...Glover Walden University There are dozens of developmental theories. There are theories that believe developmental a child learn behavior and other theories believe children are subjects of their environment. There is an age-old debate, dating back to the earliest Greek philosophers, of whether knowledge is innate-that is we are born with it-or whether it is learned through experience (Cohen, 2011). There is no proven scientific way to determine if nature or nurture controls a child’s behavior and how they develop. The developmental theories that I lean toward the most are as a Piaget’s cognitive stages of development, Freud’s psychosexual development, and Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development. Piaget’s cognitive stages of development suggest that at each stage of a person’s life they learn a new skill and as they process in age their skills progress. He has identified four major stages; sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. Sensorimotor occurs from birth to 2, at this stage the child is learning to use his or her hands, feet, and eyes. He or she learns to walk and crawl or use the bathroom. The next stage is preoperational occurs from 2-7, at this stage a child “engages in symbolic thought, but dominated by perception” (Perdue University , 2009). The third stage is concrete operational this occurs from ages 7 to 11. At this stage a child’s thoughts are more rational and logical. Children become less egocentric and better at conservation...
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...University of Phoenix Material Development Matrix Part I – Developmental Stages For each developmental domain, physical, cognitive, and social, identify two major changes or challenges associated with the following stages: childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. |Stage of Development |Physical Development |Cognitive Development |Social Development | |Childhood |Respiratory system begins to |Concrete and logical thinking |Children become more in control | | |function filling the lungs with |start to occur |rather than impulsive and are | | |air and putting oxygen into the | |aware of the consequences | | |blood. |Speaking | | | | |Comprehension and simple |Behavioral choices. | | |Growth starts to slow down and |thoughts |Primary relationship is with the| | |children acquire there permanent| |parents or caregiver. | | |set of teeth. | | | |Adolescence...
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...During the physical developmental stages there are significant milestones that these school age children experience. By the beginning of middle childhood, children typically have acquired a leaner, more athletic appearance ("Cliff Notes", 2000-2012). All through the middle childhood weight gain and height is at a steady increase. During this developmental stage an individual will lose his or her baby teeth and their permanent teeth will come through. Depending on the individual a child can begin the early stages of puberty during this time. Physical development (early adolescence) The physical development of a child in the early adolescence stages can be a drastic change for an individual. The hormones of the early adolescence are at a rapid growth and are better developed throughout the years. As the level of hormones increase this causes acne to form as well as his or her height and weight will increase. Emotional Development (middle childhood) As children develop in age each individual child will react to various situations differently. During the middle childhood stage an individual’s emotional development goes through some drastic changes. To give an example of the transitions that he or she will face is the start of school that will allow them to come into contact with new teachers and also the opportunity to build friendships with other children. During this stage a child will gain a sense of responsibility as well as the feeling of being more independent...
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...case scenario that has been provided is about 10 years old boy and the way how he influences his thinking towards loss and grief. This essay shows about the developmental factors of a 10 year old child toward death of a parent. The cognitive and psychosocial development factors are also clarified in the script below. Additionally, the developmental stage and response to loss has also been provided in accordance to the 10 years old boy. Cognitive development refers to how a person perceives, thinks, and gains understanding of his or her world through the interaction of genetic and learned factors. Among the areas of cognitive development are information processing, intelligence, reasoning, language development, and memory. French psychologist, Jean Piaget (1896-1980) built a theory with extensive observation of children, including his own, in their natural environments as opposed to the laboratory experiments of the other behaviourists that cognitive development occurs in a series of four distinct, universal stages, each characterized by increasingly sophisticated and abstract levels of thought. These stages always occur in the same order, and each builds on what was learned in the previous stage. They are sensorimotor stage (0-2), pre-operational stage (2-7), concrete operational stage (7-11), and formal operational stage...
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...Saint Leo University PSY325 Developmental Psychology Course Description: A survey of the major areas in human development with an equal emphasis placed on child, adolescent, and adult development. The course examines developmental changes over the entire life-span and the processes underlying these changes. All major areas are reviewed including biological, cognitive, language, personality, emotional, moral, social, and career development. This course is an upper level elective course in the major. It is a course that is highly desirable for students in Social Work, Education, Human Services, Pre-Med, and Pre-Nursing. The sub-discipline of Developmental Psychology also draws heavily upon almost every other field in psychology. Prerequisite: PSY121 Textbooks: Berk, L. E. (2014). Exploring lifespan development (3rd ed.). Boston: Pearson Education, Inc. ISBN-13: 978-0-205-95738-5 Course Objectives: Developmental Psychology is perhaps the most interdisciplinary field within psychology. It encompasses genetics, learning, physiological psychology, perception, cognitive psychology, intelligence, personality, gender issues, social influences, and psychological disorders. It uses a similar methodology as other fields but also utilizes some innovations specific to human development research. This course is a lifespan development course. That is, it will examine in detail how we develop physically, mentally, morally, and socially from the moment of conception through adulthood and old age...
