...Starting from 1990s, Chinese nationalism gradually resurged. Under the general background of deeper and deeper globalization, Chinese nationalism resurges because of Chinese people’s frustration in the realm of foreign affairs and the needs of Chinese government rebuilding the internal legitimacy. While some people argue that the globalization can reduce the international conflicts, but in my point of view, globalization can also arise the panic, and encourage the development of nationalism, as one of the super power of the world, China’s main opponent is United States, and because of the increasingly communication and trades between China and United States, Chinese Nationalism is even strengthened. So this paper will generally explore the...
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...at three of them. Three of those cross-cultural differences you need to understand and accommodate before you expand into China are ethnic culture, priorities, and decision making. The ethnic culture of China varies greatly from that of the US. Chinese people are more focused on relationships and group work while Americans are more individuals. Chinese tend to be more courteous and create personal relationships with their co-workers. Americans tend to be more direct and put business above personal relationships. Because of these differences, Americans tend to put conflicts behind them quicker for the betterment of the business and Chinese tend to take things more personally and it takes them longer to put conflicts in the past. Chinese also respect people based on age and wisdom whereas Americans tend to respect success and achievement. When expanding into China you need to address the ethnic culture in order to build a strong team and work force. You cannot be as direct and commanding as you are in the USA. The ethnic culture also influences the next difference which is priorities. While the majority of Americans put business as a top priority the Chinese priorities are more mixed or blended together. The Chinese priorities are individual, nation, and business at the top. This goes back to the strong community culture...
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...Question: Rising tide of nationalism has been observed in many parts of the world in the last decades. Primordialism and constructivism have been used to explain this phenomenon. Outline the key arguments of both theories, and then proceed to answer the following question: which theory better explains the rise of nationalism? Illustrate your answer in the context of Macau, China or any one country that you are familiar with. Brief Introduction The word nationalism was created in the late 18 centuries, but it only got popular from the 1830s. It used to convey the idea of identification with a nation in which a group of people shares common ancestry in the early time, but later it began to link with patriotism and with aspirations to statehood. This concept became widely accepted by more and more people during twentieth century. Nationalism now is defined as a subjective feeling of a membership in a nation; a belief that a nation should form the state, or a belief that the identification with the nation should be above all other forms of identity. Nowadays Nationalism has set off a wave around the world. Primordialism and constructivism can be used to explain this phenomenon. We will see the key arguments of both theories. The first one is primordialism. Key arguments of two theories The emergence of the theory of primordialism was in the second half of the eighteenth centuries, in general, primordialism assumes political identity are innate and largely unchanged. It...
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...statement that “in SEA, nationalism was principally an ideology of anti-colonial struggle.” Intro Definition Duiker defined nationalism as the result of a gradual process which begins with a primitive awareness of shared destiny and of ethnic or cultural distinctiveness. Only gradually does national consciousness expand into an awareness of the modern concept of nationhood, rooted in the mass of the population. Nationalism takes place in 3 stages: proto, modern and mature. Interpretation This statement implies that the defining nature of SEA nationalism was opposition of colonial rule. Argument Outline It is true that SEA nationalism was a concept of anti-colonial struggle, but there were also other forms mainly traditional, cultural/religious and ethnic/economical and moderate/reformist. They were not anti colonial in nature but rather reactions to colonial policies. SEA society was never homogenous, thus political awareness among the masses came only post WWII after originating from non political forms before 1945. This essay would be covering the early stage of SEA nationalism before WWII. Thesis Thus, it can be seen that there are many variations of nationalism which were not necessary anti colonial in nature due to the unique demographic circumstances of SEA. To say that in SEA, nationalism was principally an ideology of anti-colonial struggle would be a oversimplification and generalization. Expo 1 P: SEA nationalism was a result of traditional...
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...people and their cultures helped create an image of what it meant to be an American, and with this came a growing sense of nationalism. That idea would become the essential meaning of the United States between 1877 and 1930. American Nationalism on its surface can be seen as simply being proud of your country as well as its freedoms and accomplishments. However, it can easily grow out of control and insinuations of superiority and hatred for anything non-American. Regardless, all levels of nationalism shaped how America developed and the formation of the identity associated with the word ‘American’....
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...Lecture 1: Introducing Culture and Globalization Globalization: the increasing interconnectedness of the world (interconnectivity) Culture: shared ways of understanding and doing things (conceptual lense) and is socially constructed, hence changeable Culture Core question of course: does increasing globalization lead to the spread of new global cultures (more cultural sameness) or to more cultural differences? Globalization increases cultural similarities and differences the four main characteristics of globalization ~ Cochrane and Pain 1. stretched social relations, 2. intensification of flows, 3. increasing interpenetration of cultures, 4. an development of global infrastructure Globalization is driven by modern science, capitalism, and industrialism The four power players in globalization (‘nation states’, ‘military’, ‘division of labour’, and ‘capitalism’) ~Giddens Two main forms of culture contact: hybridization and differentiation Globalization involves reflexivity, i.e. ‘old certainties’ disappear Reflexivity is the idea that both individuals and society are defined not just by themselves, but also in relation to each other. Therefore they must both continually redefine themselves in reaction to others and to new information Lecture 2: Is There a Global Culture? • • • Power relations: having the ‘right’ to define what things are (Giddes, lecture 1) ‘Us – them’ distinctions The power relations of four groups in society: Majorities and elites are dominant...
