...Child Growth and Development Module 1: Principles of Child Growth and Development 1 Icons This icon represents a new topic in the text. This is a visual cue for you to answer any questions about the previous section before moving along to the next one. This icon is used to identify an exercise that involves in-class practice and feedback. This icon is used to identify a specially designed activity that requires active class participation. This icon is used to identify a section that is accompanied by a video. Child Growth and Development 2 Icons This icon is used to identify a section where the participants should add items to their ―Do’s and Don’ts‖ list. This icon is used to identify an exercise that involves a role-playing scenario. This icon is used to identify the use of a transparency related to the material in this section. This icon is used to identify a key point in the material. Child Growth and Development 3 p.2 We often hear people refer to children’s growth and development. Are ―growth‖ and ―development‖ the same thing? What does each of these terms mean? •Growth refers to specific body changes and increases in the child’s size (such as:height, weight, head circumference, and body mass index). These size changes can easily be measured. Growth •Development typically refers to an increase in complexity (a change from simple to more complex) Involves a progression along a continuing pathway on which the child aquires more refined...
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...Growth and Development Sophie Evans Jill Windes ECE205 11/19/12 Growth and Development Many people use growth and development interchangeably when they are actually two separate things. Growth is physical changes leading to increase in size (Allen, 2009). Growth is measured; “the growth rate is rapid during the prenatal, neonatal, infancy and adolescent stages and slows during childhood” (Scibd, 2012). In comparison, development refers to an increase in complexity-a change from the relatively simple to the more complicated and detailed (Allen, 2009). Development is not growth as in when a child increases in size, but it is the growth of behavior;”development is also influenced by heredity, environmental factors, culture, and family values unique to each individual” (Allen, 2009). Growth is measured by charts whereas there are domains of development that are met to measure the growth of development. In this paper I am going to discuss the six major areas of development domains, an analysis of developmental milestones, and explain factors of what can contribute to atypical development. There are six major areas of developmental domains: physical, motor, perceptual, cognitive, speech and language, and social-emotional. Allen (2009) states, “Each is integrally related to and interdependent with each of the others in the overall developmental process” (pg. 35). Basically, one area of development is influenced by another area of development and so on and so forth...
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... This interaction leads to the Growth and Development of the child. The increasing of an organ or limb of the baby, in size and weight is Growth. Division of each cell and their growing into thousands in number, or their changing tissues, blood or bone, is part of the process of Development. The primary purpose of studying the growth and development of children is to understand them better. As a teacher or a parent, you, can manage children more effectively if you are aware of how they grow and develop in a systematic manner right from the moment of conception. An orderly pattern is found in the growth of every organ of the body and area of development. Although the development process is continuous, the rate or speed of development varies at different ages of the child. For example, children grow most rapidly during the first three years of life. In their middle childhood, i.e., from 6 - 12 years, their rate of growth is comparatively slow whereas it is accelerated again when they approach adolescence. A knowledge of the trends and patterns of growth and development will enable you to know how children grow and develop; when and what to expect from them, how to guide them in each stage and provide the environment for their optimum development. Let us first understand the meaning of these two important terminologies. ‘Growth’ and ‘Development’ are often used as synonymous terms. But, in fact, growth is different from development. Growth means an increase in size, height...
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...Growth and Development Paper ECE 205 February 20, 2012 The first years of life are the most important stage of human development. During the early childhood years, the brain goes through drastic changes that are influenced by our genes, as well as our environment. It is the responsibility of adults in our society to take care of their children’s emotional and cognitive needs of children in order to see the progress in each child individually. In this paper I will describe how the concept of development differs from the concept of growth. I will summarize the domains of development and analyze each developmental milestone and the purpose of each. Finally I will identify and explain the factors that might contribute to atypical development. “An understanding of child development is essential, allowing us to fully appreciate the cognitive, emotional, physical, social and educational growth that children go through from birth and into early adulthood” (Cherry, 2012). Infants, toddlers, and children all have particular capabilities and needs. Even though it may not seem like it, growth and development are two different things. There are no similarities between growth and development, and it is easy to distinguish the two. Development “relates to qualitative basis while growth is to quantitative measurement”. In other words, development takes place mentally and in the knowledge and skills children produce. Children with developmental...