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...Developmental theories in psychology are efforts to comprehend the stages of one's growth and development. We recognize the stages throughout a child's lifespan to adulthood and the effects of environmental and social influences. These theories name the sources of growth, language and learning skills. The big debate in psychology is are these emotions caused by nature or nurture. It is impossible to tell which one is right. However both play an important role in a person's lifespan influencing the person we grow to be. All developmental theories have good points and can be the base to research and forming educated analyzes. They help us to better understand child development and social growth. Piaget's cognitive stages of development proposes that during each stage of a persons life from adolescence to adulthood new skills are learned. As a person develops in age their skills and abilities also progress. Piaget's theory consist of fours major developmental stages. They are sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational and formal operational. The sensorimotor stage occurs from birth to the age of two. In this developmental stage children use simple motor activities such as looking, listening and touch understand and learn about their surrounding environment. The second stage preoperational stage ranges from ages 2 to 7. In this stage children mentally represent events and objects with figurative play. At this age children are unable to look at situations from other peoples...
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...will explain how heredity and the environment interact to produce individual differences in development. Lifespan development is the different stages a person goes through as they grow. Perspective of lifespan development recognizes the changes that happen in development. Freud and Piaget have very different theories of lifespan development. Freud’s theory is a foundation of id, ego, and superego, whereas Piaget’s is a cognitive development that transpires over a person’s lifetime. Nature and Nurture are more than perspectives in lifespan development they affect how and who a person will be. Lifespan development is the time from conception to death as a person develops and grows; the perspective in relationship to human development is lifelong, and theories of lifespan development can be seen in Freud, and Piaget, while the impacts of a person life is nature and nurture. A person’s lifespan starts as a fetus and as it develops and grows during the nine months in the womb being a individual whichever male or female will remain through stages in a his or her life. The study of human development is a science on a quest to understand how humans change over their lifetime (Berger, 2008). The modifications a person goes through they grow can be linear-gradual, predictable, steady, but typically they are none of these. The common stages are birth, infancy, adolescence, adulthood, old age, and the ending death. To describe lifespan development is also to reference that humans in their...
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...Developmental Research Nakiya Reese PSY 104 October 17, 2011 Professor Rebecca Wilson Most theories fall within a board perceptive with each one focusing on a different part of development. The developmental theories offer different ways of thinking about human, growth, development, and learning. Many researchers use theories as a guide them in their observation and to generate new information, the theories are the platform for all research (Mossler, R.A. 2011). Theorists have researched and tested many theories on child development that have been discovered. This paper will show how three developmental theories gave insight on the similarities and differences of the developmental theories of child development. While there are many theoretical perspectives that try to explain the development of children; the theories provide an overall understanding as well as allows educated hypotheses about the different aspects of child development. Behavioral theories within child development allows the focus to be placed on how environmental interactions influences behavior, and in turn how these behaviors are reinforced and learned. Behaviorism accepts that learning happens through interactions that children have with their environment. The theory points out the study of measureable, observable behavior and it also, includes the way the environment controls a child’s behavior. Theorist John B, Watson and B.F. Skinner, theories are based off their belief that, internal...
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...------------------------------------------------- Course Syllabus AAGI0MZ6M0 Child Development Course Start Date: 12/04/2012 Course End Date: 02/24/2013 Please print a copy of this syllabus for handy reference. Whenever there is a question about what assignments are due, please remember this syllabus is considered the ruling document. Copyright Copyright ©2009 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. University of Phoenix© is a registered trademark of Apollo Group, Inc. in the United States and/or other countries. Microsoft©, Windows©, and Windows NT© are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. All other company and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies. Use of these marks is not intended to imply endorsement, sponsorship, or affiliation. Edited in accordance with University of Phoenix© editorial standards and practices. Facilitator Information Stephanie Jacobs Holder swjacobs@email.phoenix.edu (University of Phoenix) Bailiquinc@aol.com (Personal) 602-738-2059 (MST) Facilitator Availability I am available from 9 a.m.-9 p.m. Central Time on most days, but I attempt to reserve Sunday for my family. During the week, I am online most of the time during that 9 a.m.-9 p.m. time frame. On Saturdays, I tend to be...
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... In today's society, divorce is on the rise. Children of divorced parents experience many issues. The impact affects all developmental stages of children. Emotional and behavioral problems can begin in the preschool stage of development. In the early latency stage, children tend to have fear and fantasize that their parents will get back together. In the late latency stage, children will label one parent good and one parent bad based on their own needs. In Adolescence, children become depressed and suicidal. Some will even question their future martial relationships. Overall divorce can affect a child’s life whether it is their academics, behaviors, sexuality, parent child relationships, economic status or psychological development. This paper will discuss how divorce can have life altering effects on a child. According to Peck and Manocherian (1988), divorce has become an endemic to the American society. Almost 50 percent of couples choose divorce. Berger (2008) states one out of every two marriages ends in divorce. Divorce is also more likely to occur within the first five years after marriage (Berger, 2008). By this time most couples have had children. Therefore the impact divorce has on children can affect many aspects of their life. When the initial impact of divorce takes place, the child sometimes feels like they are to blame (Fritz, 2002). Therefore the parents must reassure the children that is not the case. Children need a chance to understand and talk about the...
