...ARTICLE IN PRESS Behaviour Research and Therapy 46 (2008) 836– 844 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Behaviour Research and Therapy journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/brat Prevalence and correlates of hoarding behavior in a community-based sample Jack F. Samuels a,Ã, O. Joseph Bienvenu a, Marco A. Grados a, Bernadette Cullen a, Mark A. Riddle a, Kung-yee Liang b, William W. Eaton c, Gerald Nestadt a a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Meyer 109, Baltimore, MD 21287-7228, USA Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA c Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA b a r t i c l e in fo Article history: Received 14 February 2008 Received in revised form 7 April 2008 Accepted 8 April 2008 Keywords: Hoarding Prevalence Risk factors Personality disorders Comorbidity abstract Little is known about the prevalence and correlates of hoarding behavior in the community. We estimated the prevalence and evaluated correlates of hoarding in 742 participants in the Hopkins Epidemiology of Personality Disorder Study. The prevalence of hoarding was nearly 4% (5.3%, weighted) and was greater in older than younger age groups, greater in men than women, and inversely related to household income. Hoarding was associated with alcohol dependence;...
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...Staying Positive When I began to do research for this paper my first thought was, what exactly is resilience? Resilience is adapting to adversity. It is the ability to roll with the punches that come in life. When stress, adversity, or trauma attacks, a person will still experience anger, grief, and pain, but they are able to keep functioning. Everyone needs to be a little more resilient in life, having a more positive outlook on trials that frequently come each individual’s way. “The Blessings of Adversity” is a talk given by James E. Faust in February of 1998. Faust, at the time, was the second counselor in the First Presidency of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. The main audiences of this talk are members of The Church through out the entire world. In fact he directly mentions the followers through out his entire talk. Faust specifically talks about financial hardships that cause stress in many people’s lives. He states, “Many Saints throughout the world have a difficult time making ends meet” then making it apparent that many individuals who go through low times in their life rise to be very successful, but humble people. This was a significant time for this talk to be given because around 2002 to 2003 there was an economic recession that affected the United States. I personally feel like this talk was preparing many members...
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...Foster Care in the United States Sue King Liberty University Abstract The history of foster care in the United States started with orphan trains and the Children’s Aid Society founded by Charles Loring Brace. Recent research describes the child welfare system as an organization that provides service to helpless children in need. This paper will discuss foster care as it is relates to safety, permanency, and wellbeing of children in need The role of a foster parent and the process of loss, and grief after a child leave their biological parents will be discussed. Research suggests that Courts has the final decision whether a child will stay in foster care or return home. This paper will describe the developmental impact that foster care has on children after losing their biological family. There are several risk factors associated with poverty. This paper will discuss the significance of children reuniting with their biological parents and/or being adopted for permanency. Empirical evidence from recent research confirmed that hard times during childhood was related to health problems later in life. Foster care reform, educational outcomes, economic incentives for adoption, mentors and home visitation programs should be implemented to improve the foster care system. Keywords: foster care, developmental, health problems, orphan trains Foster Care in the United States The prevalence rate is high for foster care in the United States. The history...
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...conclusion. 3 RACE, GENDER, & LEADERSHIP Race, Gender, & Leadership: What Impact Does Race and Gender have on Leadership Advancement for Women and Women of Color? Depending on the definer, leadership has taken on a host of various definitions – with most depicting the use of power, authority, and influence to promote the actions of others for goal achievement (Yukl, 2009). Early on, while studies have been conducted on men and leadership, women – particularly women of color – were excluded completely from this research until the 1970’s and 1980’s (Chemers, 1997). It’s critical to address the current scarcity of leaders – given the complex challenges of the workplace and the upcoming demographic changes within the workforce once the Baby Boomers retire. Promoting more women to leadership positions can assist in closing this gap (Harris, Moran & Moran, 2004; Treverton & Bikson, 2003). While women are typically in lower level managerial positions, research, however has shown that women are more than capable...
