...Climate change becomes a universal issue in recent years, with the negative influence occurring in the third world. There are lots of negative effects on most urban areas city on coast and riverbanks are vulnerable to climate change effects such as a increase in sea level (Nichcolls, cited in Hunt and Watkiss 2004, p.17). Climate change refers to any change in climate over time, whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity (Parry M.L et al. 2007, p.13). The world’s urban population will rapid increase in the next few year, so the negative effects caused by climate change in cities should be solved necessarily. This essay outlines the major negative impacts by climate change, and evaluates three possible solving measures in many developing countries. The essay argues that three effective solutions are able to solve the problems of climate change in developing countries. Climate change negatively affects the urban in developing countries. The first environmental effect of climate change is a rising sea level. Rosenzweig et al. (2010, p.910) survey that city should obviously contributed to 71% of global energy-related greenhouse-gas. Most chief cities in developing country are located in low altitudes or near the seaside, which are brought calamities by the climate change. As the world warming, the threat from the ocean level increase poses alarming for cities. A rising in sea level has the direct influences on urban areas such as beach erosion and soil...
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...“Merchants of Doubt” is a powerful book exposing the “experts” who tried on ideological reasons to undermine trust in the science base for regulation. Three of these “experts” happened to be all physicists: Bill Nierenberg, Fred Sietz and Fred Singer. Nierenberg and Seitz worked on the atomic bombs. They were also involved on topics like acid rain, tobacco smoking, global warming and pesticides. The book claims that these scientists challenged and diluted the scientific consensus in various fields including: dangers of smoking, the ozone layer, effects of acid rain and climate change. The evidence is there. Smoking does kill. Acid rain is caused by pollution. The glaciers are melting and the seas are rising due to the effects of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. I am not shocked that many scientists and tobacco companies have lied to us over the years about their products and their effects. I can remember less than 5 years ago, reading a magazine with that had a Newport cigarette ad. The ad had a...
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...The film “An Inconvenient Truth” is a documentary film about global warming. Al Gore discusses the scientific opinion on climate change, as well as the present and future effects of global warming. The warming of the earth is caused by the green house gasses preventing the sun’s heat to escape from the earth’s atmosphere. That’s the elementary explanation of Global Warming by the movie. Al Gore describes the consequences he believes global climate change will produce if the amount of human-generated greenhouse gases is not significantly reduced in the very near future. Some is the collapse and melting of the major ice sheets in the world, which Gore showing some illustrations, before-and-after photographs of glaciers, which will soon cause the sea level to rise, and flood some regions near coastal areas (e.g. New York, China, New Zealand. etc.) and this will cause over 100 million refugees. Also, the melt water from Greenland because of its lower salinity, could then halt the currents that keep northern Europe warm and quickly trigger dramatic local cooling there. Some of the consequences also are the, much stronger typhoon and hurricanes, stronger and often earthquakes, more kinds of epidemics, drought, etc. and this will cause a disaster of our earth. The issue regarding the “Inconvenience”, of the film Inconvenient Truth, is the interception of Gore’s journal about global warming. The truth behind global warming by Al Gore and his crew, composed of top scientists, was rejected...
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...1. If on the subject of climate change with another person and that person mentions that climate change is a natural cycle and not caused by humans, I would somewhat have to agree with them. I would agree with them that climate change is a natural cycle, but humans are very much so influencing it. In fact, I would point them to Katherine Hayhoe’s YouTube series where she talks all about it. She mentions in the videos that the climate does go through cycles of colder and warmer temperatures, but because of humans, the cycle has changed. Physicists have concluded that out climate should be close to 60 degrees cooler than what it is now, and in fact we should be heading toward our next ice age. What is even more bizarre, is that the process of...
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...vote of ‘not guilty’. The movie provides many examples of persuasive speaking, group communication and conflict, and different communication climates. In the movie Henry Fonda’s character made good use of his persuasive speaking skills. He personally had nothing to gain from either verdict, but found the ease with which the others were willing to sentence a young man to death disconcerting. He was firm, but not confrontational when he gave his reasons for voting not guilty. He simply said that he was not convinced ‘beyond a reasonable doubt’ that the boy had committed the crime and asked that they review the evidence. With each piece of cosmetically ‘concrete’ evidence he discredited, he slowly placed doubt within the minds of his fellow jurors. He never out-right said he thought that the defendant was innocent, only that he believed there to be some doubt as to the certainty of his guilt. “It's always difficult to keep personal prejudice out of a thing like this. And wherever you run into it, prejudice always obscures the truth. I don't really know what the truth is. I don't suppose anybody will ever really know. Nine of us now seem to feel that the defendant is innocent, but we're just gambling on probabilities - we may be wrong. We may be trying to let a guilty man go free, I don't know. Nobody really can. But we have a reasonable doubt, and that's...
