...that took place in 1967 in Naxalbari village of Darjeeling district. The local goons there attacked a tribal who had been given land, under the tenancy laws, by the court. In retaliation, the tribals attacked landlords and claimed the land. The West Bengal State Secretariat of the CPI (M) stated, “Behind the peasant unrest in Naxalbari lies a deep social malafide transfers, evictions and other anti-people actions of tea gardeners and jotedars.” India is a free country but its people are yet to acquire freedom from hunger and deprivation and that the rich class of Zamindars, traders, industrialists, etc. control the means of production. Very often, the Adivasis, the Dalits and the underprivileged poor, who work as landless labourers for penny are exploited by the filthy rich landlords and are paid frequently below the mandated minimum wage rate. These people are often left untouched by India’s development and bypassed by the electoral process. The tribals were alienated from their very own land and this turned out to be a major issue of economic welfare. It was evident in the Srikakulam Naxal movement. By the time of uprising only 1/3rd of the tribals owned the land. Alienation was not only because of the money lender’s trap but also because the government restricted the access...
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...This article was downloaded by: [Edith Cowan University] On: 31 March 2015, At: 12:08 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Development in Practice Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cdip20 Globalisation Shalmali Guttal a a Focus on the Global South, CUSRI , Chulalongkorn University , Wisit Prachuabmoh Building, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand E-mail: Published online: 18 Nov 2010. To cite this article: Shalmali Guttal (2007) Globalisation, Development in Practice, 17:4-5, 523-531, DOI: 10.1080/09614520701469492 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09614520701469492 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions...
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...the Rise of the BRICs DEREK THOMPSON AND MAX FISHER Learning from the successes and stumbles of the world's great rising economies In 2001, Jim O'Neill, the chairman of Goldman Sachs asset management, famously predicted the four fastest-growing emerging markets for the decade. We know that foursome by the acronym BRIC: Brazil, Russia, India, and China. That the economic world remembers his prediction owes as much to the handiness of the acronym as it does to the accuracy of his forecast. China, India, and Brazil are among the most dynamic and exciting emerging powers in the world. Indeed, to call them "emerging" feels like a slight. India is the world's largest county, China the world's largest manufacturer, and Brazil the Western Hemisphere's most vibrant expanding consumer economy. (Russia, the runt of the group, is beset by awful demographics and a weak private sector outside of its natural resources). As investors and economic analysts cast about for the next batch of high-growth markets, let's pause to recall the lessons from the BRICs: (1) Work on the middle-income transition plan; (2) Trade, trade, trade; (3) state capitalism can work; (4) corruption kills; (5) strong civil society matters. (1) THE RISE OF THE MIDDLE CLASS Perhaps the broadest lesson from the emergence of the BRICs is that no rise is complete without the triumph of the middle class. The record across these four countries is exceptional, but there is still considerable room for growth. In Brazil...
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...MBA GD Topics • Is India moving away from a secularist state? • Education in India - or the lack of it • What ails Indian sports? • The Age of Information • Is Philosophy just an armchair theory? • Success is all about human relations • Borderless worlds - Dream or reality? • Quality is a myth in India. • Education and success - Is there a correlation? • We don't learn from history, we repeat it • Do we need a global policeman • Indian villages - our strength or our weakness? • Agrarian Economy in India - boon or bane • if there were no armies in the world...... • Indian customs - are we in a time warp? • "How green was my valley........". Is nature paying the price ? • Management Education - Is it necessary to succeed in business • The role of NGOs in economics and politics • NGOs - Do they serve peoples interests or are they pressure groups? • Death of Socialism • Role of women in development • Kids today are not what they used to be • Casteless India - A pipe dream • Should Trade Unionism be banned in India • Repeated elections - Should taxpayers pay for it? • Indian bureaucracy - foundation strengths or colonial hangovers? • In India, the whole is less than the parts - Do we lack in team spirit? • Generation X - Drivers of our future or are they our lost souls? • Do we need a cut in the defence budget? • "Dot.com" companies...