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...meaning, chemicals in our body (charged sodium, potassium and chloride ions) moves in and out of these cells and establish an electrical current. On-going psychological research is therefore so critical to understating brain function to understand human behaviour and to obtain methods to help negative behaviour. Discuss why on-going psychological research is so critical to understanding brain functioning On – going psychological research is critical in the understating brain function because our brain controls our body temperature, blood pressure, heart rate and breathing. Our brain handles our physical movement when walking, talking, standing or sitting. The brain is so crucial because it controls all our senses (seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting and touching). It even lets us think, dream, reason and experience emotions. Psychological research is critical because they know that our body affect our behaviour, cognition, perception etc. Different moods and certain reactions that we do governed by certain neurotransmitters that depends on the brain so that it will be of use. They know that the brain is the command centre of our whole body so whatever its state or nature is very important to understanding behaviour and mental processes. Longstanding beliefs say that the adult brain is nest in its youth but research now suggest otherwise. The middle aged mind preserves many of its youthful skills and even developed some new strengths (Melissa Lee – Phillips, 2011). Contrary to...
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...Understanding Early Drug Use and Its Benefits on Future Drug Treatments Laura-Ryan Brooks Argosy University Abstract Drug abuse is a growing problem in the world today. Past studies have been conducted in efforts to recognize similar patterns in addicts’ lives that may have contributed to their behavior. The emerging results from this research suggested that it was due to several maltreatments occurring during the addicted individual’s adolescent years that were behind their early drug use. It is during the critical years of adolescence, when the brains of young adults are still developing, that the youth of today are most susceptible to a number of issues that can lead towards drug addiction, such as problems at home, abuse, and peer-pressure. Exploring these adversities will help shed some light on why adolescents make the decision to use drugs. This paper will address what influences drug use and how this knowledge can help treat addiction. Issues surrounding why addicts began drug use and how this information could be beneficial in treating substance abuse in the future will be explored. . Understanding Early Drug Use and Its Implications on Future Drug Abuse Treatment Addiction has been defined as a “misguided attempt at self-repair” (du Plessis, 2012 para. 53). But who is in danger of becoming addicted or may be feeling the need of some “self-repairing? During a 2013 testing of the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale (SURPS), a tool to assess certain...
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...Author’s Note This paper was prepared for COUN 505 taught by Dr. Tina Walsh Introduction Resilience is a complex construct with many definitions. Most frequently, resilience can be defined as one’s ability to “bounce back” from an adverse situation. It is “interactive and contextual” (Prince-Embury & Saklofske, 2013, pg.19). However, some believe resiliency is a personality trait. There is some aversion to the use of resiliency, however, as it gives the impression that some are better than others. Resilience is applicable to both adults and children. This paper will focus on the childhood aspect of resilience. Over the years, it has been a topic of interest among researchers as to how some children manage to overcome adversity and thrive, while others suffer psychological and physical distress. As a result, much of the early research carried out on resilience looked at “three sets of factors implicated in the development of resilience: (1) attributes of the children themselves, (2) aspects of their families, and (3) characteristics of their wider social environments” (Vanderbilt-Adriance & Shaw, 2008, pg. 31). Recently, research has shifted from identifying key characteristics of resilient children to understanding how these factors affect a child’s ability to handle adversity. Despite extensive research on the subject, there is still controversy over how to apply these findings for practical use. This can be contributed to the fact that past research used multiple tests...