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...In the book “A Long Walk to Water” by Linda Sue Park, the main character goes through a lot of loss and gains hope and persistence which he learns will be necessary to succeed. This included loss of loved ones, harsh changes in the weather, and the doubt of his ability which this helped him move through his long journey. In Linda Sue Parks book, the main characters deal with these obstacles, and other plot events by using hope and persistence which illustrates the main idea of the book; “A Long Walk to Water”. Facing the loss of loved ones and the doubt put on your ability is hard to deal with. Especially in the book, “A Long Walk to Water”. According to Linda Sue Park’s book, “A Long Walk to Water”, in chapter 11 page 65-66 it says, “Marial...
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...4.10 Climate change impacts on water quality In developing countries, the biological quality of water is poor due to the lack of sanitation and proper treatment methods and poor health conditions (WHO, 2004). Vulnerabilities are related to a lack of relevant information. The Freshwater chapter in the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (Kundzewicz et al., 2007) was unable to consider the impacts of climate change on water quality in great detail. Estimated changes in air temperature and rainfall could influence river flows and, consequently, the mobility and strength of contaminants. Amplified water temperatures will affect chemical reaction kinetics and, combined with deteriorations in quality, freshwater ecological status. With increased flows there will be changes in stream power and...
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...Causes of Climate Change Climate change is a long-term shift in weather conditions identified by changes in temperature, precipitation, winds, and other indicators. Climate change can involve both changes in average conditions and changes in variability, including, for example, extreme events. The earth's climate is naturally variable on all time scales. Factors that cause climate change can be divided into two categories - those related to natural processes and those related to human activity Natural Causes The Earth's climate can be affected by natural factors that are external to the climate system, such as changes in volcanic activity, solar output, and the Earth's orbit around the Sun. Human Causes Very few people doubt that it is normal for there to be climate change. The rotation of the earth on a tilted axis leads to this, as well many natural events, like volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and hurricanes. However, human activities are having a much greater impact on climate change. For example, the jump in earths’ population from 1950 through 1985 more than doubled from 2.5 billion to over 5 billion. (Meyer, 1996: 24) The importance of this growth is a drain on the Earths’ resources causing even more altering. It is not as much the altering of these resources that are causing climate change but the type of human activities which are taking place, and the way in which they are impacting the climate. The earth is naturally surrounded by gases the added human processes...
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...The film “An Inconvenient Truth” is a documentary film about global warming. Al Gore discusses the scientific opinion on climate change, as well as the present and future effects of global warming. The warming of the earth is caused by the green house gasses preventing the sun’s heat to escape from the earth’s atmosphere. That’s the elementary explanation of Global Warming by the movie. Al Gore describes the consequences he believes global climate change will produce if the amount of human-generated greenhouse gases is not significantly reduced in the very near future. Some is the collapse and melting of the major ice sheets in the world, which Gore showing some illustrations, before-and-after photographs of glaciers, which will soon cause the sea level to rise, and flood some regions near coastal areas (e.g. New York, China, New Zealand. etc.) and this will cause over 100 million refugees. Also, the melt water from Greenland because of its lower salinity, could then halt the currents that keep northern Europe warm and quickly trigger dramatic local cooling there. Some of the consequences also are the, much stronger typhoon and hurricanes, stronger and often earthquakes, more kinds of epidemics, drought, etc. and this will cause a disaster of our earth. The issue regarding the “Inconvenience”, of the film Inconvenient Truth, is the interception of Gore’s journal about global warming. The truth behind global warming by Al Gore and his crew, composed of top scientists, was rejected...
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...All forces of the whole planet meeting together to arrive at some common decision concerning the future of mankind is, no doubt, an epoch in the life of the society. Especially considering the fact that it is not about the industrial strategies or further space exploration but about safety and confidence in future of the human beings. Kyoto protocol, presenting definite steps in fighting the threat for the people, at the same time became an international phenomenon which showed how all spheres of human life are connected with each other in the era of global information. First of all, its main benefit justified itself in the next few days after its adoption. The authorities at last tackle the problems of globalization or at least admit the existence of such. This cooperation became of public awareness and it is quite vivid now to everyone that problems of global climate change are not someone's smart myth but a real fact that has drawn attention of the mighty of this world. Another advantage of the Kyoto protocol is that it really works. According to the official statistics nearly half of the countries that are fully or partially obligated to it have really reduced emissions of carbon dioxide by some percent. Cutting the amount of pollution in the atmosphere will certainly have a positive effect even if human activity has nothing to do with climate change. It will certainly reduce the number of diseases caught due to bad ecology. Alongside with definite advantages of the...
