...------------------------------------------------- Arnold chiari malformation with syrinx Carrie Lee Chiari malformation is a condition in which brain tissue protrudes into the spinal canal. They affect the area in the lower back of the skull where the brain and spinal cord connect. They are named after Hans Chiari, an Austrian pathologist, who first identified types I-III in 1891. Julius Arnold further expanded the definition of Chiari malformation type II and some medical sources began using the name Arnold-Chiari malformation. They have also been known as congenital tonsillar herniation, tonsillar ectopia or tonsillar descent. Doctors categorize the malformations in to four types, depending on the anatomy of the brain tissue that is displaced into the spinal canal, and whether developmental abnormalities of the brain or spine are present. Type I is the most common type in older children. The lower part of the cerebellum – but not the brain stem – extends into an opening at the base of the skull. The opening is called the foramen magnum. Normally, only the spinal cord passes through this opening. Type I is also the only type of the malformation that can be acquired. Severe headaches are a common symptom that are usually precipitated with sudden coughing, sneezing, or straining. Other symptoms include: Neck pain, problems with balance, poor hand coordination, numbness and tingling of the hands and feet, vision problems, and slurred...
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...We drove to Pennsylvania and slept. The next day we entered the city going directly to the Variety House. The Variety House is a house beside the hospital where Chiari patients and one care giver can stay for free if you financially qualify. Rose and I had stayed there on our first visit to New York, so I was well familiar with the house. This was a blessing and gave Kevin a close place to stay while I had...
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...Types of Chiari Malformations Chiari Malformation is a structural defect in the cerebellum and the brain stem which controls balance and most of the involuntary functions of the body. The malformation is formed during pregnancy while the fetus in the woum the mothers’ lack of nutrients can cause a defect in the brain and spinal cord. A bony space of the skull becomes abnormally small putting a lot of pressure on the cerebellum blocking the flow of cerebrospinal fluid which protects the brain and spinal cord. The most common type of Chiari Malformation is Type 1, can affect the lower part of the brain that goes into the space at the base of the skull, it’s the same space the spinal cord passes through. Type 11 is usually seen in children born with spina bifida, the incomplete development of the spinal cord or its protective covering. I found this article in WebMD it was written by National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Strokes: NINDS reviewed by Neil Lava MD. I have learned that an Austrian pathologist named Hans was the first to identify type I-III in 1891. Afterwards, Julius Arnold further expanded the definition of Chiari malformation type II and some medical sources began using the name Arnold-Chiari malformation. Now, some medical sources use Arnold-Chiari malformation as a broad term for all forms. Chiari malformations have also been known as congenital tonsillar herniation, tonsillar ectopia or tonsillar descent. According to this article Chiari...
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...most common and mildest form of the disease. “This form of the disease is usually not obvious to the naked eye and is covered with skin but there may be a dimple or patch of hair at the site of the defect however there may be no associated symptoms,” Dr Griffith said. 2)Meningocoele “This form is uncommon and involves the protrusion of the brain coverings, through the opening in the vertebrae,” Dr Griffith said. This she said however is treatable with surgery. 3) Myelomeningocoele “This form is often what is termed as Spina bifida. This is the most severe form in which there is protrusion of the spinal cord and its coverings through the defect. This type sometimes has associated brain abnormalities such as hydrocephalus and Arnold Chiari malformations,” Dr Griffith explained. She also pointed out that with the significant damage to the spinal cord and caused by this condition the leave the nervous system is compromised and becomes more vulnerable to life-threatening infections. 4) Lipomyelomeningocoele or lipomeningocoele. Dr Griffith said this type typically refers to a lesion which involves fatty tumours. But what causes this sometimes debilitating and life threatening condition? “The causes of Spina bifida are multiple and complex they include genetic or inherited as well as environmental factors. The main dietary contributor to Spina Bifida has been found to be a deficiency of Folic Acid,” Dr Griffith said. She warned that it illnesses such as this one are reason why women...
