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Chronic Kidney Disease Research Paper

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Chronic Kidney Disease
Ashley Oglesby Joyner
Walden University
Advanced Practice Care of Adults NURS-6531N-20
October 21st, 2017

Chronic Kidney Disease Chronic kidney disease occurs when there is a loss of nephrons which prevents perfusion, filtration and excretion. Chronic kidney disease is a debilitating disease that requires long-term treatment to improve the patient’s quality of life. Risk factors for kidney disease include high blood pressure, diabetes, exposure to renal toxic drugs, and systemic infections. Chronic kidney disease is diagnosed by patient history, physical exam, diagnostic testing, and laboratory studies. Management of chronic kidney disease involves frequent follow up appointments, routine blood work, …show more content…
Obtaining a detailed patient history is essential when caring for the patient with chronic kidney disease. The advanced practitioner should ask the patient about their medical history, current medications, recent illnesses, and risk factors to identify the cause of kidney disease. Inflammatory conditions, sepsis, kidney infections, drug-induced nephritis can increase the risk for kidney injury (Buttaro, Trybulski, Polgar-Bailey, Sandberg-Cook, 2017). During the physical exam the provider should assess the patients’ blood pressure in bilateral arms and orthostatic blood pressure. During the exam, the provider should ask about pruritus because it can be indicative of vascular abnormalities. The advanced practitioner should also assess for volume overload by checking for jugular vein distention, edema, and auscultating lung sounds. A full abdominal exam should also be performed to assess for renal artery bruits and abdominal distention. Laboratory tests such as serum creatinine, urine specimen, and glomerular filtration rate can also aid the practitioner in diagnosing the patient. Glomerular filtration rate is the volume of fluid filtered from the glomerular capillaries and values that are less than 60 mL/min/1.73m2 indicates the patient has severe renal disease (Garcin, 2012). The presence of microscopic hematuria, white blood cell casts, granular casts, and non-albumin proteinuria …show more content…
Supplements such as vitamin D are essential for maintaining calcium and vitamin D. Other medications such as Renvela and Sensipar can be prescribed to the patient with chronic kidney disease. Renvela controls phosphorus levels in patients with chronic kidney disease. Sensipar is prescribed to patients with renal disease to decrease the levels of parathyroid hormone, calcium and phosphorus. Due to the electrolyte imbalances associated with kidney disease, dietary management is essential for the management of electrolytes.
Patient Factors and How They Impact the Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease There are many factors that can impact the diagnosis and treatment of patients with chronic kidney disease.
Conclusion
To improve the patient’s quality of life proper management of kidney disease is essential. For the management of chronic kidney disease, the patient must be complaint with treatment or their quality of life will rapidly decline. Advanced practitioners must discuss treatment options and the importance of follow-up care. Maintaining a healthy weight, controlling blood pressure, taking medications as prescribed and being physically active can help in the management of kidney disease (National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases,

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