...exceedingly older than Roman culture. Rome conquered and grew, and it as well consisted of city states very similar to Greek, but they united and one day decided they want to conquer the world. Of course, Greek fell to the Romans. When the Romans demolished them, they decided that they really liked Greek culture, and they adopted many Greek characteristics into their own culture. -The concept of citizenship and the duties of the citizen. The concept of citizenship of the Roman was a similar to the Greek model but differed in substantive ways. The Roman conception of citizenships was relatively more complex and nuanced than the earlier Greek conception, and it usually did not involve political participation. There was a “multiplication of roles” for citizens to play, and this sometimes led to “contradictory obligations”. In Greek ideas of the citizenship in the city-state, such as the principles of equality under the law, civic participation in government, and notions that “no one citizen should have too much power for too long”, were carried forth into the Roman world. Greek sense of citizenship was an “emancipation from the world of things” in which citizens essentially acted upon other citizens; material things were left back in the private domestic world of the oikos, the Roman sense increasingly reflected the fact that citizens could act upon material things as well as other citizens; in the sense of buying or selling property, possessions, titles, goods. Greek citizens had the...
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...rest of the group. However, this type of leader is helped by a higher standard. He or she is the example, the mentor, the counselor, and the voice of inspiration. A person who has a high sense of citizenship values the importance of fulfilling the moral and ethical obligations that are entrenched in the community. An Emotional Intelligent Leader with high citizenship values knows when to step back and engage the group for the good of the community and for the success of the organization. He empowers the group, but always with the advancement of the community at the forefront. He or she creates the importance of community and sets the goals needed for the advancement and enrichment of the group. A leader with a commitment to citizenship can often be found in the volunteer sector of a community. For them, it is about giving their time, treasures, and talents to the community they live in. A leader utilizing this capacity, makes the community a high priority, and has strong beliefs about their moral and ethical duty as a citizen. Emotionally Intelligent Leaders believe that citizenship is acknowledging and fulfilling the responsibilities of the group. It is about being a part of something bigger than themselves. The group is more likely to believe and follow a leader with Citizenship because he/she displays a concern for the community and the people it serves. A leader with this capacity takes action, and does not shy away from it. They will lead the call and stand for the...
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...American International Journal of Contemporary Research Vol. 3 No. 8; August 2013 Toward a Functional Citizenship Education Curriculum in Nigerian Colleges of Education for Sustainable Development in the 21st Century Eyiuche Ifeoma Olibie, PhD Department of Educational Foundations Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nigeria Lilian-Rita Akudolu, PhD Professor of Curriculum & Instruction and Commonwealth Fellow Department of Educational Foundations Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nigeria Abstract This study was carried out to identify basic components of civic awareness, civic knowledge and civic dispositions needed by youths in two Colleges of Education in Anambra State of Nigeria as a basis for a functional Citizenship Education curriculum. Three hundred students were randomly selected from the two Colleges of Education in Anambra State. A 50-item questionnaire survey method was utilized based on five research questions. Findings indicated that in the perceptions of the students, it is ideal to incorporate several civic components, skills and dispositions into the citizenship education curriculum. Recommendations were made for revamping of the citizenship education curriculum in Colleges of Education in line with the identified civic components, skills and dispositions so as to ensure the establishment of education for sustainable development in the country. Keywords: Citizenship education, functional curriculum, sustainable development, teachers. Introduction Since the declaration...
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...ETH/376 Accounting Ethics and Professional Regulations Week One Assignment – AICPA Code of Professional Conduct AICPA Code of Professional Conduct The AICPA Code of Professional Conduct represents the principles that “are based on the values of the profession and the traits of character that enable CPA’s to meet their obligations to the public” (Mintz & Morris, 2011). The AICPA Code of Professional Conduct has six essential principles to guide them in the performance of their profession. The six essential principles are: Responsibilities, the Public Interest, Integrity, Objectivity and Independence, Due Care, and Scope and Nature of Services. All these principles need to be follow by the members of the AICPA. These principles link the professional conduct to moral judgment and recognize the responsibility that CPA’s have to his or her clients as well as the public. AICPA Code of Professional Conduct Principles The AICPA Code of Professional Conduct have six essential principles. The first principle is call “Responsibilities”, which protects the public of irresponsible and immoral behavior. The second principle is “The Public Interest”, which protects the best interest of stakeholders that includes the clients, credit grantors, government, investors, etc. The third principle is “Integrity” because this principle identify the public trust and CPA’s need to be candid and honest while maintaining client confidentiality. The fourth principle is “Objectivity and...
