...Luo Zhaouhui, the Chinese Ambassador to Canada, interesting explains on The Globe and Mail (2015) that, “Developing China-Canada relations is like sailing against currents. You either advance or recede.” Diplomatic ties between China and Canada have been established for 45 years and counting. Strategic partnerships between the two countries have held strong for over 10 years (Zhaouhui, 2015). The strong ties between the two countries are reflected through current statistics. As of 2014, about 100,000 Chinese students attend educational institutions in Canada. Chinese is considered the third most spoken language in Canada with over 1.3 million Chinese-Canadian residents (“Bilateral Relations”, 2015). 2. The standard practices and business etiquette in China Labelling and stereotyping can be very detrimental in cross-cultural situations; special care must be taken to ensure the team avoids that habit. The strongest armour against generalizations would be to educate our VCC negotiating team about standard Chinese practices in business and the negotiation process. The Chinese business culture places significant value on building relationships and getting to know the team individually. Personal connections would lead to friendships and friendships would lead to open trust and harmony – values emphasized in Chinese businesses. As a team, we need to recognize that in order to be successful in negotiating we must first build an honorary friendship with the Chinese (Yin, 2008). In China...
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...conservative dresses with flat shoes. The Chinese businessman will introduce himself whom my boss will respond to with “Hello, we are pleased to meet you” and begin to formally introduce herself as Manager Johnson and myself as Mrs. Fowler. I will not attempt to introduce myself as it would be considered rude. We will wait for him to initiate a handshake at which time my boss will first shake his hand gently and then myself. How do you exchange business cards? Following the introduction it is expected exchange of business cards. It is important to have business cards that are printed on sides; one in English, the other in Chinese. These should include: Company Name, Personal name, title, fax and email. They should be clean, neat and printed in gold lettering. The exchange will occur one at a time standing up and holding the card on the corners with both hands with the Chinese side up. You will hand your card carefully showing him respect, you will show the same respect when accepting his card. Once I receive the card I will need to study it prior putting it on the table, showing interest by reading the details; if I had collected more than one business card, I would line them up in vertically in order of seniority going down on the table (NBC Universal, Inc, 2008). The culture coach informs me that they should never go into a pocket, get written on and that showing up without business cards could possibly cause irreparable damage to the business relationship. How do you explain...
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...CULTURAL SELF-PORTRAIT AND REFLECTION By Manuel Chong Filipino-Chinese. That is what I am. The term “Filipino-Chinese” simply refers to a Chinese descent born and bred in the Philippines. Being a third generation Chinese in the Philippines, I did not grow up in a culture that is purely Chinese nor is it purely Filipino. The older generation of Filipino-Chinese is trying their best to pass on to the younger ones the traditional Chinese teachings which they acquired and learned from their ancestors. They wanted to preserve every detail of Chinese tradition for the younger ones. However, this appears to be a difficult task as time passes as my generation and the coming generations are more liberal and open to Filipino, Western and other cultures. This is the reason why the older generation frowns upon and show less favorable inclination to the younger generation’s present lifestyle. It is very undesirable for them that our generation of Filipino-Chinese yield towards integration. I, on the other hand, am more integrated into the mainstream of Philippine society. I’m able to better articulate the local language, attitudes and conformities. Although my parents put me in a Chinese school, as most parents do, in order for me to learn the Chinese Mandarin language, however, the mindset at that time was that the language is of no use in my country of birth. Who would have known that, after 20 years, the Chinese language became important, in an economic sense. As a result of...
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...China has more than 4000 year’s history, and this long history has made China a unique culture that deeply impacts on China today. According to Brand China and “Harmonious and Integrated Culture” and the Building and Communication of China’s National Image, the authors both claim that Chinese traditional culture has shaped China’s national image. On the other hand, based on Neo-Confucianism and Chinese Business Culture, Chinese traditional culture also has impacted on Chinese business culture. Generally, Chinese traditional culture has impacted on current Chinese business practices, such as guanxi, face saving and so on. Moreover, as a result of influencing by Chinese traditional culture, negotiating process in China and related behaviors must be different from that of the rest of the world. Hence, knowing more about these special knowledge of negotiating in China would help people easier do business in China. As a Chinese student, those business practices that are influenced by Chinese traditional culture are very familiar for me. For face saving, it is exactly the same as the film The Interview by Sony shows that a few Chinese local governments might build a fake everyday-low-price grocery store which looks even better than Wholefoods to make higher level government officer think that the local people are very happy. On the other hand, during my daily life when I was in China, everyone are working on obtaining more guanxi. Guanxi seems like network in American, but it is more...
