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Cis 210 – Systems Analysis and Development Website Migration Term Paper

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Website Migration Project
Chinnasut Nhurod
CIS 210 – Systems Analysis and Development
Dr. Wesley E. Phillips
Strayer University
September 15, 2013

Website Migration Project for Tony’s Chips

Building the Web Architecture
In order to build the web architecture, the system analyst would be required to analyse the business requirements of the organization and then develop a clear statement of goals of the organization. Since, the old site of the company is running it would be vital to understand the technological and business related issues associated with the previous website. Along, with that it should also be determined whether the IT staffs of the company possesses necessary experience and skills essential for the implementation of the project. The company might have to consider additional resources, training programs, and hiring of consultants for the project’s success (Nelson et.al, 2010). The project should be developed on a modular manner so the users can approve and test the various functional elements of the website. Since the Tony’s Chips website was already operating, it would be essential for the developer to gather the existing functional requirements for the website. During the data collection process the system analyst will conduct interviews of the people from the product support department, and they will gather the system documentation using the fact finding techniques (McArdle et.al, 2010). Once all the requirements are fulfilled the next step would be to review all of these requirements. Only then the system analyst would be able to decide whether to develop the software in house or opt for packed solutions.

Moving Website with Minimal Downtime
Before beginning the migration of the website the company should display a notice on their website stating that the website will be down for a specific period of time due to planned migration. It would be ideal to make this migration in the middles of the night for minimizing the inconvenience. Following are the steps which would be adopted by the company to minimize the downtime during migration. * DNS Preparation: Before beginning the process of migration the company would assure that the TTL is set to an hour for all the DNS records. This step would be taken 48 hours before the migration begins. During this process the company will ensure that when the migration is complete the IP address, the switch and the website data in the DNS records will get to the new location swiftly. * Inventory Collection: The Company will ensure that its web directory and the database are moved efficiently. Along, with that the company will also create a list of all the items that are required to be moved from the old website to the new websites. This could include special server setups for the website. In case there are any cron jobs running a new server would be required on the new location. * Displaying a Sorry Note: The company will develop a small page with the site logo on it, and it will display a note “Sorry for the interruption but we are moving to a new server to enhance customer experience. We will be back online soon”. This page would be placed in-front of the web directory and none of the visitors would be able to any other pages of the website (McCann, & Rooney,). Keeping the visitors away for the website will ensure zero percent data loss. * Database Movement: Now, after blocking the access to the website that database will be sitting idle, now it will be safe to move the database without losing anyone’s comments, posts, and changes. Once all these are moved the next step would be to get the new server to point towards the right web files, and whole database will be transferred to the new server. * Setting up cron and e-mail: Since all the e-mails of the company goes through an account present over the server the company will be required to have additional setups on the new server. * Bringing the website back online: Once the site is successfully migrated from one host to another the next step is to swap the IP address in the DNS with the IP of the new server. This step will ensure that the site comes up promptly and efficiently. * Restoration of longer TTLs: A day after the migration the company will ensure that the TTL in the DNS records is changed back to what it was before, because it can create unnecessary burden over the website if not changed on time. All of these steps will enable the company to migrate its website to the new location with minimal downtime without experiencing any issues.

Disaster Recovery Solution for the Website
In case there is any emergency during the migration phase the company would require to overcome that issue immediately for that purpose the company would require a disaster recovery plan for their website. The disaster recovery plan that would be followed by Tony’s Chips to ensure that the site is always available to its customers would include the following steps. * Recording of pertinent information present over the Website: The administrator should always remember and assure the security of the system log-in id and password. Along, with that the administrator should also ensure that the log-in information for the e-mail accounts, groups and aliases is maintained (Guariento et.al, 2011). The administrator should also secure the system log-in for the website content management, the domain registrar web address log-in, the FTP log-in information, and the hosting control panel log-in. It is also essential foe the website hosting provider to keep all the customer support details. * Regularly saving the backups of your website: Most of the application service providers and hosting companies provides the users with back-up services for their data. However, since Tony’s Chips is a self-hosting web site it should be able to maintain the backups of all the data of its website, in case there is an emergency the company will be required to move all the data to another provider swiftly and proficiently. The company should back-up the data of their website with the help of hosting control panel. Keeping the copies of data could be a good idea, as it would make the website easily accessible in case there is some issue with the previous site and the site have to be moved to a new address. * Determination and implementation plan for recovering the website: Understanding what is required to do in emergency will enable the company to ensure a smoother recovery. Thus, the company should ensure to keep the back-up data and log-in information accessible at all times, along with that the company should also determine the fact as to who will be the in charge for restoring the backups for the website, and updating the files over the website (Miranda, Rey, & Robles, 2012). * Keeping an additional copy of the website in a safe place: Always ensure that an extra copy of the website is stored off-site, in case the main server becomes inaccessible. This copy could be saved inside a safe deposit box inside a local bank. The company can also backup the data with the help of an off-site backup service. It is immensely important to devise a disaster plan for protecting the website.
Web Architecture Description
For this project it would be favorable to develop in-house hosting website, this is the reason why 3-tier web architecture should be used in the development of the website. Tony’s Chips should use Linux as the operating system, SQL SERVER 2008 (IIS) for their database, and C# as the language in which the website will be developed. Linux, Visual Studio, and SQL SERVER 2008 (IIS) are all open source, and there would not be any need for the company to purchase any licenses. Writing the code in the C# would help the company in the deployment of the code as it could be deployed on various platforms, it is also feasible for the company’s website, and it would be easier for the company to find people who possess experience of working on Visual Studio.

