...000 ship movements carrying as much as one quarter of the world’s commerce and half the world’s oil pass through these Straits each year. The second SLOC is the wider and deeper Lombok. It is less congested than the Straits of Malacca, is quite often used as an alternative passage and is considered a safer route. The third SLOC is the 50-mile long Straits of Sunda, another alternative to Malacca. Because the currents are strong and the depth of the water is limited, deep draft ships do not use these straits. The largest SLOC is the South China Sea. It stretches 1,800 nautical miles from Sumatra to Taiwan and is home to four principal island groups and three major zones of 1 2 This paper was presented at the “Homeland & Maritime Security Asia 2005” International Conference in Singapore on 12 October 2005. Dr S. Narayan is a Visiting Senior Research Fellow at the Institute of South Asian Studies, an autonomous research institute in the National University of Singapore. He is the former Economic Adviser to the Prime Minister of India....
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...the end of the Cold War have seen a broadening and deepening of the agenda for security issues. Followers of the “Copenhagen School” have argued that the state should no longer be seen as the sole referent object in security and that security issues should encompass more than just the state and military power. Instead, the focus should now be on “Human Security”, where the referent is the individual. States have listened and issues such as the environment, the economy and transnational crime have been securitized under the increasingly broad umbrella of “non-traditional security (NTS) issues”. There is a utility to this approach as it prioritizes an issue in policy hierarchy and puts it on the fast track for resolution. However, the premise of human security also opens the door for just about any issue to be securitized. In such a scenario, which issue should be prioritized and on what grounds is one issue more important than another? In this essay I argue that the utility of this approach comes with caveats and preconditions and that for Southeast Asia and ASEAN, the focus on NTS opens doors for cooperation to deal with problems that require multilateral solutions while at the same time moving the region towards the realization of a true Security Community. Copenhagen School: Nuts and Bolts, Pros and Cons. The basic premise of the Copenhagen School of securitization is that the realm of security studies should not be about a single-minded focus on states and military power...
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...established on December 2, 1970 to consolidate in one agency a variety of federal research, monitoring, standard-setting and enforcement activities to ensure environmental protection. This agency, US Environment Protection Agency is run by its Administrator. The current Administrator is Lisa P. Jackson. The President appoints an administrator for U.S. Environment Protection Agency and Congress can approve or decline the person. The US Environmental Protection Agency is an independent agency. The agency has approximately 17,000 full-time employees and engages many more people on a contractual basis. The purpose of U.S. Army of Corps of Engineer is to provide vital public engineering services in peace and war to strengthen the nation's security, energize the economy, and reduce risks from disasters. According to US Army of Corp Engineers website, the history of United States Army Corps of Engineers can be traced back to June 16, 1775, when the Continental Congress organized an army with a chief engineer and two assistants. Colonel Richard Gridley became General George Washington's first chief engineer; however, it was not until 1779 that Congress created a separate Corps of Engineers. Army engineers, including several French officers, were instrumental in some of the hard-fought battles of the Revolutionary War including Bunker Hill, Saratoga, and the final victory at Yorktown. The US Army Corps of Engineer is a U.S. federal agency that...
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... the absence of government leads to confusing police reforms. During this time, the U.S Marshall Service was also developed. However, they only enforced federal laws these were politically appointed positions with no pay or training. Over time, Community Oriented Policing Problem Solving (COPPS) was formed. COPPS were lead to foot patrol by officers to bring back police interaction with the community. This was set up to help develop a cooperative bond between the police and the community. The development of police styles has changed over centuries. Back in 1658 police officers were nonexistent. Every person in the community or town had the duty of protecting their town and dealing with any issues that may arise. Official policing did not occur to the 1840’s. Back then instead of people in the community dealing with issues there were certain officers who were assigned to keep the city and streets safe. Police gained the power to make arrests and another person known as judge now handed down their punishment. The Department of Homeland Security...