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...al The cultural, political and legal environment of international business Abstract A study of the elements of a domestic market and those of an international market may reveal many crucial differences, especially political, legal and cultural differences. For example, the "rules of the game” of business in the international market are diverse, changeable and often unclear. The international firm may have to content with different legal and ethical standards in different host countries. In this paper the parameters of the political, legal, and the cultural environment of international business will be considered, The paper also relates how political, legal, and cultural incidents or situations may become roadblocks to the smooth operation of business ventures in foreign countries. Misunderstandings and breakdown in communication often arise from differences in perception by executives who are not from the same cultural, legal and political background. International investors need to know what elements in a foreign culture have the greatest influence over consumption patterns in general and particularly the consumption behaviour to their specific product. By reflecting on the language, religion, demography, climate, values and beliefs, education, labour, roles of women, family, ethnic groups and other similar elements, the international business person will be able to, not only participate in the international economy with a better perception of the situation, but also be able...
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...of sociology at the University of Oregon collaborating with Robert W. McChesney. The article came originally from the introduction of the book called The Endless Crisis: How Monopoly-Finance Capital Produces Stagnation and Upheaval from the United States to China. The Great Financial Crisis and the Great Recession began in the United States in 2007 and quickly spread across the globe, which appear to be the turning point of the world history. The recovery plan was set to two year, however the world economy five years after crisis is still in the sluggishness. The Traid – United States, Europe, and Japan remain caught in a slow growth condition, financial instability, and high unemployment rate. As a consequence, the effects spread globally. Despite the slowdown of the global economy, China is the only country found out to be a bright spot as its economy is still expanding. Different views on the Stagnation In the United States, the focus of financial crisis shifted to the idea of economic stagnation. The idea of stagnation was introduced by authorities and published books as follow. Firstly, Ben Bernanke, chairman of Federal Reserve Board said on his speech in 2011 that the stagnation was not affects only the United States, but the global economy as a whole. He moreover stressed that he do not expect the long-run potential growth of the U.S. to be affected by the recession and crisis if the U.S. takes necessary steps to secure the outcome. Nonetheless his thought might...
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...The development of urban motorization in big cities has caused some negative effects to their population. Social issues and ecological issues are the main problems that occur in those cities. There are some reasons that lead to the motorization era in the cities. One of them is urban sprawl. Urban sprawl is the enlargement of city’s development that spread far away from the centre to the outskirt of that city. Urban sprawl is the result of the increasing urbanization. Although urban sprawl is the main aspect that can develop capitalism, it still has some negative impacts on the city. Motorization as one of the impacts of urban sprawl relates very closely to the transportation system. Motorization happens when people mostly use cars for traveling in the city and it relates closely with the development of an automobile industry in that city. The rise of the automobile industry supports the spread of urban sprawl even more. People can travel longer distances in shorter time. That is why the growth of the automobile industry is related to urban sprawl. There are some solutions to determine the urban sprawl issues called ecological modernization. According to AEP 9 lecture one, ecological modernization is a scientific research to find the answer to how the world can be sustain economically and socially at the same time without damaging the environment. Some business groups are trying to find a solution for the urban sprawl issues based on ecological modernization. According to...
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...China and its Reactions to Globalization Xuewu Gu The accession of China to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in November 2001 marked one of the most important steps of the Chinese government towards deepening the integration of the Chinese economy into the world economy and therewith going more deeply into the globalization. This development, however, does not mean that the issue of globalization is not controversial in China. Indeed, the fifteen years since 1986 in which China actually underwent a tremendous negotiation process with the WTO, as well as with its members, have been accompanied by an intense domestic debate about the sense and the meaning of globalization. Even through today, the Chinese membership in the WTO is certainly not inevitable; the globalization debate in China continues, reflecting the fact that the Chinese feel strongly challenged by globalization and are trying to search for ways to deal effectively with it. This paper regards it as its main task to examine systematically the Chinese reactions to globalization. To achieve this goal, the analysis will focus on three questions. Firstly, it will find out the general understanding of globalization by the Chinese elite. The term “general understanding” means in this sense the understanding which most Chinese scholars and politicians seem to share regardless of whether he or she is “pro-globalization” or “anti-globalization”. Secondly, it will try to identify the main strains of the Chinese debate on globalization...
