...Poverty Context Analysis of Fisherfolk Communities at Sitakunda 1. Context Analysis: Fisheries play an important role in the economy of Bangladesh in terms of nutrition, employment and income generation. The World Bank and the Bangladesh Centre for Advanced Studies (1998) state in their publication ‘Bangladesh 2020’, that 80 percent of the population’s animal protein comes from fish. Despite the fact that the fishing industry accounts for only 8 percent of agricultural GDP, its employment potential is considered vast. It is estimated that the sector fully employs approximately 1.5 million people and provides part-time employment for an additional 11 million (The World Bank and the Bangladesh Centre for Advanced Studies, 1998). According to Habib (1999), the fisheries industry contributes employment to 12% of the total working population in various forms of livelihoods activities. In the mid 1990s fisheries contributed about 10 percent of Bangladesh’s export earnings. The Meghna Estuary Study (May 1998, first draft) estimates the population living in coastal marine fishing villages at the end of the 20th Century at 7.3 million. According to the same source, in these areas fishing is the main income earning activity for 350,000 households (i.e. 22%), and 96,000 boats are operated by 350,000 fishermen. “Traditionally, it was the low caste Hindus who engaged in the fishing profession: the Jaladas, the Malos, the Malla Burmans, all popularly known as the Jeles, the Naiyas or...
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...Coastal Resources Management, Policy and Planning In Bangladesh Md. Masudur Rahman, Zubair Ahmed Chowdhury and Md. Nasir Uddin Sada Department of Fisheries Bangladesh Rahman M.M, Z.A Chowdhury and M.N.U Sada. 2003. Coastal resources management, policy and planning in Bangladesh, p. 689 - 756. In G. Silvestre, L. Garces, I. Stobutzki, M. Ahmed, R.A. Valmonte-Santos, C. Luna, L. Lachica-Aliño, P. Munro, V. Christensen and D. Pauly (eds.) Assessment, Management and Future Directions for Coastal Fisheries in Asian Countries. WorldFish Center Conference Proceeding 67, 1 120 p. Abstract This paper reviews the coastal fishery resources of Bangladesh emphasizing the coastal environment, capture fisheries and management issues relative to the sector. Bangladesh’s Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) covers an area of about 166 000 km2. This area has abundant natural resources such as fish, shrimps, crabs and other marine products. Shrimp and fish trawling is the most important economic activity in this area. The fishery sector makes a significant contribution to the national economy in terms of foreign exchange, income generation and employment. It is very important in nutrition, especially in providing animal protein. In 1997 - 99, the marine fisheries sector contributed 22% of the total fishery production of 1 373 000 t. However, the resources are being destroyed in many ways. The fisheries resources have declined and fishers are getting poorer. The decline is partly due to estuarine...
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...the US Environment Protection Agency, since the ocean largely regulates the climate, changes in ocean temperatures and currents are already altering the frequency, intensity and distribution of storms, floods and heat waves, and the amount and distribution of rainfall. The coastal waters have warmed during the last century, and are very likely to continue to get warmer by as much as 4 to 8°F in the 21st century. This warming may lead to significant changes in coastal ecosystems, affecting species that inhabit these areas. Warming coastal waters may cause temperature-sensitive species to migrate northward. Other species may be forced to migrate as well due to the growing competition for limited resources with the northward species. Higher sea surface temperatures and ocean acidification would likewise increase the risks of coral bleaching events that can lead to loss of critical habitat. A more acidic ocean would adversely affect the health of many marine species (2014). Climate change will also likely bring heavier rainfall and more precipitation to some coastal areas. This could lead to increases in runoff and flooding which that, in turn, would threaten the health and quality of coastal waters. Other coastal areas may experience decreases in precipitation which can affect water salinity. Droughts will reduce fresh water input into tidal rivers and bays, raising salinity in estuaries and allowing salt water to mix further upstream (USEPA, 2014). Rising sea levels could also increase...