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...causes a hole to be left open in the spine. Spina bifida is broken into four specific groups. There’s occult spinal dysraphism (OSD), spina bifida occulta, meningocele, and myelomeningocele (MMC). “When people talk about spina bifida, most often they are referring to myelomeningocele.” (Types of Spina Bifida, 2). Myelomeningocele is the most severe form, and it has fluid and part of the spinal cord form in a sac that “fall through” the hole and are left on the outside of the back. This defect can form anywhere on the spine, and it often leaves the child with multiple problems, such as paralyzation, bladder problems, latex allergy, learning disabilities, meningitis,and tendonitis. It often is associated with hydrocephalus, part of Chiari II malformation. Part of the brain sits in the lower part of the neck and causes this hydrocephalus, fluid that builds on the brain and causes the head to swell. This requires a shunt that brings the fluid in the brain into the abdomen to be absorbed by acids there. The Spina Bifida Foundation states that “A child with myelomeningocele usually is operated on within two to three days of birth.” (What is SB, 4). Fetal Surgery In utero surgery is not an option for all families. For those who have the option, it is usually performed between 19 and 25 weeks into pregnancy. It is first diagnosed routinely at the 19 week ultrasound. If the family decides fetal surgery is the right option for them, things move quickly from there and the surgery is not...
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...Physical Assessment of the Gastrointestinal System Walden University Physical Assessment of the Gastrointestinal System The examination of the gastrointestinal system is an evaluation of the organs in the center of the body and the associated vasculature and lymphatics. Its functions are investigated by using inspection techniques of visual inspection, palpation (feeling with the hands), percussion (tapping with the fingers), and auscultation (listening). The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the record of the findings resulting from the gastrointestinal physical assessment of patient Mr. J. |Week #4 | |Abdomen | |Contour/Symmetry | | | |Visual examination of the abdomen revealed symmetry bilaterally; no skin | | |abnormalities were found. There were no abdominal masses visible, and the| | ...
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...other organs during exam. 8) Doppler imaging allows in-depth evaluation of physiologic parameters. Limitations 1) Operator-dependent. 2) Large body habitus may pose some limitations. 3) Artifacts. 4) Possible risk of thermal heating or mechanical injures to fetus from high frequencies. 5) Decreased image quality in organs with high acoustical impedance. Future Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Introduction Physics Indications and contraindications Indications: • Increased BMI of mother, obscuring image quality of ultrasound. • Oligohydramnios/polyhydramnios impairing ultrasound image quality. • Need for visualizing the fetus as a whole, usually in the second and third trimester. • Further evaluation of US-detected CNS malformations. • Metabolic assessment in suspected hypoxic-ischemic injury. • Screening for associated anomalies and/or syndromic diseases. • Evaluating underlying cause for intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). • Screening in suspected familial genetic syndromes. • Maternal disease with possible interference of fetal development. • Assessing fetus after trauma to maternal abdomen. Contraindications: 1. Absolute: • Same as for any MRI exam, such as pacemakers. 2. Relative: • Claustrophobia, maternal sedation can be considered. Sequences Positioning Normal anatomy Pathological anatomy Advantages Limitations Future Other modalities (1k) Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) DWI utilizes Brownian motion, the random movement...
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...Running Head: My Life It’s My Life, My Story Takelia Watson PSY 202 Nancy Egelko 8/3/2013 My Life I. Introduction: Thesis Statement I have always pictured my life in a different way for birth to the present II. Body Paragraph #1 A. My life in general 1) My school days 2) My heart defect and how it would affect me for life 3) Living in a single family home 4) How we became homeless III. Body Paragraph #2 B. You have to have big dreams in life; I just don’t want to be like my family. 1) I want to get my degree to become a doctor 2) Start a nonprofit organization for people like me 3) Where I hope to see myself ten years from now IV. Body Paragraph #3 1) Where I see myself now 2) How I feel about I have accomplished 3) What do I think I can improve on V. Conclusion I was told never to judge a book by its cover; I always get the big picture first. I never would have thought the story of my life would even begin like this. I have always pictured my life in a different way with happy memories from birth to the present, but if that’s how it happens then that would not be my life. In this paper I will present a brief description of my life experiences both good and bad that helped shape me into the person I am today and I will analyze some of them with the adult development theories. My story begins in the hospital with my birth. I had many problems before I was even born into the world. I had to have...