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...different stages of human development will be discussed there is Piaget's Stages of Development and Erikson's Stages of Development. First we will begin with Piaget's stages by starting with the Sensorimotor stage the typical age range is from birth to nearly 2 years. In this staged an individual are able to experience through their senses and actions (seeing, hearing, touching, and mouthing). One of their developmental phenomenon is object permanence. Object permanence is use to describe a child's ability to see an object and know that it exist although they can no longer see or hear it. This concept is important because it plays a role in the theory of cognitive development. This theory was created by Jean Piaget who suggested that children can understand the world we live in through their motor abilities. Next stage is preopertational and the typical age range is 2 years to about 6 or 7 years this stage is when children are able to represent things with words and images, using intuitive rather than logical reasoning. One of the developmental phenomenon is egocentrism this refers to their inability to see a situation from another point of view. Piaget felt that an egocentric child feels that everyone around them not only see what they do but feel and hear as well. Concrete operational is the stage when thinking logically, grasping concrete analogies and performing arithmetical operations. The typical age for this stage is about 7...
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...Lifespan Perspective Paper A person’s lifespan is from the moment of conception through death. Lifespan development is the different stages a person passes through as he or she develops. Perspective of lifespan development understands the changes that occur in development. Freud and Piaget have very different theories of lifespan development. Freud’s theory is a basis of id, ego, and superego, whereas Piaget’s is a cognitive development that occurs over a person’s lifetime. Nature and Nurture are more than perspectives in lifespan development they influence how and who a person will be. Lifespan development is the time from conception to death as a person develops and grows; the perspective in relationship to human development is lifelong, and theories of lifespan development can be seen in Freud, and Piaget, while the influences of a person life is nature and nurture. What is Lifespan Development A person’s lifespan begins as a fetus and as it develops and grows for nine months in the womb becoming a person either male or female will continue through stages in a his or her life. The study of human development is a science seeking to understand how humans change over their lifetime (Berger, 2008). The changes a person goes through as he or she grows can be linear-gradual, predictable, steady, but normally they are none of these. The common stages are birth, infancy, adolescence, adulthood, old age, and the ending death. To define lifespan development is also to mention that...
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...range of the life span from infant to the elderly. In order to best support service users it is important to be aware of developmental stages and trends in order to fit care and support for the people we work with accurately. Erikson states that if a person does not transition from one developmental stage to another effectively this can cause problems in later stages and create a sense of fixation. Children develop in different stages and in different ways. A method that has been used to explore these developmental milestones is observation. Observations involve watching a child for sometime in order to understand how he or she perceives and interacts with the world. attributes physically, cognitively and socially of two children, one male and one female, ages five and ten, respectively. This writer will identify the socio-economic status (SEC), age, gender, ethnic background, and family demographics of each of these children. The two children this writer has chosen come from similar living situations (i.e. they both live with single mothers), but have vast differences in their physical, cognitive, and social development. This paper will examine Erik Erikson's Eight Psychosocial Stages as explained by Dacey, Fiore, Travers (2009) in an effort to explain the noticeable differences in the two children that this writer has chosen to observe. These two children were chosen because they are both being raised in a single parent household, which is something that this writer can relate...
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...University of Phoenix Material Development Matrix Part I – Developmental Stages For each developmental domain, physical, cognitive, and social, identify two major changes or challenges associated with the following stages: childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. |Stage of Development |Physical Development |Cognitive Development |Social Development | |Childhood |Two major changes- Development of |Two major changes- Rapid development of|Two major changes-Growing awareness of | | |fine motor skills and rapid physical |speech and ability to organize thought |others outside their family circle and | | |growth. |processes. |learning how to interact with others their| | | | |own age. | | |Two major challenges- Proper |Two major challenges- Giving proper | | | |Nutrition and proper exercise. |stimulus and not pushing them to |Two major challenges-Giving enough | | | |develop faster than they are ready. |opportunity to interact with other | | | ...
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...Introduction: Learning is a consequence of experience. A few million years ago our ancestors were driven by survival to learn how to outlive the rest of the species by learning to adapt and develop the skills they need and pass on the knowledge to their successors. The learner is the most important component in the educative process and so he or she is the center in the educational system hence it is necessary for us to discuss his or her traits in order for us to devise ways to enhance his or her ability to assimilate learning. There are many factors that influence the learner’s learning and how we can become nurses that are effective educators. Objectives: By the end of the report, the students will be able to: • Describe the learner. • Enumerate the characteristics of a learner. • Identify the elements of the learner • Differentiate the Types of learners. Nature of the Learner The learner is an embodied spirit. He is the union of sentient body and a rational soul. His body experiences sensations and feels pleasure and pain. His soul is the principle of spiritual acts, the source of intellectual abstraction, self-reflection, and free rational volition. Body and soul exist in mutual dependence. (Kelly, 1965) The Learner n 1: someone (especially a child) who learns (as from a teacher) or takes up knowledge or beliefs [syn: scholar, assimilator] 2: works for an expert to learn a trade [syn: apprentice, prentice] Fundamental Equipment of the Learner ...
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