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...State Hillary Clinton used the term in her seminal 2011 Foreign Policy article “America’s Pacific Century.” More recently, India’s ambassador to the United States and former foreign secretary, Nirupama Rao, made the case for the Indo-Pacific in a speech at Brown University: “There is a seamless stretch of oceanic space that links the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The earlier concept of the Asia-Pacific had sought to exclude India— today the term Indo-Pacific encompasses the subcontinent as an integral part of this eastern world. We are glad that the mental map of the Asia Pacific has changed and that the center of gravity has moved westward to include India…The task before us is to concretely define this concept through expanding security, especially maritime, and economic cooperation.” Strategic thinkers are also arguing the case, including one of India’s most prominent, Dr. C Raja Mohan, author of the just released Samudra Manthan: Sino-Indian Rivalry in the IndoPacific:” (Continued on next page) Amb. Karl F. Inderfurth and Ted Osius For twenty years since India announced its “Look...
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...A COMPREHENSIVE PROJECT REPORT On Effectiveness of Marine Logistics Submitted to S.R. LUTHRA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT OF THE AWARD FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION In Gujarat Technological University UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF Faculty Guide: Company Guide: Ms. Parinaz Todiwala Mr.Pravin Dixit Assistant Professor MD (Kshitij Marine Services Pvt. Ltd.) Submitted by Ms. Harshita Kakar [Batch No. 2011-13, Enrollment No. 118050592001] Ms. Nupur Mishra[Batch No. 2011-13, Enrollment No. 118050592005 ] MBA SEMESTER III S.R. LUTHRA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT - 805 MBA PROGRAMME Affiliated to Gujarat Technological University Ahmedabad December, 2012 Company Certificate (For Sem. 3) (On Company Letterhead) This is certified that Ms. Harshita Kakar and Ms. Nupur Mishra from S.R. LUTHRA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT, are carrying out the research on the subject titled “ ” at this company / organisation under the supervision of Mr. Pravin Dixit, from Sep, 2012 to Dec, 2012. I also certify that, the above mentioned students have carried the research work satisfactorily. Place: - Surat Date: - _________ ( to be announced later on) ________________ (Name & Designation) Students’ Declaration We, Ms. Harshita Kakar &...
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...The Maritime Strategy of China in the Asia-Pacific Region Origins, Development and Impact HUANG, AN-HAO Submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2009 School of Social and Political Sciences Faculty of Arts The University of Melbourne Produced on archival quality paper ABSTRACT This thesis aims to examine how and why a continental-oriented China has shifted its maritime strategic orientation and naval force structure from its coast toward the far seas in an era of interdependent international system. Generally, China is an ancient continental land power with an incomplete oceanic awareness. With the transformation after the Cold War of China’s grand strategy from landward security to seaward security, maritime security interests have gradually become the most essential part of China’s strategic rationale. Undoubtedly, the quest for sea power and sea rights has become Beijing’s main maritime strategic issue. Given China’s escalating maritime politico-economic-military leverage in the Asia-Pacific region, its desire to become a leading sea power embodying global strategic thinking means that it must expand its maritime strategy by developing its navy and preparing for armed confrontation in terms of international relations realism. Conversely, Beijing’s maritime policy leads at the same time towards globalization, which involves multilateralism and strategic coexistence of a more pragmatic kind. This research...
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...A COMPREHENSIVE PROJECT REPORT On Effectiveness of Marine Logistics Submitted to S.R. LUTHRA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT OF THE AWARD FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION In Gujarat Technological University UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF Faculty Guide: Company Guide: Ms. Parinaz Todiwala Mr.Pravin Dixit Assistant Professor MD (Kshitij Marine Services Pvt. Ltd.) Submitted by Ms. Harshita Kakar [Batch No. 2011-13, Enrollment No. 118050592001] Ms. Nupur Mishra[Batch No. 2011-13, Enrollment No. 118050592005 ] MBA SEMESTER III S.R. LUTHRA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT - 805 MBA PROGRAMME Affiliated to Gujarat Technological University Ahmedabad December, 2012 Company Certificate (For Sem. 3) (On Company Letterhead) This is certified that Ms. Harshita Kakar and Ms. Nupur Mishra from S.R. LUTHRA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT, are carrying out the research on the subject titled “ ” at this company / organisation under the supervision of Mr. Pravin Dixit, from Sep, 2012 to Dec, 2012. I also certify that, the above mentioned students have carried the research work satisfactorily. Place: - Surat Date: - _________ ( to be announced later on) ________________ (Name & Designation) Students’ Declaration We, Ms. Harshita Kakar &...