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...Erosion happens when the sea rises higher and takes away the sand from the beach. And Coastal communities will face different problems to inland communities, and people living in towns will experience different changes to those living in remote rural areas. The Sea Level Rise Low-lying communities in Solomon Islands are very vulnerable to sea level rise. Scientists predict that sea level will rise by as much as 1 metre by 2100. As the sea level rises, problems such as erosion will become worse, possibly causing damage to roads, houses, gravesites and other infrastructure. For example figure 6, Malakarava village in Gizo have discovered that protective works along the shoreline have already been eroded and part of the road has already been washed out (Initial National Communication, 1998). Although, there is no available data to support the claim, the estimate is done based on reliable information gathered from village elders. Prevalence of easterly sea breezes is responsible for the erosion of the eastern coasts. These easterlies cause waves and currents to attack the coasts, generally shifting sediment southward down the eastern coasts (Rearic, 1991) Climate change and seal level rise will definitely increase coastal erosions including mangrove flats especially along the coastal zones of small islands because of more frequent and intensive waves and higher sea level...
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...Empowerment of Coastal Fishing Communities for Livelihood Security GOB/UNDP/FAO Project: BGD/97/017 Community Empowerment Abu Nashir Khan Fisheries Officer (Marine) Introduction: The report is structured as follows. The background information of “ Empowerment of the Coastal Fishing Communities for Livelihood ” project is first followed by justification of the report. The implementation of the process is described next. It also explores the best practices regarding community empowerment of the ECFC project. Background: The project works with the coastal fishing communities who are exposed to multiple vulnerabilities that determine their current condition of poverty and threaten their future. Though the project started functioning from December 2000 most of the field activities were launched in January 2001 onwards. The project is considered to be an innovative effort at evolving a partnership among GoB agencies, NGOs, fishing communities and the private sector for providing services at the doorsteps of the communities to empower them and encourage the community thus prepared to contribute to regeneration of coastal fisheries resources for their own sustainable livelihoods. The Empowerment of Coastal Fishing Communities For Livelihood Security project aims to enable and facilitate participatory community-based fisheries co-management and sustainable human development in coastal fishing communities of selected Upazilla of Cox’s Bazar District, through awareness...
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...economically important coastal wetlands. These ecosystems provide multiple services to coastal communities including, provision of forestry and fishery products such as food, fuel wood, medicines, and wood products (Bandaranayake 1998, Sathirathai and Barbier 2001, Hussain and Badola 2010, Brander et al. 2012). Various types of mangrove resources extraction for both basic subsistence and commercial commodities have been practiced by local people for decades (Sathirathai and Barbier 2001, Glaser 2003). These practices had contributed significantly to the sustainability and resilience of local economies (Hussain and Badola 2010, Uddin et al. 2013). As an illustration, the natural mangroves of Bitharkanika Conservation Area, in East Coast of India, were contributed to nearly 15 % of the total surrounding household income with an estimated use of around US$ 107 households-1 year-1 (Hussain and Badola 2010). Furthermore the Buswang community led replanted mangrove in the Philippine supported local...
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...The Pacific Northwest is an admirable range, with a discrete climate that is elaborate in an fortune of natural resources. The division allows excellent opportunities to partake the wild salmon and to discover the gray whale, which returns annually to the Washington State coastal region during migration, the feeding and producing season. The gray whale travels 10,000 to 14,000 miles each year to its initial territory along the open waters, including the northwest tip of what is known as Neah Bay. Borded by the Pacific Ocean and featuring steep, unleveled cliffs, green forests, and clean air, Neah Bay is also home to the Makah Nation. The Makah have returned to whale hunting, a tradition that dates back 2,000 years and which, is not supported...
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...Pollution Bulletin 66 (2013) 117–124 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Marine Pollution Bulletin journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/marpolbul Impacts of marine debris on wild animals in the coastal area of Korea Sunwook Hong a,f, Jongmyoung Lee a,f,⇑, Yong Chang Jang a, Young Jun Kim b, Hee Jong Kim c, Donguk Han d, Sang Hee Hong e, Daeseok Kang f, Won Joon Shim e a Our Sea of East Asia Network, 722 Leadersvill 1570-8, Jukrim, Gwangdo, Tongyeong, Gyeongnam 650-826, South Korea Chungnam Wild Animal Rescue Center, 1 Dehoi, Yesaneup, Yesan County, Chungnam 340-702, South Korea c Migratory Birds Center of National Park Research Institute, Hongdo, Heuksan, Shinan, Jeonnam 535-916, South Korea d PGA Wetland Ecology Institute, 240-2, Dejang, Deokyang, Goyang City, Gyeonggi 412-250, South Korea e Oil & POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, 391 Jangmok-myon, Geoje 656-834, South Korea f Pukyong National University, 45, Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan 608-737, South Korea b a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Marine debris Entanglement Ingestion Threatened species Recreational fishing gear a b s t r a c t Over the last decade, marine debris has become a major factor affecting the coastal ecosystem of Korea. This study compiled information regarding how marine debris impacts wildlife in Korea. Cases of marine debris impacting wildlife were collected from experts of various fields and from local participants ...