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...Final Exam Questions 1. Q: Explain the historical relationship between Hutus and Tutsis. Before 1500s, there were mainly 2 tribes in Rwanda. Hutus and Tutsis. However, Tutsis had better agricultural and trade and combat skills. Very slowly over time, Tutsis took over the land ownership of Hutus and Hutus became part of Tutsis society. This was not a violent take over. This happened peacefully. Tutsi created an agreement that allowed Hutus to work on their land in exchange for payment and protection. As Tutsi became stronger, they saw no need to pay and protect Hutus. Hutus became Tutsis’ slaves. After World War II, Rwanda became Belgian colony. Belgian government tried to establish equal rights between Tutsis and Hutus. UN in 1962 gives independence to Rwanda. Election system allowed a Hutu to become a president. Tutsis tried to overthrow the government, but failed and almost all Tutsis fled from the country. Hutus killed almost 12,000 Tutsis in the process. The president signed a cease fire and in 1990, he promised to make many changes to Rwanda to try and allow Hutus and Tutsis to live together in peace. However, Hutu president Juvenal Habyarimana was killed when his airplane was shot down by unknown group. Angry Hutu extremists started to massacre Tutsis in Rwanda. Almost 927,000 Tutsis were killed in 100 days. UN and all other countries in the world did nothing. 2. Q: It...
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...its impact on the main powers like European powers but rather he focused on the impact of the peace process on the side states like Korea and china. These countries didn’t play a major or rather significant role in the peace process in fact they were largely ignored. Central to his thesis is the Wilsonian message of national self-determination and equality among states. To be well conversant with the encumbrance and openings implanted in China's the excellent place to start is on Jonathan D. Spence's good new book. ''The Search for Modern China,'' a detailed account across centuries from the fall of the Ming dynasty in 1600 up to the point of death of the democracy movement in June 1989, will educate everybody students and public alike of Chinese history. The effect and similar causal sequence of Wilson's discourse from 1918 up to the end of Paris peace conference is what Manela defines as the "Wilsonian Moment. As per Manela, Wilson radical ideals was based on his need and determination for all the nations of the earth to become self-governed and to embrace colonial ideologies. Wilson was directing his message to Europe audience but the broadcasting media in Europe send the message across the globe and it was welcomed by leaders from non-western developing countries. The nationalistic movement emerge especially within eastern countries following up on Wilson’s vision. Manila in his book highlights how Wilson’s ideas was received in china, Korea, Egypt and India. Mao Zedong, Sa’d...
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...Nationalism Introduction Nationalism is the notion that the population of a state share the same interests which are different from those of other states and dissimilar from the interests of the mankind as a whole. Furthermore, nationalists think that these national interests are more vital than the competing interests which might take place among different members or groups who belong to the nation. Nations themselves are historical creations of capitalism. It was the climbing bourgeoisie whose premiums requested the toppling of primitive or other precapitalist parochialism and the production of a solitary business sector, single government and single dialect over a substantial domain. Making the conditions for industrialists to succeed made countries. It ought to consequently not be shocking that patriot philosophy is a type of entrepreneur (middle class) belief system (Myers, 2009). National interest In an industrialist nation, it is entrepreneurs who own the greater part of the riches, who hold the influence and who are acknowledged as representatives of the national premium. So when the specifics of any asserted national investment are taken a gander at, it just so happens those specifics are the premiums both of specific industrialists or of the entrepreneur class as an issueOn the off chance that our whole country has regular hobbies unique in relation to those of different countries, then it must bode well for purchase items being sold by our country's business...
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...DIVERSITY AND NATIONALISM “Diversity is the life-blood of the nation. To trample on the rights of any minority group is to trample on the rights of the nation.” In the source the perspective of the individual states that diversity is the strength of a nation that it is fundamental for a nation to exist. They also quote that when you ignore the minority group which is the group of people such as people of different cultures or countries get disregarded you are disregarding the rights of the whole nation. The point the author of the source is trying to make is that without diversity or a minority group, you basically don’t have a nation. There are many perspectives on whether diversity is good or bad. Robert Putnam states "Diversity, at least in the short run, seems to bring out the turtle in all of us," he writes. He explains further that people in more diverse communities tend to "distrust their neighbors, regardless of the color of their skin, to withdraw even from close friends, to expect the worst from their community and its leaders, to volunteer less, give less to charity and work on community projects less often, to register to vote less, to agitate for social reform more but have less faith that they can actually make a difference, and to huddle unhappily in front of the television." Deidre Blair says otherwise “Where would we be without diversity something that includes not only them, but both you and me. We wouldn’t have variety, or change or ethnic differences ...
