...macro-forces of an industry will be analysed, continuing on to compare the marketing mix of two organisations within that industry. All organisations - with their suppliers, customers, competitors, and publics - have a macroenvironment. This environment consists of macro forces that act on and affect the organisation and are generally outside their control, as opposed to the micro forces which also affect the organisation, but are generally under their control. The marketing mix is the term used to describe how an organisation goes about developing a product and selling it to the market. The industry chosen is soft drinks which industry falls into the category of fast-moving-consumable-goods (FMCG's), as it is a product that is consumed, and is fast-moving. These won't sit in a supermarket or convenient store for long, as they are constantly being purchased. Other examples of a 'FMCG' are canned foods, ice cream, soup, cereal, potato chips and a whole lot more. Part 1 There are six main macro forces making up the "macroenvironment." These are: • The demographic environment - which is the study of human populations in terms of size, density, location, age, sex, race, and occupation 1. Studies in this area, for example, can show the changing age structure, which is necessary, as marketeers need to understand who makes up the market, thus allowing them to make the most effective decisions for the marketing mix. • The economic environment ' which has an effect on consumer...
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...Introduction Company Overview Coca-Cola is the most recognized brand name in the world. Through the world’s largest beverage distribution system, consumers in more than 200 countries enjoy the Company’s beverages at a rate of 1.6 billion servings a day. Their product portfolio includes sparkling beverages such as Coca-Cola®, Coke Zero™, Diet Coke®, Sprite® and Fanta®, and still beverages, such as juice and juice drinks, waters, enhanced water, sports and energy drinks, teas, coffees, dairy and soy-based drinks, and beverages with added nutritional benefits. The Coca-Cola Company, along with more than 300 bottling partners worldwide, provides more than 3,300 beverage products in more than 200 countries in which Coca Cola company operates. Their global system includes approximately 700,000 associates and its headquarters are in Atlanta, Georgia. The company segmented the whole market using geographical parameters into three segments: * Established countries: Austria, Greece, Italy, Cyprus, Northern Ireland, Republic of Ireland and Switzerland. * Developing countries: Croatia, Hungary, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, The Czech Republic, Slovenia and Slovakia. * Emerging countries: Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republic of Macedonia, Bulgaria, Armenia, Moldova. Montenegro, Nigeria, Romania, Russia, Serbia and Ukraine. The segmentation for the segments is based on different criteria: * Socio-economic similarities * GDP per capita * Consumption of...
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...The Marketing Review, 2003, 3, 289-309 www.themarketingreview.com Demetris Vrontis1 and Iain Sharp2 Manchester Metropolitan University Business School and Legal and General The Strategic Positioning of Coca-Cola in their Global Marketing Operation Examines how Coca-Cola has strategically positioned it self within the world’s soft drinks market. Given that they operate in over 200 countries, they are faced with a clear choice of whether to standardise their product offerings globally and reap the potential benefits of economies of scale, adapt their offerings to a particular market (which may facilitate increased market specific penetration), or adopt an integrated approach utilising both approaches simultaneously (Vrontis’ AdaptStand approach). There has been much literature written regarding the external and often uncontrollable factors which may impact upon a firms positioning strategy; this paper looks at these externalities and the internal controllables in order to derive a ‘best fit’ strategic and tactical approach. Moreover, this paper looks at the strategic international positioning of Coca-Cola by utilising a number of models. Keywords: Coca-Cola, global, international, strategy, positioning, adaptation, standardisation, AdaptStand, AdaptStandation, international, marketing, Introduction If we consider business to be akin to war, then perhaps there is no better starting point than the writings of Sun Tzu [circa 400-320 B.C.]. ‘The Art of ...