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...International Research Journal of Social Sciences_____________________________________ ISSN 2319–3565 Vol. 2(8), 48-54, August (2013) Int. Res. J. Social Sci. India and China: Prospects and Challenges Mehraj Uddin Gojree Department of Political Science, Aligarh Muslim University, U.P., INDIA Available online at: www.isca.in Received 16th July 2013, revised 27th July 2013, accepted 12th August 2013 Abstract This paper seeks to assess the future prospects and challenges of the relationship between the two rising giants of Asia namely China and India. As they both are rising as great powers, their mutual relationship will have a significant impact not only on Asia, but on the whole world. At present, the nature of their relationship is something mixed i.e., growing cooperation in the field of trade and commerce along with distrust and mutual suspicions in the strategic fields whether political or geographical. For these apparent factors, the future relationship between India and China can be characterised by the cooperation in those fields whether mutual, regional or international which may be beneficial for the peaceful rise of both these states and confrontation, competition, and even hostility in some other areas where the respective interests of both the giants clash with each other, for example, the border issue, relationship with other countries particularly US and Pakistan, their encirclement policies, competition for energy resources, nuclear arms race...
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...Abstract The global community faces a number of critical challenges ranging from climate change to crossborder health risks to natural-resource scarcities. Many of these so-called global commons problems carry grave risks to economic growth in the developing world and to the livelihoods and welfare of their people. Climate change is the classic example. Despite the risks involved, donor governments have funded programs addressing global challenges such as climate change at far lower levels than traditional programs of country-based development assistance. The prospects for dealing with such global challenges will depend at least in part on new collective financing mechanisms. In this paper, we examine four categories of existing resource-mobilization options, including (1) transportation levies; (2) currency and financial transaction taxes; (3) capitalization of IMF Special Drawing Rights (SDRs); and (4) the sale, mobilization, or capitalization of IMF gold. In the end, we recommend that willing governments utilize a modest portion of their existing SDR allocations to capitalize a third-party financing entity. This entity would offer bonds on international capital markets backed by its SDR reserves. The proceeds would back private investment in climate-mitigation projects in developing countries that might otherwise lack adequate financing. This approach could mobilize up to $75 billion at little or no budgetary cost for contributing governments. Any limited budgetary costs...
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...Urges regional organizations such as the Association of Southeast Asian Nations to work closely with the UNODC to reduce the trafficking in illicit drugs through strategies combining treatment, rehabilitation, education and enforcement in accordance with the values of participating sovereign Member States The Asian Development Bank, to increase development grants to Member States negatively affected by the Southeast Asian illicit drug trade for the purposes of allowing them to help local farmers transition from illicit drug crops to legal and sustainable forms of agriculture Member States to continue their partnerships with the International Labor Organization’s (ILO) Youth Employment Programme as a means of combating illicit drug trafficking by providing alternative forms of employment for young persons who might otherwise be exploited by the illicit drug market; Recommends the expansion of the UNODC Alternative Development Programme to include regional education initiatives that will operate on a voluntary basis with full consent of Member States Member States should continue to funding these education initiatives through the use of Inter-Regional Banks and Non-Governmental and International Organizations; These UNODC-facilitated regional education initiatives focus on: Providing education to farmers regarding the benefits of growing licit crops, and sustainable growing practices, as well as the risks involved in engaging in growing illicit drug crop Member States...