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...the starving children. When Peter Singer wrote his article in 1971“Famine, Affluence and Morality” he was able to give a disastrous review of what readers may ordinarily think about different things such as charity and famine relief and if it is moral. Why is there so much famine around the world? Some put blame on lack of food and shelter with no medical care. Others believe that if there was a population control put in place that this perhaps would solve the issue of famine, with as long as these severely poor countries are still giving birth to children, famine becomes a vicious circle. Is it really the obligations of those who live in wealthier countries to support those in other countries? Should these countries make sure their own people are taken care of first? This is the argument that Mr. Singer presents in his paper. One has the moral obligation is to help others in need whether it be a cup of coffee or assisting in drilling a well for water and no matter if they are next door or across the world. With three different premises and a conclusion Singer argues for relief. The first of the three premises is understood when Singer said “that suffering and death from lack of food, shelter and medical care are bad” (Singer, 1972, pg. 231). The next of these three premises argument in his article is “if it is in our power to prevent something very bad from happening, without thereby sacrificing anything morally significant, we ought, morally, to do it” (Singer...
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...able to choose products and services at competitive prices, with a satisfactory quality assurance. * Right to quality of goods and services: Goods and services must comply with quality requirements set by the law for each of them, fulfilling the purpose for which they are intended. * Right to training and education for consumption: The state should promote training activities, primarily integrated into school curricular and programs, creating consumer attitudes critical and selective. * Right to information for consumption: The supplier of goods and service are required to provide true and complete information to the consumer. In the case of goods and essential services, companies that operate on an exclusive basis has the obligation to inform in advance the consumer cuts or interruptions of supply, unless unforeseen cases. * Right to protection of economic interests: In hiring, there must be equality of parties, loyalty, good faith and full length of contracts. * Right to prevention and repair of damage: The producer, the supplier of goods and the service provider are responsible for the damages that the goods and services put on the market cause the consumer who is entitled to compensation for damages caused by false information,...
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...The appropriate recognition/measurement of asset retirement obligations in regard to the following situations: 1. The ten warehouses that will likely be sold before being required to remove the asbestos. 2. The two warehouses in states without special asbestos handling and disposal laws. 3. The thirteen warehouses for which the settlement date is indeterminate. Literature Statement 143 Paragraph 35 of FASB Concepts Statement NO. 6, Elements of Financial Statements, Characteristics of a liability 1. It embodies a duty or responsibility 2. There is little or no discretion to avoid a future transfer or use of assets to satisfy the obligation, and 3. The obligating event has already occurred. In June 2001 the FASB issued a Statement No. 143, Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations requiring entities to record liabilities for tangible, long-lived assets that must be retired or disposed of in a specified way by law or contract. Such liabilities are known as Asset Retirement Obligations (AROs) ASC 410-20-25-13 If a current law, regulation, or contract requires an entity to perform an asset retirement activity when an asset is dismantled or demolished, there is an unambiguous requirement to perform the retirement activity even if that activity can be indefinitely deferred. At some time deferral will no longer be possible, because no tangible asset will last forever (except land). Therefore, the obligation to perform the asset retirement activity is unconditional even...
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...Everyone agrees that business managers must understand finance and marketing. But is it necessary for them to study ethics? Managers who answer in the negative generally base their thinking on one of three rationales. They may simply say that they have no reason to be ethical. They see why they should make a profit, and most agree they should do so legally. But why should they be concerned about ethics, as long as they are making money and staying out of jail? Other managers recognize that they should be ethical but identify their ethical duty with making a legal profit for the firm. They see no need to be ethical in any further sense, and therefore no need for any background beyond business and law. A third group of managers grant that ethical duty goes further than what is required by law. But they still insist that there is no point in studying ethics. Character is formed in childhood, not while reading a college text or sitting in class. These arguments are confused and mistaken on several levels. To see why, it is best to start with the question raised by the first one: why should business people be ethical? Why Should One Be Ethical? There is already something odd about this question. It is like asking, “Why are bachelors unmarried?” They are unmarried by definition. If they were married, they would not be bachelors. It is the same with ethics. To say that one should do something is another way of saying it is ethical. If it is not ethical, then one should...
