...terrorist plans or intents. BACKGROUND: Sarin is one of the most lethal and effective nerve agents available. It can be used in liquid or gas forms, and it can kill within 1 to 10 minutes (CDC). Sarin is flexible and can be used to poison the air both indoors and outdoors, attached to an explosive, sprayed over crops or added to water supplies. Even those who happen to receive immediate medical attention will likely be permanently physically and or mentally handicapped (LaFranchi). Sarin would be an excellent addition to our organization’s stockpile as it can be used in a wide variety of situations across the globe with high effectiveness. ACQUISITION: Sarin gas has been declared illegal by the UN since the Chemical Weapons Convention of 1993 and it was declared a weapon of mass destruction by UN Resolution 687. As such, it is illegal for just about any state (who has signed onto the convention) to manufacture, own, stockpile or distribute sarin. While this may seem like it will complicate acquisition, there are currently sources to exploit where we already have control and/or influence. According to Woodward, Aum Shinrikyo was able to create a facility to produce sarin gas with only $30 million USD. This is a paltry sum now that we have allies and subgroups consolidating and commanding territories in Syria and Iraq. With our world-wide influence and reach, it will not be hard to recruit the required chemists in order to operate this plant(s), and with the open desert and small...
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...Terror from the Air Luftebeben: An den Qullen des Terrors, initially a book first written in German by author Peter Sloterdijk. However, the English translation of the book was published by Semiotext(e) in 2009, which we now know of as Terror from the Air. Sloterdijk wrote this book based around terriosm and our atmosphere, he calls this Atmoterrorism. Peter Sloterdijk defined the 20th century as these three things “the practice of terrorism, the concept of product design, and environmental thinking” (reference p.9). And for him, there was one day in particular that marked the beginning of the 20th century; it was on April the 22nd of 1915. On that epoch, the unexpected happened at Ypres in Northern France during World War 1, when the army of Germany attacked using chlorine gas, making this the first act of gas warfare in history. It was this event in which modernity arose, no longer would attacking involve death to only the enemies, but now to their environment and the air they breathe. The evolution of using poisonous gas would cause harm and destruction to everything essential for living, it was also a sign that traditional war was no longer, but more so classed as terrorism. The first one of the three themes that outlines the 20th century is the practice of terrorism, which was when enemy interaction was established on a post- militaristic basis (Sloterdijk, 2009, p.29REFERENCE). During this time of war is when the discovery of the atmosphere and ecosystem transpired...
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...WHAT IS CHEMICAL WARFARE?- Definition of chemical/Chemicals Used – Before talking about the use of chemical warfare, I thought it would be best to describe what chemical warfare actually is. It is the use of chemical agents to kill, injure or incapacitate the enemy. An ex-Chemical warfare defense advisor for the Kuwait Ministry of Defense by the name of Hamad Al Hasawi says “It is not a bullet that you can dodge, or something you can go to the hospital and can take out. It is something that you may not know exists when you are walking down a street”. He lists the chemicals sarin, cyclosarin, soman, vx and novichok as the most threatening chemical agents in the world today. Sarin is typically odorless and colorless and takes one minute to kill a person. Sarin- -What is Sarin? Sarin is nerve agent that is colorless, odorless chemical that can kill you as little as a minute, in extreme cases. It was developed by German Researchers in the 1930's and it causes muscle spasms, vision loss, and asphyxia. This chemical is classified as a weapon of mass destruction. -How is Sarin Delivered? This is a dangerous chemical that can be deployed as a liquid, or loaded in to missiles and mortars. It can be packaged with other chemicals and converted in to nerve gas or fired from anti-tank guns and shoulder mounted launchers. Side effects of Syria- Sarin can be inhaled or absorbed through the skin. It cripples the respiratory central of the central nervous system and paralyzes the...
