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Chinese Literature

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1. 徐志摩、鄭愁予生平 2. 〈偶然〉、〈錯誤〉內容概述 3. 〈偶然〉、〈錯誤〉的藝術特點(如意象、聲律、結構、用字等) 4. 〈偶然〉、〈錯誤〉對傳統詩歌的繼承與開拓

http://baike.baidu.com/view/14176.htm
人物背景:
1921年開始創作新詩。赴英國留學,入倫敦劍橋大學當特別生,研究政治經濟學。在劍橋兩年受西方教育的熏陶及歐美浪漫主義和唯美派詩人的影響。

徐志摩是徐家的長孫獨子,自小過著舒適優裕的公子哥的生活。沈鈞儒是徐志摩的表叔,金庸是徐志摩的姑表弟,瓊瑤是徐志摩的表外甥女。

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婚姻感情
1915年,與張幼儀結婚,後於1922年3月在柏林離婚。
與林徽因的感情沒有結果,而後遇到了陸小曼。
與張幼儀
1915年,由政界風雲人物張君勱為自己的妹妹張幼儀提親,徐志摩把從未謀面的新娘娶進了門。張幼儀端莊善良,具有中國傳統的婦女美德,尊重丈夫,孝敬公婆,賢淑穩重,善操持家務。婚後生了兩個兒子,能相夫教子。然而,徐志摩在張幼儀生完第二個兒子正虛弱的時候,遞上了離婚協議書。
與林徽因
林徽因遊歷歐洲,在英倫期間,結識了當時正在英國遊學的徐志摩。當時徐志摩已是一個兩歲孩子的父親。徐志摩被林徽因出眾的才華與美麗所吸引,對她評價甚高,苦苦地追求林徽因,並不惜與髮妻張幼儀離婚。但林徽因經過理智的思索,和父親一起提前回國了,而且是與志摩不辭而別……徐志摩寫給林徽因的那首有名的《偶然》詩是這樣寫的:“我是天空裡的一片雲/偶爾投影在你的波心/你不必訝異/更無須歡喜/在轉瞬間消滅了踪影/你我相逢在黑夜的海上/你有你的/我有我的方向/你記得也好/最好你忘掉/在這交會時互放的光亮。”這是徐志摩對林徽因感情的最好自白,一見傾心而又理智地各走各的方向,這就是世俗所難理解的一種純情。
與陸小曼
徐志摩留學後回到北京,常與朋友王賡(一個軍官)相聚。王賡的妻子陸小曼,對徐志摩影響甚大。徐志摩和陸小曼在北京交際場相識相愛。徐志摩在與陸小曼熱戀之時,寫下了曠世名篇《愛眉小扎》,他說;“眉,我感謝上蒼,因為你已經接受了我;這來我的靈性有了永久的寄託,我的生命有了最光榮的起點,我這一輩子再不能想望關於我自身更大的事情發現,我一天有你的愛,我的命就有根,我就是精神上的大富翁!”、“有志事竟成,沒有錯兒。奮勇上前吧,眉,你不用怕,有我整個兒在你旁邊站著,誰要動你分毫?有我拼著性命保護你,你還怕什麼?”濃烈熾熱的文字,吐露著愛人的纏綿深情。
在剛結婚的前段日子裡,雖然徐父徐母對陸小曼依然心有不滿,但是兩人也過得浪漫、愜意。只是到了後期,由於陸小曼的病,由於徐申如的拒絕接納,由於鴉片的侵蝕

陸小曼
等諸多原因,陸小曼變得越發嬌慵、懶惰、貪玩,渾沒了當初戀愛時的激情,似乎不再是一個有靈性的女人。徐志摩為了使妻子心喜,就一味遷就她。雖然在口頭上常常婉轉地告誡陸小曼,但效果不大。後來,徐志摩的父親徐申如出於對陸小曼極度不滿,在經濟上與他們夫婦一刀兩斷。徐志摩要從父親處拿錢是不現實的,因此,他不得不同時在光華大學、東吳大學、大夏大學三所學校講課,課餘還趕寫詩文,以賺取稿費。1930年秋,即陸小曼29歲那年,徐志摩索性辭去了上海和南京的職務,應胡適之邀,任北京大學教授,兼北京女子師範大學教授,以掙家用,僅1931年的上半年,徐志摩就在上海、北京兩地來回奔波了8次。當時,人均的年薪為五塊大洋,而徐志摩一年即可掙到幾百大洋,但是即便如此,仍然滿足不了家庭的花銷。陸小曼為什麼會養成這樣大手大腳的毛病呢?一個重要原因是因為她出生名門,又是家裡唯一的孩子,難免養成小姐脾氣。
徐志摩死後,陸小曼不再出去交際。她默默忍受著外界對她的批評和指責。正如她在致志摩輓聯中說;“多少前塵成噩夢,五載哀歡,匆匆永訣,天道复奚論,欲死未能因母老;萬千別恨向誰言,一身愁病,渺渺離魂,人間應不久,遺文編就答君心。”她 懷念志摩,致力於整理出版徐志摩的遺作,用了幾十年的時間,其中的苦辣酸甜一言難盡。徐志摩與陸小曼的婚姻是衝破封建束縛的自由結合,其間雖也曾彼此傷害,但也深深相愛。