Self Hosting Alternatives for Tony’s Chips

Static IPs
It is one of the most frequently used self hosting methods in which the company could simply obtain a static IP address from their ISP, buy the domain name and then map that domain name with the static IP. However, in order to adopt this solution the company needs to hire someone with technical knowledge, since this process requires configuration of ports, servers, along, with other security tools etc.

Reverse Proxy Another alternative that can be adopted by the company is reverse proxy in which can eliminate the current drawbacks of dynamic DNS approach. The reverse proxy will enable the company to maintain and up to date mapping of the home computers along with their domain names. The reverse proxy will process all the in-coming HTTP requests, look up to the mapping and forwarding them to the appropriate home computer for fulfilling the operation successfully. However, for this solution would not work under the current scenario as the home computer of Tony’s Chips is located behind the NAT; in this case Tony’s Chips will be required to set up a port forwarding architecture. The implementation of reverse proxy requires significant investment since there are various tools required for its successful implementation and operation.

Dynamic DNS
Tony’s Chips can also adopt Dynamic DNS solution for hosting their website. Dynamic DNS will provide the company with the mechanism that will keep their domain name pointed towards their current IP address. This will enable the company to safe the cost of investing in static IP, because in Dynamic DNS a software IP agent is dedicated in updating the agent on the home computer continuously. Even though, dynamic computer possesses the capability to update the mapping after every minute, there can still be considerable time lag for propagating the updating across ISP’s around the world. During this delay no one will be able to see the website. These delays could occur due to various reasons such as; the entry of the DNS which consists of the IP address, domain name, and an entry consisting of a TTL (Amount of seconds for which a DNS server withholds the information of a particular domain in its cache before refreshing the information from the high level server).
However, Tony’s Chips can select to implement the DNS servers that ignore the TTL entries, expiration times, and are capable of deciding their own to cache the domain information for a much longer period of time. Solution based on Dynamic DNS saves the cost of investment in the fixed IP, but the company might have to face intermittent problems, which could be far beyond the expertise of the home users to resolve.

Website System Architecture
The system architecture that will be used for the development of the website will be based on Linux Operating System, because Linux operating system is free software and there would be no cost associated with its implementation. It is extremely powerful and does not suffer from hardware malfunction. It will enable the company to make Substantial savings in the household, business, projects in development and it will allow the company to install local test server’s beta platforms to be used in Internet (Cotroneo et.al, 2010). It can be adapted according to the companies very specific and specialized journalism needs. It will provide the company with automatic backup system 20GB Free Internet folders that store our documents, photos and other files you want to protect from theft or unexpected disasters. As in the Figure 1: Website System Architecture, that showing the architecture of the system.
The database of the company will be stored using SQL Server 2008 (IIS). It will enable the company to take advantage of new opportunities in the dynamic business world, companies need the ability to rapidly create and deploy data-driven solutions. Along, with that it will also provide the company with a comprehensive platform, delivering intelligence where the users need it (Rankins et.al, 2010). A major reason for using SQL server 2008 is that it will provide the company the benefit of less storage to keep backups online, and backups are run much faster because it requires less input / output disk. In Figure 2, showing how database will be stored.
The web server for the website will be hosted internally using Apache server. Specifically, because Apache is designed to be a powerful and flexible web server that can run on the widest variety of platforms and environments. Different platforms and different environments often make necessary different features or functionality, or the same feature or function is implemented in different ways to achieve greater efficiency. This design will allow the web site administrators to choose which features are to be included in the server by selecting which modules to load either at compile or run the server. Apache server consists of Multi-Processing Modules that are responsible for connecting with the network ports on the machine, accepting requests, and generate child processes to handle the requests. It is extremely rich in resources that are very useful for modern websites and follows the latest web protocols. The configuration files in apache use ASCII (Vukotic, A., & Goodwill, 2011). That makes it extremely simple to administer, because this is to edit the file using any text editor. It is slim, fast and, consequently, uses few system resources. In Figure 3 will show the relations of worker process, apache, and spawn server.