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...YOURSELF Chemical warfare is a place where you do not want to be in ever in your life. It is a situation that I pray no one will ever have to be in during their lifetime. When I was in the Army, the last few months of my time was to teach soldiers that were on their way to be deployed to Iraq or Afghanistan about Nuclear, Biological and Chemical (NBC) warfare. When you are in a situation where you have to protect yourself from NBC, you have less than two minutes to protect yourself. There will be no time to think about anything else but to make sure that you protect yourself properly. What I want to do is to teach the reader on how to recognize if they are and a contaminated area. Once they recognize they are and a contaminated area, I want the reader to know how to properly protect and decontaminate themselves after the ordeal is over. The two types of chemical weapons that will be discussed will be sulfur mustard, also known as mustard gas and nerve agents. They are the two most popular types of chemical agents that are used during chemical warfare. I urge the reader to be sure that they do everything right the first time when it comes to recognizing when they are in a contaminated area and they protect themselves from contamination. The way people in the military protect themselves from chemical agents will be different from the way civilians when the protect themselves. I will inform the civilian leaders on how to recognize and protect themselves from chemical agents. The...
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...U.S. chemical weapons inventory in the country. They were asked to complete the task by April 29, 2012. The world would be watching as the company took on this colossal assignment. Jackson II (n.d.) The Project Team Exhibited Exceptional and Ethical PM Practices There are five project management process groups and the Umatilla facility initiated each of these activities to achieve their goal. The process was initiated, planned, executed and monitored. Schwalbe (2011) To initiate the process the U.S. Army brought in the engineering firm of URS because they realized the extent of the risk that would have to be undertaken. Through the planning process, the team came up with a plan for the first phase which would be to package each nerve agent into different categories or “campaigns” whereas only the designated chemical could be incinerated. By executing this plan the risk would be reduced. This process would be executed over a designated span of months. Forming campaigns assisted the Umatilla factory in terms of safety because it helped them to know at all times what was being destroyed. Jackson II (n.d.) Obstacles that Could Adversely Impact the Triple Constraints One of the problems that URS faced was that even though they were able to recruit about 20 percent of employees who were to work on this problem from their current workforce, the majority of them were inexperienced. There weren’t many local employees who were able to decommission chemical weapons. Because...
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...Jeff Liao English 1 H 2 September 2011 Dulce et Decorum Est The poem “Dulce et Decorum Est” let readers visualize the scenes of war, it shows how painful and frighten is to die for your own country. Owen used lots of strong and ugly word like “yelling, stumbling, choking, drowning…etc.” to let the reader illustrate how vile and inhumane it actually is. Owen use “Dulce et Decorum Est” as a title, it is a Latin phrase which means “it is sweet and honorable to die for your country”. It give readers a false sense of the poem, it makes them think that this poem is definitely about a heroic guy did something great in the war, like sacrifice himself for the country. At the end, Owen continues his poem by ending that the title is a lie. In this poem, the speaker describe the scenes in the battlefield, he want the readers to image it. The poem start off with a simile “like old beggars under sacks”, which compare men to beggars. There are tons of imagery in hear, like “From gargling blood to cancer-like sores, we've got it all’, describe that soldier's body breaks down completely. There aren’t too many allusions here, but there is a good one, in line 20 “devil” is always about bad stuff. The poem is rhyme in (ababcdcdefef). In stanza1, the speaker describes that the soldiers are like old beggars, crawling over dead bodies on the ground, tries to get through enemies defense. Until almost the end for the day, the soldiers turn away from the lights and noise, and head back to where...
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...This is the dark time my love Themes: War, power and authority/lack of freedom Tones and Moods: anxiety pressure and fear Metaphor: brown beetles "This is the Dark Time My Love" is poem that deals with cruelty and the pain and suffering of war The repetition of the line ‘This is the dark time, my love’ emphasizes on what a dreadful and fearful time it was. They were almost there, almost free of the British hold. Even Mother Nature herself was aware of the struggle: ‘The shining sun is hidden in the sky. Red flowers bend their heads in awful sorrow’ * 'brown beatles' refers the tankers. PERSONIFICATIONS 'Red flowers bend their heads.....' this is to show that flowers/nature is feeling the pain. 'dark metals' represents the guns. 'hidden sun in the sky' symbolizes the hidden hope of the people. OXYMORONS- 'carnival of misery' and ' festival of guns' Who comes walking in the dark night time? Whose boot of steel tramps down the slender grass? It is the man of death, my love, the strange invader Watching you sleep and aiming at your dreams. Aiming at the dreams of the innocent, people who had a right to look forward for a brighter future for their country and themselves. Free of being bullied, hated and looked down upon because of being different only to have a dark shadow cast over them by the invasion of the soldiers. Dulce et decorum est Simile Like old beggars’ l.1. The soldiers are deprived of dignity and health like the elderly and...