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...Throughout the past 60 years the European Union has established itself as a leader in dismantling national level economic and cultural barriers in return for a meso-scale regional framework which has gone on to become a key feature of globalization. In wake of the atrocities committed during World War II, Europe sought to establish a community of peace, stability, and prosperity with the common interest of humanity (De Vasconcelos, 2005). This unification has been achieved through the liberalization of four essential freedoms of movement: goods, service, capital, and labour (Molchanov, 2007). Even reconciliation between former enemies, such as France and Germany, came from the understanding that new world order has dampened the ability of nations to solve their problems on their own. Integration at a regional level can be thought of as integral part of globalization as it has become Europe’s primary defense amidst rising global competition (Murray, 2011). In fact, Peter Schmitt-Egner identified the process undertaken by the EU as transnational regionalism, as it seeks to 1: Utilize European integration as arena for transnational learning to foster internal regional development and; 2: Enhance regional competence to create a ‘Europe of Regions of Citizens’ (Schmitt-Egner, 2002). For Europe, regional integration has presented itself as a window of opportunity that allows for: “outward looking trade policy, internal competitiveness and involvement in cross-border agreements” (Downs...
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...Indian Political and Economic History Stages of British Rule 1. What are the characteristics of the “First Stage “ of colonial rule in India? 2. How did East India gain by capturing political power in India? 3. Describe about early settlement Acts? 4. If one carefully studies the period of Indian history between 1757 and 1940 one finds clearly identifiable stages of British colonization each with its specific and distinguishable characteristics. Can you identify the main features of each stage with corresponding impacts on the Indian economy? 5. “The emergence of Industrial Britain resulted in De-industrialization and commercialization of Indian Agriculture in the early part of Nineteenth century”. Do you agree? Explain your conclusions. 6. Discuss the impact of the military and industrial revolutions upon India up to 1858. Which of these would you regard as more important? Industrial Revolution 1. The industrial revolution in the UK changed the nature of British interest in India. Comment. 2. How was the Indian economy affected by the change? 3. What role did opium play in that regard? 4. Would you attribute the origins of the industrial revolution to the inventive genius of the English people? Provide reasons for your answer. 5. Analyze the cause and conditions of the emergence of the factory system of production in Western Europe. What are the chief characteristics? Indian Business 1. Explain the difference in the process of industrialization of jute and...
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...taught by frequent recollection to recur habitually to the mind. —Samuel Johnson, Rambler No. 175 (November 19, 1751) The basic outline of world economic history is surprisingly simple. Indeed it can be summarized in one diagram: figure 1.1. Before 1800 income per person—the food, clothing, heat, light, and housing available per head—varied across societies and epochs. But there was no upward trend. A simple but powerful mechanism explained in this book, the Malthusian Trap, ensured that short term gains in income through technological advances were inevitably lost through population growth. Thus the average person in the world of 1800 was no better off than the average person of 100,000 BC. Indeed in 1800 the bulk of the world population was poorer than their remote ancestors. The lucky denizens of wealthy societies such as eighteenth-century England or the Netherlands managed a material lifestyle equivalent to that of the Stone Age. But the vast swath of humanity in East and South Asia, particularly in China and Japan, eked out a living under conditions probably significantly poorer than those of cavemen. The quality of life also failed to improve on any other observable dimension. Life expectancy was no higher in 1800 than for hunter-gatherers: thirty to thirty-five years. Stature, a measure both of the quality of diet and of children’s exposure to disease, was higher in the Stone Age than in 1800. And while foragers Figure 1.1 World Economic History in One Picture. After...