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...inherently born with the understanding of the kinds of values they should uphold. Instead, values are passed down and inculcated from one generation to another through intricate agents such as experiences, interaction, friends, families and cultural norms. Needless to say, different cultural groups espouse different values. Studies on culture have shown a saliency of difference in both Asian and western values (Schwartz, 1994). Due to the nature and diversity of their beliefs and practices, Asian and western cultures have been largely distinguished as being collectivistic and individualistic respectively (Victor, 1992; Wagner & Moch, 1986). In the case of an individualistic culture, an individualist would consider his or her own personal interest and goals more important than the group’s interest (Victor, 1992; Earley 1989; Wagner & Moch, 1986). On the other hand, a collectivistic culture would value membership in a group, show stronger loyalty to their social groups and place their own interests before the groups’ interest (Victor, 1992; Wagner & Moch, 1986). Collectivistic Singapore Schwartz (1994:111) described Chinese in Singapore as “closest to the pure Hofstede conception of collectivism, high in conservatism and hierarchy, and low in autonomy and mastery”. In addition, in a survey conducted by Hofstede (1997), Singapore was ranked extremely low in individualism – 39th place out of 41 countries. This...
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... Ang Lee’s film works, not only in the business, but in artistic level won the world audience recognition. He grew up in a traditional Chinese family and study in the United States. The differences between eastern and western culture took a sharp collision in his heart, and it revealed without hiding in his movie and finally become his own unique aesthetic features. This article try to read Lee’s creative thought and artistic style through analysis and research of Lee’s special culture background master’s creative ideas, and learn more about the human temperament of the director which is full glory of human nature. First, this article will introduce about Ang Lee’s growing environment and studying experiences, in order to analysis the formation of his Chinese and Western characteristics. Secondly, through multiple films, the article would analysis of the impact of the East-West cultural collision and merger. Furthermore, a comprehensive interpretation of Ang’s unique film elements and the traits would be expounded. Abstract Ang Lee, Taiwan filmmaker, however, doesn’t have the same characteristics with other Taiwan film makers. He is like a movie ranger, with no specific cultural identity, however, simultaneously, it could be find a certain kind of familiar cultural identity on him, especially in his films. His film always combines the collision of Chinese and Western cultures, but always gives a calm and objective impression, as the story...
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...commercial data as a way to eventually thrive in its atmosphere. Reporters’ and experts from all over the globe are either persistently composing eager predictions or partaking in discussions about what China will do in the future. According to the Central Intelligence Agency, data shows that, following its entry into the World trade Organization, China offers a huge potential market for investment and sales with its main industry generated from iron, steel, coal, textiles, and petroleum. As for us, we are a part of Higher Global; we make investments that include branching out into other countries to do business…… this means China is a part of our future; and we must attempt to explore its nation and business etiquette further. While considering, we will keep in mind the question: How should we carry out measures to explore its culture, forms of communication, and cultural business norms to make this expansion prosper? The problem is that we need YOU. It is a big deal if we do not...
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...Dining In a person’s home In a restaurant Business Bargaining Saving Face Gifting Meanings Taboos SGT Robert, Wade H. SFC Franklin, Jeremy ALC 728-12 15 September 2012 Making Friends in China As with any culture to be successful in China socially, one needs to understand the manners and etiquettes that the culture follows. Many cultures have changed greatly over the centuries, but China’s remains very similar to its roots around the family and authoritarian. Unlike western cultures, much of the Chinese etiquette continues to be very rigid. Understanding and putting into practice the manners and etiquettes of Chinese culture will help a person to create new friendships, rather than enemies, and be accepted by more people within the country. These manners and etiquettes cover behavior in public, dining, conducting business, and even gift giving. In public Chinese people are very formal in their behaviors. Public displays of affection such as kissing, hugging, making eye contact, or hand holding are strongly discouraged; however, hand holding amongst friends of the same sex commonly occurs. Personal space is given very little concern within China, especially during national celebrations when most people go out, and the streets become very crowded from the largest cities to the smallest rural villages. People meeting will often shake hand and/or bow to each other, regardless of their acquaintance level. A Chinese person will typically avoid making eye contact...