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...Science of Uncertainty and Climate Science Even with researches on global warming starting as early as 1965, global warming is still hotly debated. At the present, almost all scientist acknowledge that the earth is warming up mainly due to human activities, but the public still somehow remain skeptical (Oreskes 169). Now that why global warming is even worth debating is a question for another day, but here we will discuss how the appeal in climate science as well as clarifying the several facts Bret Stephens gravely mistaken. In the scientific community, Hempel once suggested an idea in his 1965 essay, that no evidence can establish a hypothesis with certainty, and believing in a hypothesis will make one suspect to “inductive risk”, that is,...
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...Global Climate Destabilization What comes to mind when you think of death? Or what are some of the possible ways that large groups of people may die from? Have you ever thought of being killed through a way that you wouldn’t have died otherwise such as cancer, famine, storms, floods, droughts or epidemics? And the list goes on and on. Well, what if all these probabilities could be part of what global warming can do. Terrifying is in it? As the earth’s population multiply and human activities increase causing the earth’s temperature to rise, can we say that humanity is in charge of the fate of the human race? Because the problem of global warming is increasing so rapidly around the globe, we must develop a policy instantly; we pay no attention to our danger. Global warming or the increase of the earth’s temperature is caused by the amount of different gases released into the atmosphere. Some of these gases include water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane and ozone which trap heat rays produced by the sun from radiating back into outer space. As this occurs, the temperature of the planet rises and thus we get the term called “The Greenhouse Effect.” Additionally, ever since the Industrial Revolution there has been an increment in the emission of greenhouse gases (mainly carbon dioxide), in the proportion to industrial expansion (Osaka Prefecture, n.d, para. 2). This industrial expansion began roughly between the 18th and 19th centuries and as a result, these different...
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...rhetoric from the hard facts (known or not). According to the EPA’s “Climate Change Risks and State Adaptation” web-page, climate change is steadily affecting water, energy, ecosystems, agriculture and your health and transportation. (United States Environmental Protection Agency, n.d.). It is up to each state to save itself the best way it sees fit in anticipation of the inevitable increase in heat waves, flash floods, heavy rains and the rising sea level. Everything from an energy curfew, cap and trade, incentives for running a low GHG business and having funding to research more efficient ways to do business and have a lesser impact. On the other side of the debate you have scientists that say global warming is a natural part of the evolutionary cycle of nature, or that it is not occurring at all. In the 60s and 70s some scientists insisted that global cooling was happening (it reminds me of the twilight zone episode from 1961, “The Midnight Sun”). Most recently you have the co-founder of the Weather Channel John Coleman come out on a national news network and say global warming is a myth. He then goes on the say the polar ice caps are at their highest in years and the polar bears are happy in their winter wonderland. (Explaining climate change science & rebutting global warming misinformation, n.d.). Regardless of whether you agree or disagree that global warming is a threat, it is without a doubt that humans and the waste was made in our homes...
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...The Pacific islands are without a doubt one of the world’s most vulnerable nations when it comes to sustainability impacts of climate change. There are several low-lying coral islands which some are already suffering from disaster as the ocean waters have claimed much of their island. For instance, Kiribati only lying 6 meters above sea water, who knows what Kiribati’s future is. One of the affects of climate change is the social impact on towns. For example if Samoa was forced to leave to another island/home where they didn’t have coconut trees they would be losing a massive part of their traditional culture. The coconut trees were not only used for food but clothing, shoes, making nets etc. therefore there is loss of traditional culture. People will move to other countries and will have to adapt to new environments and this affects people's everyday lives. The environmental impacts of climate change are possible increases of sea level and temperature of the water which would result in flooding of the crop lands causing famine and starvation. Salt water would pollute the fresh water rivers and wells. This will mean villages and wild animals would have to move to different areas of the island in search of fresh water. Also with climates changing cyclones are not appearing as often as in the 1970’s, but are gaining more power and are doing more damage. For example Cyclone Pam which struck Tuvalu, Fiji , Kiribati, Vanuatu and many other Pacific nations where over...
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...There is now little doubt that global warming and climate change are the result of human activity. This has happened because of a failure in policy by governments and a lack of concern for wasted energy by individuals. It is almost universally accepted that climate change is the of a number of environmental failings. Perhaps the most important of these is how fuels such as gas and coal are still the main source of power. This is a problem because their use means that a large amount of CO2 is into the atmosphere the effect. Another serious issue is how illegal continues in rainforests and the Amazon Basin in particular. It should also not be forgotten that there is a between global warming and the inefficient use of energy by consumers in the home. While governments must take prime responsibility for reducing climate change, individuals too can play a part. Political leaders across the globe to cooperate so that research into forms of energy such as wind and solar power is properly funded and the use of coal and gas in power is phased out. They must also of course ensure that regulations against logging are properly enforced. Consumers of energy can help by insulating their homes properly and using panels where possible so that less energy is required and wasted. These actions limit the amount of CO2 in the and so reduce the greenhouse effect. In conclusion, while global warming is a serious threat to humanity, there are a number of steps that can be taken...
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