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...Contents Introduction 3 Stages of Psychosocial Development 3 The First Two Years 3 The Play Years 4 Psychosocial Developmental Challenges 6 Possible Causes: Maltreatment 6 Possible Causes: Family Structure 7 Possible Causes: Environmental Adversity 8 Influencers of Child Psychosocial Development 9 Teachers 9 Gender Roles 10 Child’s Play 11 Conclusion 11 References 13 Introduction Psychosocial development looks at the emotional and social development processes. There are many theories when it comes to how psychosocial development occurs, including the two most well-known theories by Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson. For the purpose of this paper I will be focusing on Erikson’s psychoanalytic theory of development for children through the play years, or age six. In addition to theories of development I will take a look into developmental challenges and the factors that affect development and the possible effects they may have. I will do this by taking a look at applicable case studies presenting their findings. The possible causes of developmental challenges that I will focus on are maltreatment, family structure and environmental adversity. I will also look into the influencers of psychosocial development on children and the impact they have on a child’s psychosocial development, including care givers, gender roles, and child’s play. Stages of Psychosocial Development The First Two Years ...
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...Intellectual and emotional impoverished early years impair learning and social functioning over an individual’s entire life. Furthermore, influences such as distribution of economic and social resources result in the variation of health status in a community, among groups and individuals differently. This paper will further examine the critical factors affecting childhood development and the run-on issues that follow suit such as health deficits, juvenile delinquency, attachment issues and how community involvement and an increased sense of self-worth are potential protective factors for health. We then discuss how community immersion will increase standard of living and be a preventative and reconcile most health deficits that otherwise would...
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...we are born, we carry a huge cloud over our head. It stays with us our entire life until death, we all know it as socialization. Socialization is a term used by sociologist to refer to the lifelong process whereby people are made aware of the behavior that others expect of them as regards the norms, values, and culture of their society. In this paper I will talk about how my life has been affected due to socialization by my gender, race, religion and social class. I will also relate my personal experience to sociological research. As a child my life was very difficult. I was born to a young African American mother and a Trinidadian father in the heart of Brooklyn New York. My parents were only together for a short period of time before they separated due to my mother’s heavy drinking and drug use. I never experienced the traditional family that Cootzn (1997) spoke of. Even though my mother was part of my primary social group I didn’t learn many positive things from her. My mother wasn’t a bad person, but the circumstances of her environment turn her into a woman I strive my entire life not to be. Throughout my childhood, my mother tried to teach me her values for how a woman should behave. She would tell me that it’s a man’s job to take care of a woman, and all I needed to do was learn how to cook and clean. It was a concept that could never understand because every boyfriend, my mother had excluded my father never took care of her they would lie, steal, and cheat...
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...easier. Military deployment is a unique experience affecting both service members who make sacrifices for our country, and the loved ones who await their return. The potential for deployment is a constant reality. Today’s military deployments may occur in rapid succession and be extended. Therefore, military personnel and their families must always be deployment-ready. Deployments are not easy and can create significant stress for U.S. military men and women and their families. In many cases deployments cans create problems in families. It can contribute to marital problems, family dysfunction, and emotional or behavioral disturbance in spouses and children. The primary purpose of this research paper is to describe the effects of military deployments on a families and children. This paper will discuss the effects and they type of effects the military families and children are faced with. “Deployments in the United States have increased greatly in the past 10 years. Families and children are psychiatrically affected by these deployments and recent studies are clarifying these effects.” (James 2012, p.16) Deployments in military service entails the departing of men and women who leave their families and their homes with a group of other soldiers (Army, Air force, Marines, Navy) and go to another country for a period of 90 days to 15 months. During this time they earn what is called combat pay. This is given because of the danger they are placed in while in these other...
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...Natalie Garland Professor Marshik Second Paper Assignment November 25, 2014 The Ease of Life that Money Delivers The “comforts of home” go beyond serving just a person’s physical being, but provide comfort on a mental level as well. For artists, the state that occupies their mind is crucial to either succeeding, or failing with their craft. In George Orwell’s Keep The Aspidistra Flying, Gordon Comstock is a writer who firmly believes that the art of writing cannot be accomplished if an artist is fueled by the ‘money god.’ By embarking on a personal journey against the forces of capitalism evident in society, Gordon Comstock finds himself on the verge of complete poverty, with no improvement as an artist, then when he was a middle-class citizen. On the opposite end of things, is Stephen Gordon in The well of Loneliness, by Radclyffe Hall, who has grown up in a wealthy home her entire life, and has never had to sacrifice her work in order to work to support herself monetarily. Looking at these two artists, a reader is able to see that monetary wealth does play a significant role on an artist’s career, and can see between the two protagonists being scrutinized, that one must contain this wealth. Wealth is a privilege that opens many doors for a person, allowing for a predetermined path to success. This path is carved out not only by familial history and social standing, but also by the lack of adversity that an individual will have to face when trying to succeed as an...
