used during the Middle Ages, the catapult was invented many years before, around 400 BC. It was invented in Syracus, a town in Greece. The first catapult, called the Gatraphete, did not look like the typical catapult, but appeared to look more like a crossbow. The Gatraphete was sometimes referred to as the Belly Bow because...
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... United States Code DoD Directive 5500.7-R, Section 3-211, Joint Ethics Regulation, 1 Aug 93 OPNAVINST 5102.1D OPNAVINST F3100.6H (NOTAL) NTRP 3-07.2.2 SW300-BC-SAF-010 Rev 1 Marine Corps Reference Publication 3-01B, Pistol Marksmanship Marine Corps Reference Publication 3-01A, Rifle Marksmanship Army Field Manual 3-23.35, Pistol Marksmanship Army Field Manual 3-22.9, Rifle Marksmanship (1) Range Regulations (2) Small Arms Dry Fire Training Procedures and Guidelines (3) Qualification Criteria for Pistols (4) Qualification Criteria for Rifles (5) Qualification Criteria for Shotguns (6) Qualification Criteria for Light, Medium and Heavy Machine Gun Performance Evaluation (7) Targets (8) Sustainment Training for Category II Crew Served Weapons Operators OPNAVINST 3591.1F 12 Aug 2009 1. Purpose. To establish Navy policy and prescribe minimum requirements for individual small arms training and qualification per references (a) through (s). This instruction is a complete revision and shall be reviewed in its entirety. 2. Cancellation. OPNAVINST 3591.1E. 3. Applicability. This instruction applies to all active and reserve Navy personnel; all Navy law enforcement and security personnel (military, civilian, and contract personnel) per references (a) and (b); and to all personnel whose duties require them to be armed. It also applies to...
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...Biology 219 Invertebrates in the News “Native Ants Use Chemical Weapons to Turn Back Invading Argentine Ants” Although we may think that humans dominate the globe, one Argentine species of ant, Linepithema humile, is making strides to challenge this supremacy. In fact, this invasive species may be part of a colony that is “ the largest of its type ever known for any insect species, and could rival humans in the scale of its world domination” (Walker). This mega colony has spread its reach over several continents, including Africa, Europe, Australia, and North America, and unwittingly humans have played a role in the formation of this colony by transporting these insects in contaminated crates of Argentinean sugar. Unfortunately, the spread of this invasive species has resulted in some serious ecological implications, such as the demise of the native ants inhabiting these conquered territories. The extermination of the native ants has greatly impacted the surrounding ecosystem, because “some native ant species that eat seeds have coevolved with certain native grasses and other plants to become a crucial part of the plant's propagation by carrying the seeds to new areas” ("Native Ants Use…”). Thus, the disappearances of these native species have drastically affected the dispersal and survival of these grasses, and the creatures that feed on or reside in these plants. However, one ant species native to North America, Prenolepis imparis, has decided to take a stand...
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...cover tragedies that involve opening fire in public places. In most recent news, Adam Lanza and the Sandy Hook tragedy tugged on the heartstrings of Americans as we got details of an assault weapon that was used on innocent children and adults for no apparent reason. While we let ourselves grieve, we must not let emotion come in between understanding these attacks and the reasons why they happen. I believe guns themselves are not the reason to turn up the lights on gun control, but rather shine attention on the mentally unstable citizens who are committing these crimes. It was almost unheard of in the past for perpetrators to kill themselves after the fact, so the issue at hand here is what has changed from then until now? Comparatively, in recent history antidepressant medications, suicide rates and gun control have found themselves in the same room but not studied under the same microscope. Antidepressants are prescribed to solve the chemical imbalances in a brain, but more often than not lead to more neurotic behavior and cause problems to get worse. I believe it is paramount that people considered to be mentally unstable should go through a strict mental evaluation before being able to open carry any weapon or purchase any kind of assault weapon. Doing so would help curb buying weapons, but not necessarily stop violence. Institutions able to prescribe drugs should also go under very strict government evaluations. That would greatly require the government to recognizing...
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