...Anxiety and components. According to Onions (1996), the term anxiety is derived from the Latin word angere, meaning to choke. In sports psychology, anxiety is defined as an unpleasant emotion which is characterised by vague but persistent feelings of apprehension and dread (Cashmore, 2008). Most psychologists regard anxiety as a multidimensional constract with at least 3 components: cognitive, somatic (i.e. physical) and behavioural (Gould et al., 2002). First, cognitive anxiety involves worrying or having negative expectations about some impending situation or performance and engaging in task-irrelevant thinking as a consequence.Dunn (1999), discovered four main themes in their analysis of cognitive anxiety in ice-hockey players. These themes were a fear of performance, failure, apprehension about negative evaluation by others, concerns about physical injury or danger, and unspecified fear of the unknown. The second component of the construct of anxiety involves somatic or bodily processes. Somatic anxiety refers to the physical manifestation of anxiety and may be defined as “one’s perception of the physiological-affective elements of the anxiety experience, that is, indications of autonomic arousal and unpleasant feeling states such as nervousness and tension” (Morris et al., 1981). In sport , this component of anxiety is apparent when an athlete is afflicted by such physical markers as neuroendocrine responses (e.g., secretion of cortisol- the “stress” hormone), increases...
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...Impact of Advertising on Consumers’ buying behavior through Persuasiveness, Brand Image, and Celebrity endorsement Shumaila Ahmed and Ayesha Ashfaq ABSTRACT The present research paper is focusing on the impact of advertising on consumer’s buying behaviors. Brand image, persuasiveness and celebrity endorsement in the advertising are the key factors, which raise the consumers’ intentions towards the product and buying behaviors. The buying behavior is strongly influenced by image of the product which is build by the advertisers. The primary data of the study is collected through questionnaires and secondary data was collected through internet, journals and business magazines. This survey study was conducted in January, 2013. A sample of 120 respondents was taken, out of which 50 were in government or semi-government services, while 30 were taken from business class and the rest 40 were private employees. The study explores that a creative and well executed advertisement has always a great impact on the buying trends or purchasing behaviors of the consumers. At the same time quality of the product and price are also included with their strong impact on buying behavior of consumer. Likewise to some extent the celebrity endorsement also matters in the buying behavior. Therefore the study concludes that the positive impact of all these factors, on the buying behavior of the consumer proves the loyalty of consumer towards brand which helps in promotion of the...
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...Impact of Advertising on Consumers’ buying behavior through Persuasiveness, Brand Image, and Celebrity endorsement Shumaila Ahmed and Ayesha Ashfaq ABSTRACT The present research paper is focusing on the impact of advertising on consumer’s buying behaviors. Brand image, persuasiveness and celebrity endorsement in the advertising are the key factors, which raise the consumers’ intentions towards the product and buying behaviors. The buying behavior is strongly influenced by image of the product which is build by the advertisers. The primary data of the study is collected through questionnaires and secondary data was collected through internet, journals and business magazines. This survey study was conducted in January, 2013. A sample of 120 respondents was taken, out of which 50 were in government or semi-government services, while 30 were taken from business class and the rest 40 were private employees. The study explores that a creative and well executed advertisement has always a great impact on the buying trends or purchasing behaviors of the consumers. At the same time quality of the product and price are also included with their strong impact on buying behavior of consumer. Likewise to some extent the celebrity endorsement also matters in the buying behavior. Therefore the study concludes that the positive impact of all these factors, on the buying behavior of the consumer proves the loyalty of consumer towards brand which helps in promotion of the...