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...information contact Mark Vos, tel: + 31 6 21 544 344 or markvos@crawco.nl Aquaculture Asia is an autonomous publication that gives people in developing countries a voice. The views and opinions expressed herein are those of the contributors and do not represent the policies or position of NACA. Editorial Board Wing-Keong Ng M.C. Nandeesha Editor Simon Wilkinson simon@enaca.org Editorial Assistant Phinyada Sompuech Editorial Consultant Pedro Bueno NACA An intergovernmental organization that promotes rural development through sustainable aquaculture. NACA seeks to improve rural income, increase food production and foreign exchange earnings and to diversify farm production. The ultimate beneficiaries of NACA activities are farmers and rural communities. Contact The Editor, Aquaculture Asia PO Box 1040 Kasetsart Post Office Bangkok 10903, Thailand Tel +66-2 561 1728 Fax +66-2 561 1727 Email: magazine@enaca.org Website http://www.enaca.org Printed by Scand-Media Co., Ltd. Volume XIII No. 2 April-June 2008 Standards for catfish aquaculture ISSN 0859-600X The development of aquaculture standards is back in fashion. At the centre of attention is the Vietnamese catfish industry, which has emerged from the ‘catfish...
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...CREATE Research Archive Non-published Research Reports 2007 A Brief Analysis of Threats and Vulnerabilities in the Maritime Domain Niyazi Onur Bakir CREATE, nbakir@usc.edu Follow this and additional works at: http://research.create.usc.edu/nonpublished_reports Recommended Citation Bakir, Niyazi Onur, "A Brief Analysis of Threats and Vulnerabilities in the Maritime Domain" (2007). Non-published Research Reports. Paper 5. http://research.create.usc.edu/nonpublished_reports/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by CREATE Research Archive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Non-published Research Reports by an authorized administrator of CREATE Research Archive. For more information, please contact gribben@usc.edu. A BRIEF ANALYSIS OF THREATS AND VULNERABILITIES IN THE MARITIME DOMAIN1 N.O. BAKIR University of Southern California, Center for Risk and Economic Analysis of Terrorism Events (CREATE) 3710 McClintock Avenue, RTH 322, Los Angeles, CA 90089-2902 USA Abstract The attacks of September 11 have exposed the vulnerability of the American homeland against terrorism. Terrorists have already expressed their intentions to continue their aggression towards United States. Their goal is to incur maximum economic damage, inflict mass casualty, spread unprecedented fear among citizens and thus destabilize the nation to further their agenda. Many critical sites lay across US maritime borders, all of which could be potential targets to accomplish these goals...
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...Neolithic Subsistence Strategies in the UAE Student Name: Institution Affiliation: Neolithic Subsistence Strategies in the UAE The Neolithic Age (New Stone Age) refers to the age from about 12,000 BC to about 8000 BC. It is during this time that people settled in communities and civilization began to emerge. This period was a full transition from a food gathering to a food processing society. It involved a transition from foraging and hunting to the domestication of animals. There are various factors distinguishing Neolithic period from Paleolithic and Mesolithic cultures. They mainly include creating tools and weapons made from horns and stones, the introduction of metal tool, the dependence on domesticated plants and animals, settlement in permanent small villages and the appearance of such crafts as pottery and weaving. This article compares and contrasts how the Neolithic people use a number of strategies in New Stone Age. The New Stone Age followed Paleolithic Period and it precedes the Bronze Age. During the Neolithic Age, different kinds of animals were tamed, which showed their relationship with the humans just as in the Old Stone Age. For example, first, dogs were wolves that hunted the humans at their campgrounds. They came to realize later that the wolf puppies could be tamed and coached to hunt other wild animals. The dog’s strains that grew eventually showed skills in controlling herds like sheep. In addition, the...