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...Parenting in Today’s China: Concerns, Anxiety, and Commitment* Dr. Gan Wang, Associate Senior Research, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing Since the late 1990s, there has been a proliferation of parenting discussion forums (BBS) on the Internet in China. On the BBS, many young parents with higher education keep records of their children’s development, socialize with other parents, first in the virtual space, then in real space., communicate knowledge of childrearing and ECE, and discuss and debate over many issues in early childhood. In an earlier paper of mine, I claim that the Internet provides a new kind of social space in which the young mothers assert their new identity. Today, I’ll concentrate on one special debate issue. Examining the debate, I propose that to better understand challenges and concerns facing Chinese parents, a cultural historical approach should be adopted. Viewing parenting BBS, you often see great concerns and anxieties over the issue whether young children should “learn things”. To study or not to study, that is the question. There are some stories on the internet by ambitious parents who teach their children to recite dozens of Chinese classic poems at the age of 2, to recognize over a thousand Chinese characters and start to read at the age of 3, and play piano at the age of 4. Some of these parents keep record of their children’s progress in these studies and post on the Internet. Other parents might ask them in details and learn...
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...Dexter Mickens HCA500 Research Paper Introduction In the world today many of the medical issues that exist are met through the implementation of the Health Care System. This research paper will explore the topic of stuttering and its influence on individuals, and also how Health Care affects those with this speech disorder. “Stuttering is a communication disorder in which individuals have involuntary disruption to the fluency of their speech”. Research Problem/Statement The goal of this research paper is to gain insight as to both the causes and possible treatments for speech disorders like stuttering. Also to determine how other individuals who may speak other languages may be influenced by speech disorders. The research that will be conducted will also analyze the social side effects of stuttering like bullying and social anxiety. Literature Review The literature review that was conducted by utilizing the several databases and journal articles found through Kings College EBSO Host database along with other full text databases. Stuttering is a speech disorder that usually is noticed when an individual is still a child. Signs of stuttering in most individuals tend to disappear as the individual ages. Stuttering “occurs most often in children between the ages of 2 and 5… Most children outgrow stuttering. About 1 percent or less of adults stutters”. Stuttering usually develops while an individual is learning to develop their language skills, but can also develop through...
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...Analysis Paper 3: Adolescent Drug and Alcohol Belinda D. Hicks Liberty University Abstract This paper offers a perspective on adolescent alcohol and drug abuse by focusing on identifying common predictors of adolescent drug, and alcohol. Alcohol and other drug use among adolescents has been a public problem for decades. However, it seems that the problem is increasing more every year. Although, some adolescents make it through these years with, on balance, more positive experiences, but as the writer indicated more negative experiences of alcohol and drugs are on the rise. Substance abuse can lead to serious problems such as poor schoolwork, loss of friends, problems at home, and lasting legal problems. Alcohol and drug abuse is a leading cause of teen death or injury related to car crashes, suicides, violence, and drowning. Adolescences experience tragic consequences and others develop chronic problems of abuse and dependence. The broad developmental themes during adolescence and the transition to young adulthood, heavy drinking and drug use increases during the transition from junior high to high school and has to potential to extend to college. The majority of young people make it through. There will also be a discussion on how the family- peers and individual characteristics/variables are correlated with drug and alcohol abuse in adolescence. There will also be review connections between each system risk factor and...
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