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...Loss of Face Among Chinese Businesspeople in Intracultural and Intercultural Business Interactions Peter W. Cardon and James Calvert Scott Abstract Problem: No systematic research has been conducted about loss of face in Chinese business culture. General research questions: What causes Chinese businesspeople to lose face when conducting business intraculturally and interculturally? Setting: People’s Republic of China. Participants: 34 Chinese businesspeople from Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. Methods: Structured open-ended interviews. Main findings: In intracultural business the major causes of loss of face were public criticism and rejection, with mild responses to loss of face except when subordinates caused superiors to lose face and sometimes when a peer caused another peer to lose face. In intercultural business the major causes of loss of face were foreigners’ arrogance, politics and international events, and foreigners’ criticism, with most responses to loss of face being minor. Recommendations: Recommendations are provided for businesspeople operating in the Chinese environment and for researchers conducting investigations about face in Chinese business culture. IS RESEARCH ABOUT LOSS OF FACE among Chinese businesspeople relevant for American business educators? “International business is an area of the business education curriculum that commands center stage in today’s global economy,” reported the National Business Education Association in...
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...Part 1 China is a collectivist culture as a whole, meaning that they put group – family, school, work, or country – needs and goals ahead of their own. In general this translates into acting with decorum at all times and even subjugating their own feelings and opinions for the good of the group. In American culture, silence is frequently interpreted as agreement, however, in the Chinese culture an individual will remain silent rather than offer a dissenting opinion so as to make sure both parties save face. Face is an essential component of Chinese culture as the concept translates to honor, respect and good reputation. In order to successfully conduct business in China it is essential that the representative never lose face themselves nor cause the loss of face in others. The primary code of behavior and ethics in China is based on Confucianism, stressing duty, sincerity, loyalty, honor, piety and respect for age and seniority. “Through maintaining harmonious relations as individuals, society itself becomes stable (Kwintesssential, 2013).” Non-verbal communication is as important as verbal and provides even more pitfalls. In China a frown is interpreted as disagreement which can cause one party to lose face. Facial expressions, tone of voice and even posture are all examined to try to determine what someone feels. In America, eye contact is considered a sign that you are paying attention and care about what the person is saying. In China it is considered rude and...
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...Nowadays, China, the emerging market in Asia, contains huge business opportunities. At the same time, because of the different culture and history, the characteristics of Chinese society including its source of power, social order, and solidarity, is actually very different from the West. The big difference is that China is a relationship-oriented society. For this reason, how can Westerner adapt the ways of doing business in China? Here are three recommendations for the entrepreneurs that want to enter the Chinese market. Learn The Crucial Concept of "Face" The meaning of “face” in China covers much more aspects than the Western countries. Face is related to dignity, respect, and also to a person's social status, therefore face is more important for someone who is in higher position. Declining to attend social or business occasions with an unconvincing excuse, rejecting the gift directly, making emotional expression out of control or even showed too maverick yourself, might cause people lose face (Zhang). For instance, Chinese people sometimes think that the businessman of the Western countries “struts his stuff” purposely. In China, if someone in a middle or low position proposes new ideas in front of the entire person during the meeting, that action may be regarded as a display of their learning. This also may lead to jealousy and loss of face your boss. The loss of face would cause the reduction of your social resources which can use to cultivate and establish you social...