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...The first years of life are the most important stage of human development. During the early childhood years, the brain goes through drastic changes that are influenced by our genes, as well as our environment. It is the responsibility of adults in our society to take care of their children’s emotional and cognitive needs of children in order to see the progress in each child individually. In this paper I will describe how the concept of development differs from the concept of growth. I will summarize the domains of development and analyze each developmental milestone and the purpose of each. Finally I will identify and explain the factors that might contribute to atypical development. “An understanding of child development is essential, allowing us to fully appreciate the cognitive, emotional, physical, social and educational growth that children go through from birth and into early adulthood” (Cherry, 2012). Infants, toddlers, and children all have particular capabilities and needs. Even though it may not seem like it, growth and development are two different things. There are no similarities between growth and development, and it is easy to distinguish the two. Development “relates to qualitative basis while growth is to quantitative measurement”. In other words, development takes place mentally and in the knowledge and skills children produce. Children with developmental difficulty because of a disorder, special needs, etc., can gain from participating in a program with a...
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...Child Growth and Development Home and Family Life June 10, 2009 Growth and Development For every human being, the process of growth and development begins at birth and continues until we die. Growth is defined as the process of increasing in physical size, while development is the process of maturation and the refinement of body systems, thought processes and judgment. Child development unfolds in a complex manner as he or she interacts with the surrounding environment. Although some children may grow and develop a little earlier or later than others, they tend to follow a general pattern of progression. A child's development can be followed by how they play, learn, speak, and behave. The tasks and skills the child learns during the different stages of development are referred to as developmental milestones. Milestones develop in a sequential fashion. This means that a child will need to develop one set of skills before he or she can develop new skills. For example, children must first learn to crawl and to pull up to a standing position before they are able to walk. Each milestone that a child acquires builds on the last milestone developed. I had the opportunity to observe a two year old female child at Home and Family life. The child at this age is growing at a rapid pace and usually gains approximately 8 oz or more per month. The child I observed was able to demonstrate some fine motor skills such as stacking blocks on top of each other and then knocking them down...
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...The question about the kind of food we should eat attracts multiple answers and this manifests clearly from the various news information published on nutritional studies and individuals diets. In many cases, the best nutritional recommendation regarding what to eat daily is relatively straight forward. Nutritionist from all over the world advise individuals to eat diets that are rich in vegetables and fruits and whole grains as they play a crucial role in building the body and providing protection against diseases(Andersen, 2010). This work is going to cover the importance of eating healthy diets among young children. It will evaluate the nutritional value and how it helps in the development and finally the types of food children eat and how it influences their physical and intellectual development. General outlook The main importance of eating health diets is associated with the many problems of weight control. Following a balanced and health diet normally helps individual to lose weight in an easier way or it plays a crucial role in maintain a person’s healthy standards. Study has it that those who strictly follow a well- balanced and healthy diet have high chances of decreasing the chances of being affected by the chronic diseases. Chronic diseases in most cases relates to poor healthy conditions because of eating poor balanced diets that cannot sustain their bodies. The occurrence of heart disease, diabetes, and cancer normally arises through poor eating habits (Insel,...
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...Development and Child Growth ECE 205 Introduction to Child Development April 9, 2012 We talk about the descriptions of child development and growth stages and what they mean and how we look at those stages and how a child will develop and growth through these changes as well. When we talk about growth we are talking about the actual size and the physical changes that a child makes over time, We talk about how the cells in the body change and with time change and expand or enlarge which is what increases the growth and the height of a child, also their weight, the circumference of their head, hands, shoe size, arm growth, and last but not least there body shape as well. Allen, K & Martoz, L (2010) When we look at children they all develop differently some will growth mentally at a faster pace than others, and others will grow physically faster than others. Infants will become more of their surroundings and with those stages of infant growths and starting out would be the rooting and sucking reflex which is a very big part of growth because that is a part of survival and that also starts to create them to be able to turn their heads. Some of the other major growths that happen with infants when they are starting to grow would be the Moro reflex, Palamar grasp reflex, babinski reflex, and last but not least the stepping and walking reflex. As those stages start to happen then you have the cognitive development and those stages would start out by the senorimotor stage...