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...Assignment Submission Declaration School of __________________________ | | Name: | <please leave blank> | | | Matriculation No: | 44081 | | | Title: | South China Sea: Recipe for War Between China and ASEAN? | | | Course and Code: | ADSP | | | Lecturer/Tutor: | A/P Bernard Loo | | | Submission Date: | 8 Apr 13 | | Keep a Copy of the Assignment Please make a copy of your work. If you have submitted your assignment electronically also make a backup copy. Plagiarism and Collusion Plagiarism: to use or pass off as one’s own, the writings or ideas of another without acknowledging or crediting the source from which the ideas are taken. Collusion: submitting an assignment, project or report completed by another person and passing it off as one’s own (as defined in the NTU Honour Code. See http://academicintegrity.ntu.edu.sg/). Penalties for Plagiarism and Collusion The penalties associated with plagiarism exist to reward good academic conduct; those who cheat will be severely punished to reflect the seriousness with which NTU views cheating, and its commitment to academic integrity. Penalties may include: the requirement to revise and resubmit an assignment, receiving a lower grade, or receiving an F grade for the assignment. DeclarationI declare that this assignment is my own work, unless otherwise referenced, as defined by the NTU policy on plagiarism. I have read the NTU Honour Code and Pledge. http://www.ntu.edu.sg/sao/Pages/HonourCode...
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...issue of climate change. The three fronts which affect the Canada and U.S. relationship are environmental degradation in Alaska and Yukon, sovereignty and border disputes, and lastly the battle for the natural resources in the Arctic. The two approaches which will facilitate in comprehending and further analyzing these issues are realism and complex interdependence. Realism describes international politics as a struggle for power dominated by organized violence in an anarchic international system. Complex interdependence challenges the realist assumption while synthesizing elements of realism and liberalism. Complex interdependence rejects the realist notion of an anarchic international system, and instead works towards a system of cooperative security, instead of just a balance in power. To deal with the rising concerns in the Arctic, Canada and the United States will most likely resort to cooperation which will then bring forth compromises. This paper argues that the Canada and U.S. relationship in the Arctic is best...
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...UNCTAD Review of MaRitiMe tRanspoRt 2014 For further information on UNCTAD’s work on trade logistics, please visit: http://unctad.org/ttl and for the Review of Maritime Transport 2014: http://unctad.org/rmt E-mail: rmt@unctad.org Layout and printed at United Nations, Geneva 1418912 (E)–November 2014–2,062 UNCTADRMT2014 United Nations publication Sales No. E.14.II.D.5 UNITED NATIONS ISBN 978-92-1-112878-9 Photo credit : © Jan Hoffmann To read more and to subscribe to the UNCTAD Transport Newsletter, please visit: http://unctad.org/transportnews U n i t e d n at i o n s C o n f e r e n C e o n t r a d e a n d d e v e l o p m e n t Review of MaRitiMe tRanspoRt 2014 U n i t e d n at i o n s C o n f e r e n C e o n t r a d e a n d d e v e l o p m e n t Review of MaRitiMe tRanspoRt 2014 New York and Geneva, 2014 REVIEW OF MARITIME TRANSPORT 2014 ii NOTE The Review of Maritime Transport is a recurrent publication prepared by the UNCTAD secretariat since 1968 with the aim of fostering the transparency of maritime markets and analysing relevant developments. Any factual or editorial corrections that may prove necessary, based on comments made by Governments, will be reflected in a corrigendum to be issued subsequently. * ** Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with figures. Use of such a symbol indicates a reference to a United Nations document. * ** The designations...
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...Border Security Post 9/11 ABSTRACT U.S. border security in the post 9/11 era requires careful attention to all potential threats with particular focus on mitigating circumstances that lead to reductions in citizen safety and security. These efforts must be balanced with protection of U.S. citizens’ rights to freedom of movement and commerce. Additionally, security activities must protect borders while minimizing interference with international trade. Primary concerns at the land borders include tracking movements of people into and out of the U.S. (including potential terrorists) at the traditional borders, curtailing illegal immigration and stopping drug trafficking. Sea borders are the primary route of illegal smuggling and now have more coordinated efforts between federal agencies, law enforcement, and private interests. Skies are protected by the DHS and its private entity the TSA but often include invasive search procedures for passengers. With the post 9/11 realization of America’s vulnerability to external threats, border security became a subject of greater inquiry and action. United States border security can be categorized by the three mediums of transportation across borders – land, sea, and sky. Significant changes have occurred in the domestic security protocols utilized in all three mediums to reduce terrorist threats on U.S. soil, drug trafficking, and illegal immigration. While it seems obvious in the post 9/11 perspective that domestic security measures...
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