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...Vigilance Essay Feb 2015 1028 words The price of freedom is eternal vigilance. (Quote- Desmond Tutu) Vigilance is defined as the action or state of being alert and watchful. It is concerned both with what is and what will be. Thus it is important to be Vigilant in the army for many reasons. Not the least of which being it could keep you and your buddies alive despite the world’s best attempts to make you otherwise. But it means more than just staying awake and alert at guard duty. It means both being mentally and physically prepared to react to changing conditions and to being aware and cognizant of the current conditions. There are three important categories to discuss here and expound upon. The First is Vigilance on Duty, the second is Vigilance to Duty and the third is Vigilance in your Duties. They that are on their guard and appear ready to receive their adversaries are in much less danger of being attacked than the supine, secure and negligent. (Quote by - Benjamin Franklin) As it was stated before Vigilance on Duty can mean life or death in the military. If you are on Guard and fall asleep the Enemy could sneak in and kill you and your battle buddies without even a challenge. Vigilance on Radio duty means that you don’t miss important information coming it from far off units or battle buddies calling for rescue or backup and support. In the aid station vigilance may mean the ability to save lives by reacting quickly in the first few seconds of a critically wounded...
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...accruing from the income relating to the sale of Philam Plans and Philhealthcare. Then this is a problem between Philam Life and BIR? Apparently not. Monico Jacob, the chairman of Philam Plans First Inc., the Tanco Group-owned insurer which purchased Philam Plans and Philhealthcare, claims that Philam Life’s alleged non-payment of taxes means that the Tanco group cannot obtain the tax clearances necessary for the sale of the two firms. Philam Life’s anodyne response is to say that it “has a long track record of fully honoring all obligations to each and every one of our stakeholders and we are committed to honoring our commitments to BIR.” Yes, but this does not help the Tanco Group with whom we empathize. Jacob says “Philam Life reneged on its commitment to the Tanco Group in failing to deliver the tax clearances. The Tanco Group has suffered damages due to the delay. Philam Life, however, is trying to find a way out of its obligation. Corporate integrity is an issue here.” Heavy stuff. We wonder if the BIR is being fair to the Tanco Group. It seems that Tanco is suffering from a problem that is exclusively between Philam Life and BIR. Is it not possible for BIR to let Tanco off the hook? When Alan Howard bought Monet’s Water Lilies artwork for US $43 million from Imelda Marcos’s former assistant Ms Bautista, the fact that Bautista did not pay the appropriate taxes to the State and City of New York did not affect Howard’s ownership of the painting. Surely there...
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...presentation of the answers. Answer to question 1 1 Definition of liability: A present obligation arising from a past event, the settlement of which is expected to result in an outflow of resources embodying benefits (i.e. usually a cash payment) There are two types of event creating obligation a) Legal – arises from the conclusion of legal contract, legislation or other operation of law. Example: repair warranty in sales agreement Constructive – derives from the actions of the enterprise where: Past actions – by an established pattern of past practice, published policies or a sufficiently specific current statement, the enterprise has indicated to other parties that it will accept certain responsibilities; and Created valid expectations – as a result, the enterprise has created valid expectations on the part of those parties that it will discharge those responsibilities For example: manufacturer has repaired any faulty items free of charge though there is no warranty in the sales agreement 3. Provision is a liability of uncertain timing or amount. It is accrued on the statement of financial position as it is probable it will be settled and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount that will be settled. Application of the recognition and measurement rules Future operating losses Do not meet the definition of liability and no provision should be made. Onerous contracts Where certain rights and obligations make a contract onerous, a provision should be recognized for any unavoidable...