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...What Factors Affect Physical Development? Last Updated: Jun 24, 2015 | By Marie Cheour Young children are playing outside. Photo Credit Cameron Spencer/Photodisc/Getty Images Overview Physical development and growth are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. For example, malnutrition can delay a child’s physical development significantly. On the other hand, according to the University of Minnesota, the role of some environmental factors, such as the amount of exercise the child is getting, has a much smaller effect on physical development than was previously thought. Genetics When a child is born, he has a unique set of genetic instructions that influence his physical growth. According to the University of Minnesota, genetics have a strong effect on rate of growth, the size of body parts and the onset of growth events. In one study, Dr. Stefan A. Czerwinski and colleagues followed their subjects for thirty years. By using such parental measurements as height and weight, these scientists were able to predict quite accurately the approximate height and weight of their subjects at the age of thirty. Other factors found to be closely linked to their parental values were blood pressure and body fat percentage, as well as muscle and total body mass. The study was published in the “American Journal of Human Biology” in September 2007. Environment Genetics alone, however, cannot determine the physical development of the child. The Minnesota Twin Studies have shown...
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...Language and Child Development Kaneisha Boddie PSY 600 November 10, 2014 Robert Irizarry Abstract This paper explains the developments of children from infancy to adolescents. It focuses on the importance of physical, cognitive, language, and emotional development. As children continue to grow, from infants to toddler to adolescence they tend to develop a sense of being little independent creatures. Language and Child Development Overtime children experience different type of changes of growth from the time of birth until their adolescence years which is normally referred to as child development. It is very important to recognize and to understand child development which involves a significant change biologically, cognitively, emotionally, and with educational growth through language skills. There are two different type of environment that may influence children’s behavior. The first type of course is chosen by parents. Children will more than likely adjust and become more familiar with the environment that they are raised in, and it is very possible for them to imitate language and the actions of their parents. The second type of environment is based off how a child is being treated in a specific environment. Children studies and learn from their environment and social life which is very significant in children's growth and language development. For others what is determined and accepted to be genetics in children’s development results may favor nurturing. As...
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...Basis: Neonatal Development or Infancy Explanation of Neonate Development: Neonate development or infancy is a period of postnatal. An infant is a child in the first period of life from zero to two to three years. It is the shortest period of all developmental stages or periods. The infant or the period of the neonate occurs from the cutting of the umbilical cord to the end of the second week of postnatal life. An infant is a child that must adjust to the new environment outside the mother’s body. Growth is still very rapid during this period. Characteristics: This stage is characterized by rapid growth and development. The survival of the child depends on physiological, social, psychological, digestive and physical adjustments that must be made at this stage of development. Physiologically, the child’s survival depends on the adjustment of outside the womb body in terms of breathing in and breathing out of oxygen. Psychologically the result of complaints during birth is completed when the infant beings to show signs of development progress in behavior (Hurlock,1972); the digestive adjustment of the child boarders on proper feeding and elimination of excretory waste products in order to determine the amount of sleep and comfort of the child. This feeding, sleeping and crying are process of adjustment of the child which determines developmental changes in size, weight and structure of the infant. This stage is also characterized by stoppage or half in growth and developmental...