Illustration of the System Architecture of the Website
In Figure 4 is show the illustration of the system architecture of the website.

Use Case Diagram for the Customer Ordering a Bag of Chips from the Website The Figure 5 is show the use case diagram for the customer ordering a bag of chips from the website.
Description of the Use Case Diagram Entity | Description of Operation | Online Customer | A customer can visit the website views the types of chips offered by the company, purchase their desired chips, mange their information present over the website, and write reviews about the product. | Marketing Administrator | The market manager manages the products that are being offered by the company over the website. Along, with that the marketing manager also reports the total products sold. | Payment Processing System | Keeps a track of the total number of purchases of the products by customers, and maintains the record of each customer individually. | Inventory Clerk | The inventory clerk fulfils the requirement of the products. | Inventory Manager | Reports if there is any deficiency in the inventory, and manages the overall operations of the inventory. |

Figure 6A is show the sample main page webpage screen shot.
Figure 6B is show the sample online purchase page screen shot.

Essential Support Operations Required for Internally Hosted Website
Incessant maintenance of the server hardware, and the back-up protocols of the server. Routine updation of the software and hardware components for keeping up with the latest standards of technology. Along, with the establishment of pipelines for maintaining a sufficient bandwidth for supporting the external and internal demands of the company. An infrastructure for the mitigating the local power outages. A group of personnel who possess the knowledge concerning Apache web servers and the Linux operating system, and sufficient maintenance of the staff for monitoring of the server. Establishment of security protocols, and back-up protocols that account for all the firewall penetrations and viral attacks that would detect intrusion on network level.
Evaluation of the performance of the website
Managing traditional economy companies has led to the development of numerous methods for assessing the degree of achievement of its objectives. The increased productivity, cost savings, meeting sales targets or total useful impacts achieved by an advertising campaign, they all correspond to a quantifiable goal to achieve within a specified period and an evaluation method to establish the extent to which stated objectives were achieved (Thongpapanl, N., & Rehman Ashraf, 2011). With the achievement of the various objectives in the short term, the company aims to achieve its strategic objectives in the medium and long term. Following are the measures that will be used for the performance evaluation of the website.
Alignment of website with strategic objectives: The objectives of the website will be aligned with the overall business strategy, marked by the Directorate. This will involve the establishment of an effective mechanism to maintain the Marketing, Sales, Human Resources, Purchasing, and Customer Service departments of the company.
Tactical Objectives: From strategic planning, each department establishes the objectives of their own area, also on the website of the company. For example, a customer service department can download from work to your call centre through a complete page of Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) on its website or by inserting a query form that can be answered during hours of low activity (many people prefer to fill out a form with your query instead of waiting to be served 25 minutes while listening to over and over again the boring melody of his 902). The major aim of creating this website is to decrease the workload of the call-centre and increase customer satisfaction, and we can measure: percentage of total visits versus 902 arriving via queries via the web (Stepchenkova et.al, 2010).
Key performance indicators identification: The tactical objective of every department will be established on the website for measuring the improvement in the degree of achievement of those objectives. Although it is interesting to know the overall numbers of its web traffic (unique visitors, page views, referrers, etc.) It is clear that we must study in much greater depth those visitors who come to complete the goal of our website (buy, get a quote, request information, and arrange a visit.)

Evaluation of the Project Success
Measurement of the success of a website is immensely important as it is associated with the process of the improving the overall performance of the website. There are two basic steps that would be implemented by Tony’s Chips before starting the measurement of success of the website (Leung et.al, 2010). First step, is knowing the audience, which is the key element for the business, it is immensely important for the company to know the perception of their target audience and satisfy their needs. Second is the establishment of success criteria for the website, since Tony’s Chips is an already established website it would measure the number of visitors that have visited it previous website, as it would enable them to identify the new customers visiting the website. Once these two factors are complete the company will start the measurement of evaluation of the success of the website. Following are the evaluation methods that will be used by Tony’ Chips to measure the success of its migrated website.