《翡冷翠的一夜》是徐志摩的第二個詩集,是他的1925至1927年部分詩歌創作的匯集。這一時期徐志摩的思想和生活發生了一個較大的波折。1924年4月,他在北京認識了陸小曼,並著了魔似的與她熱戀起來,此事招致社會的非議和家庭的反對。但他倆全不顧這一切,可一時又難以解決,徐志摩在十分痛苦和矛盾的心情下,於1925年3月11日啟程出國歐遊,想暫時擺脫一下生活上的苦惱和困境。他在意大利的翡冷翠(即佛羅倫薩)住了一段時間,他將他的傷悲,他的感觸,託付紙筆,寫了不少詩,因此,這部詩集就題名為《翡冷翠的一夜》,這個詩集,除了有哈代、羅賽蒂等英國作家的譯詩外,還有像《西伯利亞》、《在哀克剎脫教堂前》那樣漫遊歐洲時對異鄉他國生活的感受。他也寫了一不少愛情詩篇。《翡冷翠的一夜》,可以看作是記敘了當時他和陸小曼之間的感情波瀾,他的熱烈的感情和無法擺脫的痛苦。

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人物简介

曾在美国克拉克大学(Clark University)﹑伦敦剑桥大学留學。在剑桥两年受西方教育的熏陶及欧美浪漫主义和唯美派诗人的影响,返国后在报刊上发表大量诗文。
1923年,参与发起成立新月社,加入文学研究会。
1924年与胡适、陈西滢等创办《现代诗评》周刊,任北京大学教授。印度大诗人泰戈尔访华时任翻译。
1925年 任北京大学教授,赴欧洲,游历苏、德、意、法等国。
1926年在北京主编《晨报》副刊《诗镌》,与闻一多、朱湘等人开展新诗格律化运动,影响到新诗艺术的发展。同年移居上海,任光华大学、大夏大学和南京中央大学(1949年更名为南京大学[2])教授。和胡适、闻一多等人创立“新月书店”、创办《新月》杂志。
1927年参加创办新月书店。次年《新月》月刊创刊后任主编。并出国游历英、美、日、印等国。
1930年任中华文化基金委员会委员,被选为英国诗社社员。同年冬到北京大学与北京女子大学任教。
1931年初,与陈梦家、方玮德创办《诗刊》季刊,被推选为笔会中国分会理事。同年11月19日,由南京乘飞机到北平,因遇大雾在济南附近触山(山东女子学院东),故飞机失事,因而遇难。更为巧合的是,失事飞机叫“济南号”。蔡元培为其写挽联:
谈话是诗,举动是诗,毕生行径都是诗,诗的意味渗透了,随遇自有乐土;乘船可死,驱车可死,斗室生卧也可死,死于飞机偶然者,不必视为畏途。

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...Susanna Zhang Eacs 4B Section 6pm During Lu Xun’s study in Japan, some topics that he was interested in were “What are the qualities of the ideal human, what does the Chinese character lack most, What is the source of illness.” This made me pause for a little while and try to answer these questions myself. Just like Lu Xun, I was also surprised that his mother called him back to China was for an arranged marriage to a girl that he has never met. Usually in novels, we hear the women’s point of view in the marriage. The author then goes on talking about Lu Hsun’s literary work. The author says “many of his stories are flawed, though they are genuine by virtue of their depth, strength, and gravity.” You can tell that Lu Xun was a great write through the words the author uses in describing each work as “masterpiece” in “Madman’s Diary”, “transcends cultural boundaries and should reach the reader’s heart” in “New Years Sacrifice,” ect. I learned that Mao admired and respected Lu Hsun and “hailed him as the commander of China’s cultural revolution.” The author comes up with three reasons for this. First, Lu Xun’s literature was based on utilitarianism, secondly, he “subsumed literature and arts under politics”, and finally because Lu Xun was a “relentless fighter.” One of my favorite articles was a “Madman’s Diary.” The narrator had illusions that the doctor was going to eat him and that his own brother was the doctor’s accomplice. When the narrator says “ I know their way;...

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Music

...results, and 280,000 related videos on Youku, which is the China’s largest online Youtube. Some people argue that it is Chinese “Gangnam Style” (Sun). One related video it shows that Chinese paramilitary soldiers are performing a dance of the song “Little Apple” during a show by the local government. On November 24, the South Korea girl pop group T-ara released a remake of the music video of “Little Apple,” and translated most of the words to Korean. On the same day, the Chopstick Brothers performed “Little Apple” at the American Music Awards, where they were awarded the “Best International Music.” “Little Apple” is but one example of a new style of Chinese pop music that has appeared in the last few years. Other examples include “The Most Dazzling Folk Style,” by Phoenix Legend (2012), “So Cool,” by Da Zhang Wei in 2014, CCTV Spring Festival Gala (which is the premier mainland Chinese television event of the Chinese new year), and “Chick Chick,” composed and sung by Rong Wang (2014). These pieces represent a new style of Chinese pop music: “earworm songs.” As Chinese pop music industry, the new trend the style of an earworm song became immensely popular, attracted more people, and had hugely influenced Chinese society. In my paper, I will analyze this new style of Chinese pop earworm music with the particular song “Little Apple” and its affect on Chinese society. Sacks Olivers mentioned that the first time anyone used the word of “earworm” as a literal translation by German...

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