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...In 1990, Pat Robertson stated that, "The feminist agenda is not about equal rights for women. It is about a socialist, anti-family political movement that encourages women to leave their husbands, kill their children, practice witchcraft, destroy capitalism, and become lesbians." Twenty-four years later, these misconceptions about the movement still circulate around, creating an image problem for feminists. For most people, they fail to understand the comprehensive definition of feminism and refuse to accept the radical notion that women deserve equal rights. As Marcie Bianco from Identities.Mic said, "Feminism is legal equality for all genders. This newest wave of feminism is one that acknowledges a plethora of genders, both cisgender and transgender, within the two sexes. It also recognizes that equality is an idea that can only manifest in a legal realm." We've said this before, but it's worth saying it again: Feminism advocates for and empowers women, and, yes, also men.” The myths are perpetuated to warn women away from falling into the feminism “trap” but most of these are faulty logic that remains a constant lie. . Feminists do not hold hatred for men, believe women are...
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...become resistant to antibiotics, the economic maladies that caused the Great Depression were making a comeback. In the years that followed, as Wall Street boomed and financial wheeler-dealers made vast profits, the international crises of the 1990s faded from memory. But now depression economics has come to America. When the great housing bubble of the mid-2000s burst, the U.S. financial system proved as vulnerable as those of developing countries caught up in earlier crises—and a replay of the 1930s seems all too possible. In this new, greatly updated edition of The Return of Depression Economics, Krugman shows how the failure of regulation to keep pace with an increasingly out-of-control financial system set the United States and the world up for the greatest financial crisis since the 1930s. He also lays out the steps that must be taken to contain the crisis and turn around a world economy sliding into a deep recession. Brilliantly crafted in Krugman's trademark style—lucid, lively, and supremely informed—this new edition of The Return of Depression Economics will become an instant cornerstone of the debate over how to respond to the crisis. ». PAUL KRUGMAN is the recipient of the 2008 Nobel Prize in Economics....
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...American Fur Company John Jacob Astor, founder of the American Fur Company, was the creator of the first trust or monopoly, and he was the first multi-millionaire in the United States. His fortune came primarily from the fur trade. Born on July 17, 1763 in Waldorf, Germany, his cleverness, guile, and business suave shaped the early American frontier. Arriving in New York in 1783, he soon began to buy furs from trappers and Indians, establishing a fur goods shop in New York. In 1794, the Jay Treaty between Great Britain and the United States opened new markets in Canada and the Great Lakes region. Astor affected three major sections of the nation: Business, Society, and Government. With regard to businesses, he mastered the fur trade industry to near perfection with his use of predatory pricing, market manipulation, and trade routes to increase his supply and expansion into new markets. Within society, Americans from the past to present can credit John Jacob Astor and the American Fur Company to many benefits and consequences felt within society. Those who understand the full impact of American Fur Company will agree that Astor’s greed and blatant exploitation of people and resources came at such a high cost to some parts of society that it may have outweighed any good. Lastly, government, which was supposed to protect society, began to realize that they would have to intervene with the private sector in order to ensure human rights. It was through Astor’s actions...
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...Yinzhi Miao Oversea Listing and State-Owned-Enterprise Governance in China: the Role of the State LL.M. Long Paper Harvard Law School Supervised by Prof. Reinier Kraakman and Mark Roe April 2012 Oversea Listing and State-Owned-Enterprise Governance in China: the Role of the State Yinzhi Miao Abstract: There are both considerate horizontal and vertical governance problems in the Chinese state-owned-enterprises (SOEs). Due to their privileged positions in the political economy, traditional institutions of corporate governance are far from perfect. Thus the value of oversea listing as a governance mechanism is highlighted, and that could be better revealed by a deeper analysis of the benefit-and-cost balance by the government which controls the SOEs. However, effective as it is, oversea listing could not be a marvelous antidote to all governance ills. Further, as the two major governance disasters of oversea listed SOEs shows, if the government lacks a proper self-positioning, nontrivial negative implications will be brought to SOEs governance via oversea listing. The ultimate function of corporate governance in SOEs thus relies heavily on public governance. Key words: state-owned-enterprises, oversea listing, corporate China governance, 2 Table of contents I. Introduction ....................................................................................................................4 II. The Governance problems of Chinese SOEs and the limitations of...
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