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...Duties of promoter The promoters take possession of important position and responsibility towards the incorporation of a company. Promoters stand in fiduciary relationship with the company they are promoting. The fiduciary obligations of a promoter will arise automatically once he or she becomes the promoter of the company. There are some major duties of the promoter imposed by the court. First of all is acting bona fine. ‘Bona fide’ is originally a Latin word which means doing and presenting in the absence of fraud. (Oxford Dictionaries) In the other words, a promoter is required to act honestly at all time in the perspective of best interest of the company instead of his own personal interests. In the case given above, Chin did not disclose to Ruth and Ali that his wife is the landowner and he resold the land to the company at a price higher than the original price. In short, Chin did not acting in good faith to exercise his duty. Moreover, a promoter is not permitted to make any secret profits without the consent of the company out of the promotion of the company, unless he has sufficiently disclosed the profits made in the transaction. The most common way a promoter uses to make secret profits by purchasing a property himself and reselling to the company at a higher price. In the case given, Chin purchased a land at the price of RM1 million, but he resold to Mega Sdn. Bhd. at an enhanced price which is RM5 million. Chin has breached his duty as a promoter by obtaining...
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...household for the few months of growing season. At the same time we should strictly enforce the labor laws. No cheating. No paying substandard wages. No working people to their literal "death". No government turning a blind eye to mistreatment of workers. Speaking english well enough to answer a round of historical questions was a citizenship requirement for my mother in 1950 and as well for my friend from the Phillipines around 30 years ago. It's an important part of becoming a citizen -- people living in America must be able to understand simple things, read signs, etc.. Outside of becoming a citizen, it is very important for anyone coming the the United States to assimilate and accept local culture. This does not mean to suggest losing ethnic or cultural practices, rather, it means adhering to local customs and learning how people in the new community live, how they take care and function in the neighborhood and how they interact with each other. It means learning to obey traffic laws, littering laws, and civil law. These things are hard to get used to but they help people get along with each other. As a requirement of citizenship, keeping the criminal element out of the United States should be addressed. However, there are plenty of criminals who never get caught, plenty who get...
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...Plato was one of the first to develop the concept of a political utopia. In The Republic, he attempted to outline the guidelines for a just society. Plato's Utopia appears, at first to be an excellent idea. However, his perfect society is less than the ideal, even from the contemporary perspective. Aristotle, through "The Politic” attempted to understand the nature of man in a "realistic" view. What Plato called ideal, Aristotle called unfeasible. He tries to make rationale judgment in the management of his ideal of a society, through understanding human behavior and logic, making it what he would deem a more realistic society. As humans we tend to care more about our individual needs prior to the needs of others. The values that we express reflect our own self-interest, where the good of the individual was the main concern and was not the same as that of the State. Plato saw this to be determinate to society based on the awareness that Guardians, such as civil leaders and assistants would care more about their individual desires, and their needs; disregarding anything else to fulfill their pleasures. "On this basis they will then be free from faction, to the extent tat any rate that human beings divide into factions over the possession of money, children, and relatives" (Stephanos 464e). Plato recognized this to create factions among individuals, where these divisions' main concerns were to themselves, their family, and to others that were close to them. Families create that...
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...20/20 Vision – A recruiter who averages 20 points per processing week and 20 additional points per deployment week is considered to have “perfect vision”. This will be the standard. Approved Candidate Conditional Offer Bio Approval Packet Complete Attend Training BOG WPS 1 2 2 2 4 4 DoD 1 2 2 2 3 Candidate Reviews – 1 per 25 reviews. Minimum requirement - 1 hour per day. Referrals – 2 points for a validated referral Managers approve candidates and referrals. Priority requisitions receive double points. Potential bonus points – Issued by Sr. Manager / Sr. Director to recognize innovations and excellence. Examples – process improvement recommendations, social media presence, positive customer feedback, above and beyond duty, special project participation/completion, etc. End of day results reported to Supervisor/Manager. Supervisor/Manager validates point total with each recruiter during a daily performance review. I will install a MS Outlook email template on each recruiter’s laptop for easy reporting. Supervisor/Manager will report weekly results to the Sr. Manager. The Senior Manager will develop a MS Excel based management tool to consolidate the results and report to the Sr. Director NLT COB Monday of each week. Team results will be published at the Sr. Director’s discretion. The performance metrics will be used to document work ethic, identify potential training needs, and drive production. Processing week goal – 20 points. A processing week is defined...
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