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...FACES OF INDEBTNESS 1) KENYA Kenyan borrowers promptly repay their loans despite the stiff interest rates and high inflation, presenting a lower default risk investment environment for banks compared to other parts of the world. The low default risk for banks has however not translated to lower interest rates for customers despite the credit referencing system taking effect. The credit risk is measured in terms of gross non-performing advances as a percentage of the total gross advances. A survey by audit firm RSM Ashvir, based on banks 2012 financial reports showed only 4.6 per cent of loans by banks in 2011 ended up as non-performing advances. The banking industry disbursed Sh1, 335 billion, out of which only Sh61.4 million was defaulted. The risk has consistently decreased from 7.9 per cent in 2009 to 6.3 per cent in 2010. With the increase in interest rates and inflation rate, non-performing advances were expected to go higher, but it is not the case. This shows that the risk in the Kenyan market is low Interest rates spiked in December 2011 after the Central bank increased its key lending rate to a high of 18 per cent to curb the inflation rate which had peaked at 19.72 per cent in November that year. Though both the Central Bank Rate and inflation rate have dropped to 9.5 per cent and 4.11 per cent, banks are still lending at an average of 17.84 per cent. Microfinance institutions in Kenya have suffered significant loan repayment default resulting into subsequently...
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...T.E. (Petroleum) (Semester – I) Examination, 2011 DRILLING & PRODUCTION OPERATIONS (2003 Course) Time : 3 Hours Max. Marks : 100 Instructions : 1) Question Nos. 1 and 5 are compulsory. Out of the remaining attempt 2 questions from Section I and 2 questions from Section II. 2) Answers to the two Sections should be written in separate books. 3) Neat diagrams must be drawn wherever necessary. 4) Black figures to the right indicate full marks. 5) Use of Logarithmic Tables, Slide Rule, Mollier Charts, Electronic Pocket Calculator and Steam Tables is allowed. 6) Assume suitable data, if necessary. SECTION – I 1. What are different systems on a drilling rig ? Explain any one in detail with suitable diagramme. 18 2. a) Calculate Bottom hole pressure if well depth is 2500 m and mud weight is 1.2 gm/cc. b) Calculate mud weight if mud gradient is 0.87 psi/ft. ′ c) Calculate volume bbl/meter for drill pipe O.D. = 5′ inch and I.D. = 4.276 inch. 2 2 2 10 8 8 16 d) Draw circulation system on a drilling rig. 3. a) Discuss IADC classification of a bit in details. b) Discuss different factors affecting rate of penetration in details. 4. Write short note on : i) Coring ii) Fishing tools iii) BOP iv) Directional well P.T.O. [3963] – 103 -2- *3963103* SECTION – II 5. a) Discuss different types of casings and function of the casings in brief. b) Discuss different types of well completion techniques. 6. a) Discuss primary cementation process with suitable sketch. b) Discuss...
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...(Retd.) Shri N. R. Mohanty Dr. Jyoti Mukhopadhyay Shri R. K. Sharma Maj. Gen. (Retd.) Samay Ram, UYSM, AVSM, VSM 3 29th Annual Report 2009-10 EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS Smt. Srabani Guha, IES CVO Shri P. K. Parida Shri B. N. Swain Shri A. Sapra Shri S. C. Dash Shri P. K. Mohapatra Shri K. N. Ravindra Company Secretary Shri K. S. Sreedhara 4 29th Annual Report 2009-10 The sale of 7,094 MT Special Grade Alumina was the highest surpassing the previous high of 4,769 MT achieved in 200809. The sale of Special Grade Hydrate at 12,815 MT was the highest ever sale surpassing the previous best of 11,670 MT achieved during 2007-08. FINANCE Your Company posted a lower total income of ` 5,548 crore in the year under report, as against ` 5,631 crore during the previous year. Profit After Tax for the year stands at ` 814 crore, as against ` 1,272 crore in the previous year. The decline in net profit during the year compared to previous year was due to combined effect of lower sales realization, reduced earnings from investment of surplus funds and increase in operating cost. Your Company has recorded higher export earning of ` 2,209 crore during the year as against ` 2,071 crore achieved during the previous year. MARKETING You will be pleased to know that your Company achieved the highest ever sale of 4,35,979 MT metal as against sale...
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