Traffic
The higher the number of visitors your website has, the higher will be the popularity of the website. Along, with that it will also result in greater profitability for the building of profitable relationship with the customer. Tony’s Chips will be using some particular keywords and phrased that are highly relevant to its products. Along, with that Tony’s Chips will also engage in affiliate marketing for driving more traffic to the website.

Bounce Rate
It would measure the percentage of the visitors that are immediately leaving the website. In case the bounce rate of the website is very high it could easily be assumed that the website is failing to attract visitors. Measurement of the bounce rate is immensely important for the website, as it would establish the presence of the web page and at the same time will get market share from its competitors. Analyzing the bounce rate would enable the company to know the extent to which the visitors are targeted. Therefore, if the bounce rate is high immediately change the structure and keywords of your website to improve its ranking on the search engines.

Conversion Rate
The measurement of the conversion rate of the website would enable the company to calculate the percentage of the visitors whose visits casually convert in to placement of orders. For the measurement of the conversion rate of the website the company will use the metrics, which shows the time spent by people over the website, page views, repetition of visits, and the rate of clicks over critical links. It an effective indicator for showing the level of customer satisfaction, if the conversion rate are high then there are more prospects of the visitors to turning into regular customers. For the Tony’s Chips website the conversion rates would be increased by using a high quality of content on the webpage, establishment of good navigational structure, and increased level of trust for the visitors.

References

Nelson, R. T., Avraham, S., Shoemaker, R. C., May, G. D., Ware, D., & Gessler, D. D. (2010). Applications and methods utilizing the Simple Semantic Web Architecture and Protocol (SSWAP) for bioinformatics resource discovery and disparate data and service integration. BioData mining, 3(1), 3.
Miranda, J., Rey, P. A., & Robles, J. M. (2012). udpSkeduler: A Web architecture based decision support system for course and classroom scheduling. Decision Support Systems, 52(2), 505-513.
Guariento, R. D., Carneiro, L. S., Caliman, A., Leal, J. J., Bozelli, R. L., & Esteves, F. A. (2011). Food web architecture and basal resources interact to determine biomass and stoichiometric cascades along a benthic food web.PloS one, 6(7), e22205.
McArdle, G., Ballatore, A., Tahir, A., & Bertolotto, M. (2010). An open-source web architecture for adaptive location-based services. In Guilbert, E. et al.(eds.) Proceedings of the Joint International Conference on Theory, Data Handling and Modelling in GeoSpatial Information Science: IGU International Symposium on Spatial Data Handling. International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing.
Stepchenkova, S., Tang, L., Jang, S. S., Kirilenko, A. P., & Morrison, A. M. (2010). Benchmarking CVB website performance: Spatial and structural patterns. Tourism Management, 31(5), 611-620.
Thongpapanl, N., & Rehman Ashraf, A. (2011). Enhancing online performance through website content and personalization. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 52(1), 3.
Cotroneo, D., Natella, R., Pietrantuono, R., & Russo, S. (2010, November). Software aging analysis of the linux operating system. In Software Reliability Engineering (ISSRE), 2010 IEEE 21st International Symposium on (pp. 71-80). IEEE.
Rankins, R., Bertucci, P. T., Gallelli, C., & Silverstein, A. T. (2010). Microsoft SQL server 2008 R2 unleashed. Pearson Education.
Vukotic, A., & Goodwill, J. (2011). Integrating Apache Web Server. In Apache Tomcat 7 (pp. 185-197). Apress.
Qi, S., Ip, C., Leung, R., & Law, R. (2010, May). A new framework on website evaluation. In E-Business and E-Government (ICEE), 2010 International Conference on (pp. 78-81). IEEE.
McCann, K. S., & Rooney, N. (2010, August). OOS 9-7: Landscape theory for food web architecture. In The 95th ESA Annual Meeting.

Appendix
Figure 1: Website System Architecture

Figure 2:

Figure 3:

Figure 4:

Figure 5: Use case diagram for the customer ordering a bag of chips from the website.

Figure 6A: Sample Webpage Screen Shots (Main Page of the Website)

Figure 6B: Sample Webpage Screen Shots (Online Purchase Page)

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