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...International Relations by Karen A Mingst, theory is a set of propositions and concepts that seek to explain phenomena by specifying the relationships among the concepts. So theory of international relation is a set of propositions and concepts that seek to explain international relation phenomena by specifying the relationships among the concepts. Therefore the theory of international relationship is important to analyze political events and their background. For example, behind US attack to Iraq, there were issues of terrorism, Saddam Hussein as an individual, democracy, and weapon. Moreover using the theories of international relationship, individuals can explain why Iraq refused to comply with international demand initially; its strong nationalism, history of being controlled by western colonialist, and its leader’s augmented power by standing up to the west. Aside from analyzing political events and the background why certain events occur, the theory of international relation is important in terms of building...
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...ETHNOCENTRISM Ethnocentrism is the tendency to believe that one's ethnic or cultural group is centrally important, and that all other groups are measured in relation to one's own. The ethnocentric individual will judge other groups relative to his or her own particular ethnic group or culture, especially with concern to language, behaviour, customs, and religion. The term ethnocentrism was coined by William G. Sumner, upon observing the tendency for people to differentiate between the in group and others. Ethnocentrism occurs when one culture or nation places itself at the top of an imagined hierarchy of cultures and nations and subsequently assigns other cultures and nations equivalent or lower value on that scale. To be fair, a system of belief in which someone doesn't consider his or her own as the right one is inherently inconsistent, for it is admitting its own falseness. With this in mind, it is important to examine the bases for our beliefs regarding other cultures and nations. The tendency to evaluate other groups according to the values and standards of one's own ethnic group, especially with the conviction that one's own ethnic group is superior to the other groups. "The fallacy of ethnocentrism is committed...
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...The concept state has been explained or received numerous definitions based on the understanding of some political scholars as well as the definition giving to it by any other academic discipline base on how they understand it. Their definitions seek to distinguish the concept state from nation and how it elaborate on its similarities and differences. According to Max Weber, a state is the organisation that maintains a monopoly of violence over a territory. Also, Dr. Bossman defines the state as a clearly defined area with its own government that exercises authority over its population. Moreover Patrick O’Neil, explains a state as an institution that seek to yield the majority of force within a territory, establishing order and deterring challenges from inside and out. Generally, a state may be defined as a geographically well-defined area with a boundary, territory and a government with power to exercise authority over its members called citizens. On the other hand, the word nation is defined from the Latin word natus which means birth. The word nation can also mean a group that a person is born into and have linkage [ethnos] or ethnicity. According to Thomas Magstadt and Peter Scihotten, the term nation refers to people who share a common value including any or all of following; geographical location, history, racial and ethnic characteristics, religion, language, culture and beliefs and common political ideas. According to Ernest Baker, a nation is a body...
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...Argumentative Research Paper Preventing immigration because of nationalism and racism is a violation of human rights. Immigration has become the topic of many legal and political discussions. Not a very long time ago, approximately 80 years, some countries, because of their nationalist and racist ideologies tried to stop immigration and even implemented racial cleansing, while others defended immigrant rights against the ideas of pure-blood and xenophobic insanity. Actually this case has not closed yet. The majority of governments still refuse to accept immigration as a human right. Standards for immigrants are generally very poor; they do not share the equal rights of the citizens of the country. While some countries have some laws and regulations to solve this problem, generally most nations are not welcoming of immigrants. Preventing immigration because of nationalism and racism is a violation of human rights. Xenophobia is a fear of anything or anyone that is strange or unknown. Many nations’ immigration policies are based upon xenophobia, and this has come to inform policies and attitudes of nationalism. Jeong (2013) defines nationalism “as a feeling of superiority and contempt for foreigners’’ and in his study he describes the effects of national feelings on immigration. Jeong claims there is a connection between restricted immigration and high levels of nationalism. For instance, many US citizens have concerns about whether there will be anyone called “American”...
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...Taylor Leyva A.P. Language Jackson 29 January 2012 Critical Response: Deloria In this excerpt from We Talk, You Listen, Deloria campaigns on behalf of the rights of all minorities, but namely Native Americans. The unorthodox way he went about it, however, was the most interesting. Unlike most advocates for this cause, Deloria suggests that rather than attempting to join in on white history, minorities should remember and celebrate their own. He downplays the importance of a national sense of unity in order to promote togetherness between racial groups. Thinking back in history to the most well-known battles fought by minorities, the Civil Rights’ Movement definitely stands out. However, it seems that in this instance African Americans wished to fit in to a “white man’s world”. Of course this is understandable, simply because of what we believe of human nature. As Mark Twain said, “If [a man] would prosper, he must train with the majority; in matters of large moment, like politics and religion, he must think and feel with the bulk of his neighbors” (717-718). This desire to be apart of what others are, to join the majority is, in a sense, refuted by Deloria in this excerpt. He gives specific examples in which it seems the truth has been stretched in order to include minorities into white history. This supporters of this theory think that, “Crispus Attucks, a black, almost single-handedly started the Revolutionary War, while Eli Parker, the Seneca Indian general, won...
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