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...Constant threat of terrorism Constant threat of terrorism The terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001 on the World Trade Center (WTC) in New York and the Pentagon in Washington, showed the power of a terrorist network. International Network of Global Salafi Jihad and its department al-Qaeda unit al-Sulbah (Al-Qa'idah al-Sulbah) - the main organizers of large-scale terror attacks of the last fifteen years - are the most powerful terrorist and public organizations whose purpose is to establish a true Islamic government and the revival of Islam. The emergence of organizations such as the Global Salafi Jihad (Salafist movement) and the international terrorist network al - Qaeda - the International Islamic Front for Jihad against Jews and Christians – is a consequence of a single trend prevailing in the contemporary Muslim world - namely, rise of radical and militant Islamism. International terrorist organizations seek to acquire weapons of mass destruction and sabotage plans in the areas of oil and gas. In addition, according to some researchers, operating in Russia's North Caucasus militants are closely linked to the international terrorist network “Al Qaeda”. “Al-Qaeda” has transformed into a movement that brings together independent terrorist cells in the world on an ideological basis. It has established strong contacts with regional extremist organizations in the Islamic Maghreb, in south-east Asia - with a "JI", in Russia - the “Caucasus Emirate” (Bergen, 2006). In addition...
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...Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction The General Assembly, Recalling its previous resolutions on the subject of chemical weapons, in particular resolution 67/54 of 3 December 2012, adopted without a vote, in which the General Assembly noted with appreciation the ongoing work to achieve the object and purpose of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction, 1 Determined to achieve the effective prohibition of the development, production, acquisition, transfer, stockpiling and use of chemical weapons and their destruction, Noting that, since the adoption of resolution 67/54, two additional States have acceded to the Convention, namely, Somalia and the Syrian Arab Republic, bringing the total number of States parties to the Convention to 190, Taking note of the report of the United Nations Mission to Investigate Allegations of the Use of Chemical Weapons in the Syrian Arab Republic on the alleged use of chemical weapons in the Ghouta area of Damascus on 21 August 2013, 2 in which the Mission concludes that chemical weapons have been used in the ongoing conflict between the parties in the Syrian Arab Republic, as well as against civilians, including children, on a relatively large scale, Condemning in the strongest possible terms the use of chemical weapons, Taking note of decision EC-M-33/DEC.1 of 27 September 2013...
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...Al-Majid’s fondness of using chemical weapons earned him the name “Chemical Ali”. The genocide was known as the Anfal campaign, and consisted of the use of chemical weapons, concentration camps, and mass slaughter. The men were usually taken away from their families in crowded, unsanitary vans and driven off to the desert. There, they dug their own graves and were lined up to be shot in front of them. The women, children, and elderly were usually taken to concentration camps where they were starved and beat. Al-Majid also gassed entire villages with no remorse. The chemicals killed and gravely hurt thousands, and he denied the use of...
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...CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL RADIOLOGICAL NUCLEAR HIGH-YIELD EXPLOSIVES Name Institution Chemical Biological Radiological Nuclear High-Yield Explosives The most likely device that a terrorist can employ is the conventional explosive device. These types of explosives have been around for centuries since the modification of the Chinese explosive gunpowder for use in weaponry. The manufactured as well as improvised explosive devices are the easiest weapons to get and use. This may be because, instructions regarding their assembly and deployment is widely available both in print and the internet. The information is also found through the transfer of knowledge in criminal networks (Bullock et al., 2012). When these extensively available weapons are used skillfully, they can inflict large amounts of destruction to both humans and properties. An example of such an attack is the September 2011 incident in the U.S. The use of conventional explosives can be the easiest to use in the United States since they rely on low technology, and are easy to transport. Most importantly, it is not easy to detect these devices as most of the materials are untraceable due to their accessibility (Bullock et al., 2012). The other type of explosive is the use of biological agents. These are live organisms or toxic byproducts from living organisms used in order to cause injury, illness or death of plants, humans or livestock. Even though there was awareness regarding the possibility of using...