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...Abstract Child development is an ongoing progressive process. The child development process is stages which every child must go through in their growth. It encompasses learning and mastering of abilities like walking, talking, sitting, standing, etc. Children acquire these developmental milestones during periods in their lives as they grow. A child must develop in one area before progressing to another. In development stages, children experience, cognitive development, social and emotional development, language development, and gross motor skills development. Developmental milestones are talents or skills that children obtain through particular moments in time. Children develop these milestones in a chronological order. One skill must be developed before another skill can be learned or mastered. In normal circumstances, a child normally successfully achieves milestones at certain ages and stages in their lives. We all have our milestones past and future, personal and professional, individual and in common. (French 2012) Childhood Development Case Study Babies develop skills such as bonding mechanisms. They begin to recognize voices, imitate sounds. At about 6 months, they sit up alone, babble and begin making sounds. By toddler ages they walk, climb, and begin to repeat words. They begin to interact with other toddlers. As they grow they begin to develop other skills. By the time they are 4 years old, they develop...
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...Lifespan Development and Personality Luis Cervantes PSY/103 January 11, 2016 Susanne Nishino Lifespan Development and Personality Developmental psychology is the study of how human beings age and transform throughout the eight major stages of life. This paper will focus on the physical, cognitive, social, moral, and personality development of individuals found in stage two, (early childhood 1-6 year olds). Through exploring, and examining the countless influences that affect their growth development. The physical growth transformations infants undergo in stage two of lifespan development range from, brain, motor, to sensory/perceptual development, and infant’s overall body height and weight. During the first two years, brain development and the central nervous system experience the most growth increase of any other infant’s body parts. Brain growth and learning transpire simply because neurons grow in size and the number of axons and dendrites, escalate (Carpenter S, & Huffman K. 2013a. pp. 237, 238). Meanwhile on the outside of the infant’s skull the fontanels or soft spots close off (Bjorklund, D. F., & Bering, J. M. 2002., pp. 272- 275). Motor skill development fall into two categories fine, and gross motor skills. Fine motor skill development involves the muscular, skeletal, and nervous systems generating precise operations of motions on the infant hands (Fluetsch, K. 2015 p. 9). Example of fine motor skills, a child’s ability to grasp a fork, spoon,...
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...Developmental Theories 1 Developmental Theories Tammy Weston Child and Adolescent Development PSY 104 December, 20, 2014 Developmental Theories 2 There is nothing more amazing than the growth and development of a child. Several researchers have dedicated years to the study of child development to help us better understand this amazing time in their lives. Though there are many theorists and different branches of their theories, they are narrowed into three categories, maturationist, environmentalist, and constructivist. These three theories allow us to analyze childhood development and better understand how children grow and learn. Although there are many differences in these theories, there are also some similarities. In this paper I will discuss how these theories relate and differ with regards to a child’s development. How do these theories help us understand our children and how they grow and learn? I will also discuss the importance of physical, emotional and cognitive development, to the overall development of a child and why it is imperative for us to not only understand how they develop but how we can help foster that growth. A child begins to develop while in the mother’s womb. The genetics (the makeup) of the child are already in place. (Papalia, Olds, Feldman, 2008) The child inherits genes from both mother and father. Piaget was probably one of most influential cognitive theorists. Piaget was a constructivist which means basically that learning occurs...
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...------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Childhood to Adolescence Development ------------------------------------------------- Monica Rodriguez-Sosa ------------------------------------------------- University of Houston – Downtown Introduction As we age and grow in life, we constantly change in many different aspects. It is natural for humans to develop new ways of thinking, being, and feeling. At childhood, we might have show certain behaviors that we do not show in adolescence. Not only does our behavior change, but our physical appearance does too, along with our emotions. This paper will detail three changes that take place in each of the realms of cognitive, physical, and emotional growth from childhood to adolescence. Early Childhood First, physical development of a child occurs at a slower rate than infancy. Boyd and Bee (2009) write that every year a child ages, they grow about two to three in height and about six pounds in weight (p. 177). Both authors also define the motor skills that children gain during childhood. For example, a child at age two can climb on furniture whereas a 6 year-old can walk on a line. As children age, they gain more muscle, giving them the ability to move around easier. Another example is brain growth. This kind of development can be explained by looking at the corpus callosum. Boyd and Bee (2009) explain that this brain structure is what connects the right and...
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