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...International Journal of Business and Social Science Vol. 3 No. 11; June 2012 Cross-Cultural Values Comparison between Chinese and Sub-Saharan Africans Jean Pierre MIAHOUAKANA MATONDO PhD Student in Business Administration Glorious Sun School of Business and Management, Donghua University 1882, Yan’an Road, Shanghai China Abstract With a Sino-African trade growing at 40% a year and a steadily growing economy above 5% in Africa are challenging Chinese companies and individual Chinese businessmen to reassess broad stereotypes and globalization strategies in this continent. This paper reviews a comparative analysis of fundamental values and interpersonal relations between Chinese and Sub-Saharan Africans, and also their impact on the intercultural activities. It outlines differences and synergies amongst African and Chinese cultures. The study aims to introduce some important recommendations and factors, which may have an essential impact on Chinese companies operating in Sub-Saharan Africa. It provides in addition empirical insights of a set of values that may influence Chinese and Sub-Saharan Africans’ behaviours. New suggestions related to cross-cultural activities are reported to implement adequate human resource management policies within these companies. The paper includes implications for the development of new cross-cultural strategies and restructuration of the human resource policies. Keywords: Cross-cultural Values; Identity; Cross-Cultural Management;...
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...International Marketing Marketing Wine in the Chinese Market Executive Summary China’s demand for Western wine has rapidly increased. This has created a market opportunity for high end, quality wine companies from Australia to export their products to China. The product that will be focused on is Glandore Wine from the Hunter Valley. The report will focus on exporting this product into the Chinese market. There should be a strong focus on building brand reputation and maintaining long-term business relationships. There are multiple entry types into foreign markets yet Chinese regulations limit the mode of entry. The recommended mode of entry for Glandore wines is a Joint Venture. The decision between product standardisation and customisation is an important aspect of strategic decision-making. It is recommended that Glandore does not customise their core product of wine, however it is recommended that other product attributes are customised to appeal to the Chinese market. When promoting Glandore wine in the Chinese market there should be use of advertising, public relations, sales promotion and personal selling. Table of Contents Executive Summary ……………………………..…. 2 1. Introduction ………………………………………………... 4 2. 2.1 Market Entry………………………………………………4 2.2 Recommendations ………………………………………5 3. 3.1 Product Standardisation and Customisation ……..…..7 3.2 Recommendations…………………………………….….7 4. Promotion in China 4.1 Push Strategies………………………………………...
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...Legal and Cultural environment that affect our marketing plan and product When we doing export business, we have to understand the regulation that apply to specific product, and also more general rules about the products. Failure to catch up those information could cause delay and lost when we doing export business. China have freedom in undertaking all the import and export activities including international trade, with the exception of those forbidden by state laws and regulations. And China is a big market for us to expanding, our target segment is wide, so China gonna be good choice to do the export business. Legislation for importing food Food which is intended for human consumption must meet the general food safety requirements of law. Under the regulation these requirements are that food must not be unsafe, i.e.: Injurious to health Unfit for human consumption Apart from the general provisions of regulation, the specific legislation applying to imported food will depend on whether the food is of animal origin or not: Food containing animal products includes meat, meat pies, salami, poultry, fish, eggs, milk, dairy products, and honey. Food that has no animal content includes fruit, vegetables, cereals, certain bakery products, herbs, and spices, mineral water, and fruit juices. Some of the import and export procedures are open to choice. Whether these procedures are necessary is solely decided by the kinds of import and export and the category of the import and export...
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...Family culture and strongman Control in Huawei Being ranked No. 1 of “most influential Chinese business leaders” by Fortune China in three consecutive years from 2011 to 2013, Zhengfei Ren, the founder, controlling shareholder and CEO of Huawei is almost regarded as hero of the company.1 He has been the man who is influencing and inspiring the whole company since it was founded in 1987. Now, Huawei is a global leading company in ICT (information and communication technology) solution with revenue in 2012 more than 35 billion dollars.2 The magic rise of Huawei is largely attributed to the family based strongman culture with strong executive force from the top and ability to make long-term planning, but, as far as I can see, will hardly ensure future success. The inner network of relations called “organizational enthusiasm” plays an important role in Huawei’s internal management. Ren, is the one who “set fire” in the company. After serving in the PLA (Chinese Liberation Army) for several years, Ren created the Huawei Empire almost from nothing in his forties. He is described as extremely optimistic and strong. 3 As a small team with few resources, Ren’s enthusiasm and strong entrepreneurship is what kept people around him, working with him to their best. Rather than relationship between boss and staff, this, original from Chinese guanxi culture, this organizational enthusiasm is more like personal loyalty, trust and affection. Stronger than pure staff loyalty, this relationship...
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