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...Disease on the Screen The movie chosen for this assignment is the “Andromeda Strain”, a 1971 movie directed by Robert Wise. The movie was based on a novel by Michael Crichton. I chose this movie because I wanted to know about the perception of global health over forty years ago. Some of the contemporary diseases like SARS, Avian Flu, and swine flu that threaten global health today were either unheard of or little were known about them forty years ago. Disease or crisis, especially the one presented in this movie was meant to be taken seriously because it had severe ramifications for humanity if left uninvestigated. The organism or crisis presented in this movie had the capacity to kill an entire village except two individuals (an adult and an infant). The specific organism had the propensity to travel beyond the boundary of it original discovery (a little village in New Mexico with a population of 68 people) and perhaps kill the entire of the US and the world. Multiple perspectives were provided. Initial investigators who tried to understand the situation were not sure how the people died. They wondered if the organism that caused death was inhaled or penetrated the skin to kill or even if the people committed suicide. They even wondered if the organism was related to the crushed satellite returning to earth from space. Another perspective is the ability of the Andromeda Strain to mutate with capabilities of melting plastic when the mystery seemed to have been solved. The...
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...power has grown, its foreign policy has evolved. It now has greater political influence in regional and global affairs, and is increasingly seeking the exercise that influence. This evolution in China’s role in the world will impact the United States and Japan, two close allies. Understanding the character and trajectory of a reviving China is a crucial task for Washington and Tokyo, which is made more complicated by a plurality of views on China in and between the two allies. They came up with a strategic plan, and they launched it in late 2009. The plan is a blueprint to their long-term success for American Airlines that are based on five tenets. The five tenets are invest wisely, earn customer loyalty, strengthen and defend our global network, be a good place for good people, and fly profitably. Invest Wisely which is to make sure to invest in their people if they want to reach their long-term goal. Earn Customer Loyalty which they must deliver value for every customer and differentiate our airline. We are making numerous enhancements to...
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...Adequate civilian guidance promotes the JFC’s ability to link resources and tactical actions with strategic ends. Broad and untimely guidance, the marginalization of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and intrusive SecDef tactics produced an inadequate strategic direction. President Bush belatedly signed the classified goals for the Iraq invasion in August 2002 after Secretary Rumsfeld had already directed the development of two contingency plans. The President sought to topple a dictator, secure Iraq, implant democracy and eliminate Saddam’s weapons of mass destruction treat. The top three civilian leaders, Bush, Cheney and Rumsfeld, formed a national security decision-making troika that removed the Joint Chiefs from the strategic decision-making process. Secretary Rumsfeld capitalized on the broad Presidential guidance and the Joint Chiefs of Staff marginalization to dominate the decision-making process. The SecDef used his “snowflakes” to shape military planning and drive commanders toward an operation that aligned with his vision for the employment of a lean force. Rumsfeld’s anemic force lacked the capacity to achieve the Presidents lofty strategic goals. Inadequate strategic guidance resulted in the misalignment of ends and means that was not...
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...Man has turned to the Earth’s oceans, lakes, and rivers for different reasons for centuries. Over that time humans looked to the Earth’s waterways for sustenance, commerce, security, travel, and recreation. As civilizations developed, the oceans were used as a means for nations to establish territory, increase trade within its borders, and the oceans have helped develop a global economy by acting as the highways for international trade markets. (McNicholas, 2008) For as long as humans have been sailing on the seas, nations have been trying to provide a comprehensive set of rules and regulations for all maritime subjects. Due to the attacks on New York’s World Trade Center and the Pentagon, combating terrorism has been seen in a different perspective, and the U.S. has helped kick start a worldwide campaign. Recent events, primarily 9/11, have forced nations to re-evaluate their maritime security practices with regard to their place in the global economy. Safe transport of cargo and passengers along with the security of vessels, coastlines, and ports has become critically important with the increasing level of terrorist activity. (Yonah, 2008) With salt water covering two thirds of the Earth’s surface, more than 90 percent of the world’s trade transported by water, and the United States alone having over 12,000 miles of coastline terrorists not only have an easily accessible means of transport, but a wide array of potential targets. (Yonah, 2008) The Concept of Cooperative...
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