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...Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Manuals and Guides 52 Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission TSUNAMI RISK ASSESSMENT ANDMITIGATION FOR THE INDIAN OCEAN KNOWING YOUR TSUNAMI RISK – AND WHAT TO DO ABOUT IT June 2009 UNESCO 1 Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Manuals and Guides 52 knowing your tsunami risk – and what to do about it Tsunami risk assessment and mitigation for the Indian Ocean; The designation employed and the presentation of material throughout the publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO in particular concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or the delineation of its frontiers or boundaries. The authors are responsible for the choice and the presentation of the facts contained in this manual and for the opinions expressed therein, which are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization. Designer: Eric Loddé For bibliographic purposes, this document should be cited as follows: Tsunami risk assessment and mitigation for the Indian Ocean; knowing your tsunami risk – and what to do about it IOC Manual and Guides No. 52, Paris: UNESCO, 2007 (English). Printed by UNESCO (IOC/2009/MG/52) © UNESCO IOC 2009 Tsunami risk assessment and mitigation for the Indian Ocean; knowing your tsunami risk – and what to do about it 3 Table of contents Acknowledgement ...........................................
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...pays a high price for these losses from the time they have to replace their nets to the pulling of old nets and trash out of their new nets on a regular basis. When questioned about the effects of marine debris on their fishing activities, Shetland fishermen responded that 92% had recurring problems with accumulated debris in nets, 69% had had their catch contaminated by debris and 92% had snagged their nets on debris on the seabed. Many also experienced fouled propellers and blocked intake pipes. On average, 1-2 hours per week were spent clearing debris from nets. Debris could cause a restricted catch and many boats avoided particular fishing areas altogether due to the high concentrations of debris. It has gotten to the point for many fishers that they can no longer fish certain areas known to be well stocked with money fish due to the time consuming issues with trash and fishing debris in those specific waters due to left behind gear. Ultimately their carelessness or specifically their loss of equipment into their own favorite fishing area and their not having the foresight to recognize that they need a way to retrieve their gear quickly and efficiently at that time causes them to eventually lose that area permanently due to loss of time extracting their own trash from their replacement gear. If the fishing industry would clean up...
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...November 2010 [pic] Contents Executive summary 5 1. Introduction 8 2. Value chain analysis 9 2.1. The general value chain concept 9 2.2. The value chain concept applied to fisheries and aquaculture 11 2.3. Conclusions about using the value chain analysis 14 3. The international seafood industry and Africa’s place in it 16 3.1. African seafood exports and imports 18 3.2. Main destinations 20 3.3. Imports 21 3.4. Value addition in Africa 21 4. Studies where value chain analysis has been used 22 4.1. Revenue distribution through the seafood value chain 23 4.2. Lake Victoria Nile perch fishery, Tanzania 25 4.3. Pelagic fishery in Morocco 32 4.4. Value addition opportunities in the Namibian seafood industry 38 4.5. Ugandan Nile perch quality management and certification 41 4.6. The Kenya capture fisheries value chain 45 4.7. Nigerian domestic catfish production 50 4.8. Gender analysis of aquaculture value chain in Nigeria and Vietnam 54 4.9. Private sector applications of value chain analysis 60 5. On-going value chain analysis studies 68 5.1. Value chain analysis of international fish trade and food security 68 5.2. Ghana: Value Chain and Cost Earnings Analysis 69 6. Example from Asia: Analysis of the fishery sector in Sri Lanka 70 6.1. Value chain summary 71 6.2. Production 71 6.3. Ownership and collective...
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...But, instead of being a disadvantage, the limitations provided ancient Greece with stronger, well-developed communities. Adding to that are the seas that connect Greece with each other and the whole world. The seas provided Greeks with wider perspectives about other cultures and encouraged them to find ways on how to properly utilize their limited resources. It just affirms that geography, in one way or another, shaped and affected the ancient Greek...
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