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...Addison’s Disease Addisonian Anemia Albright’s Syndrome Alport’s Syndrome Alzheimer’s Argyll-Robertson Pupil Arnold-Chiari Malformation Barrett’s Bartter’s Syndrome Becker’s Muscular Dystrophy Bell’s Palsy Berger’s Disease Bernard-Soulier Disease Berry Aneurysm Bowen’s Disease Brill-Zinsser Disease Briquet’s Syndrome Broca’s Aphasia Brown-Sequard Bruton’s Disease Budd-Chiari Buerger’s Disease Burkitt’s Lymphoma Caisson Disease Chagas’ Disease Chediak-Higashi Disease Conn’s Syndrome Cori’s Disease Creutzfeldt-Jakob Crigler-Najjar Syndrome Crohn’s Curling’s Ulcer Cushing’s Cushing’s Ulcer de Quervain’s Thyroiditis Primary adrenocortical deficiency Pernicious anemia (antibodies to intrinsic factor or parietal cells → ↓IF → ↓Vit B12 → megaloblastic anemia) Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, café au lait spots, short stature, young girls Hereditary nephritis with nerve deafness Progressive dementia • Loss of light reflex constriction (contralateral or bilateral) • “Prostitute’s Eye” – accommodates but does not react • Pathognomonic for 3°Syphilis • Lesion pretectal region of superior colliculus Cerebellar tonsil herniation through foramen magnum = see thoracolumbar meningomyelocele Columnar metaplasia of lower esophagus (↑ risk of adenocarcinoma)- constant gastroesophageal reflux Hyperreninemia Similar to Duchenne, but less severe (mutation, not a deficiency, in dystrophin protein) CNVII palsy (entire face; recall...
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...Acquisitions Editor: Crystal Taylor Product Managers: Kelley A. Squazzo & Catherine A. Noonan Designer: Doug Smock Compositor: SPi Technologies First Edition © 2011 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a Wolters Kluwer business. 351 West Camden Street Baltimore, MD 21201 Printed in China All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including as photocopies or scanned-in or other electronic copies, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their official duties as U.S. government employees are not covered by the abovementioned copyright. To request permission, please contact Lippincott Williams & Wilkins at Two Commerce Square, 2001 Market street, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA, via email at permissions@lww.com, or via website at lww.com (products and services). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lambert, Harold Wayne, 1972– Lippincott’s illustrated Q&A review of anatomy and embryology / H. Wayne Lambert, Lawrence E. Wineski ; with special contributions from Jeffery P. Hogg, Pat Abramson, Bruce Palmer. — 1st ed. p. ; cm. Includes index. ISBN 978-1-60547-315-4 1. Human anatomy—Examinations, questions, etc. I. Wineski, Lawrence E. II. Title. [DNLM: 1. Anatomy—Examination Questions...
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...[pic] ICAK-USA Research The Following is a Compilation of Applied Kinesiology Research Papers Published in the Collected Papers of the International College of Applied Kinesiology for the year 2005-2006 -- Edited by Scott Cuthbert, D.C. Functional Systems Approach to Central Nervous System Evaluation Richard Belli, D.C., D.A.C.N.B. ABSTRACT Objective: This study investigates the clinical utility of testing functional systems within the central nervous system, compared to testing individual motor nerves with manual muscle testing. Design: Private practice. Study Subjects: Patients were examined by the treating chiropractor from his existing patient pool. Methods: Chiropractic management was decided on by the treating chiropractor. A series of twelve tests were designed to discover disorders of functional systems within the CNS. The tests described were to evaluate the function of 12 systems: 1) spinal cord, 2) myelencephalon/reticular formation, 3) vagal system, 4) trigeminal motor system-muscles of mastication, 5) vestibulospinal system, and bulbo reticular area, 6) reticular formation, 7) diencephalons and gait locomotion system, 8) mesencephalon, 9) cardiac sympathetic autonomic system, 10) pyramidal system, 11) limbic system, 12) sensory system. Results: This chiropractic approach tests the nervous system after provocation of functional systems...
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