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...Chapter 01 Executive Summery This report looks in to the three products that have being selected .They're Coca Cola, pizza, Sony Ericsson. With aid of the information I've gathered, I have evaluated each product and analyzed their product levels and given reasons why I placed the characteristic of each product in that specific level, and explained how a marketer can use these to make product awareness. Then, I've placed the products in the tangibility continuum and I have the reasoned out why I placed each product in the tangibility continuum. The chosen service product is further analyzed and given methods of how to improve the tangibility of it. Chapter 02 Product levels Introduction of 5 product levels In the 1960's, the economist Philip Kotler changed the perception of marketing. He described what marketing is rather than what marketers do, thereby changing marketing from a departmental specialization into a corporate wide doctrine. For Kotler, marketing was a 'social process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and value with others'. For him, a product is more than physical. A product is anything that can be offered to a market for attention, acquisition, or use, or something that can satisfy a need or want. Therefore, a product can be a physical good, a service, a retail store, a person, an organization, a place or even an idea. Products are the means to an end wherein the end is the satisfaction...
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...Cultural Impact on Business: A Case Study on Coca Cola’s Cultural Issues in India admin August 20, 2012 Blog No comments Socio Cultural barriers faced by coca cola in India Coca – cola, the world’s largest selling soft drink company had established its strong presence in the world since 1886. Coca-Cola is the first international soft drink brand to enter the Indian market in the early 1970’s. Till 1977 Coca-Cola was the leading brand in India; later, due to FERA (Foreign Exchange Regulation Act), they left India and didn’t return till 1993. Coca-Cola had to face many issues regarding its quality, resource exploitation and market exploitation along with price-quality trade-offs. People all over India are challenging Coca-Cola for its abuse of water resource. Coca-Cola had affected both quality and quantity of ground water. Due to its waste extracts, Coca-Cola was criticized for polluting the nearby fresh water and ground water and soil; because of this issue, farmers are suffering from water scarcity. Despite all these social and cultural issues, customers are using Coca-Cola due to its strong brand reputation all over the world. This is because Indians are now using more soft drinks and the youngsters are more in this category. However, with many studies and policy changes, Coca-Cola will be able to establish its brand reputation and increase its market share in the near future. This report is prepared from an organizational point of view. The point here is to prepare a report...
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...SOCIO CULTURAL BARRIERS FACED BY COCA-COLA IN INDIA AND SOLUTIONS TO OVERCOME THE ISSUES CONTENTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3 2. TERMS OF REFERENCE 3 3. CURRENT SCENARIO 3 4. ANALYSIS OF THE SITUATION 4 4.1. STRENGTH 5 4.2. WEEKNESS 5 4.3. OPPORTUNITIES 5 4.4. THREATS 5 5. SOLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 6 5.1. PUBLIC RELATIONS 6 5.2. ENHANCE RELATIONSHIP WITH GOVERNMENT 6 5.3. LAUNCH MARKETING CAMPAIGNS 7 5.4. LISTEN TO THE CUSTOMERS 7 5.5. MANAGING STYLE 7 5.6. PULL BACK PRICE- QUALITY TRADE –OFF PLANS 7 6. SUGGESTIONS 8 7. FORECASTS AND PREDICTIONS 9 8. CONCLUSION 9 9. REFERENCES 10 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Coca – cola, the world’s largest selling soft drink company had established its strong presence in the world since 1886. Coca-Cola is the first international soft drink brand to enter the Indian market in the early 1970’s. Till 1977 Coca-Cola was the leading brand in India; later, due to FERA (Foreign Exchange Regulation Act), they left India and didn’t return till 1993. Coca-Cola had to face many issues regarding its quality, resource exploitation and market exploitation along with price-quality trade-offs. People all over India are challenging Coca-Cola for its abuse of water resource. Coca-Cola had affected both quality and quantity of ground water. Due to its waste extracts, Coca-Cola was criticized for polluting the nearby fresh water and ground water and soil; because of this issue, farmers...
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...Managing Hotel Brand Equity Summary: This research article examines what constitutes brand equity in the hotel industry and demonstrates a method for how that brand equity can be measured. It first states that the chief reason for building brand equity as the cornerstone for business success is that it helps offset competition by differentiating the product, allowing brand owners to charge a premium, and fostering customer loyalty. The brand embodies all that the business stands for. A brand’s strength develops over a long period of time, and a strong brand is expensive to create. Managing brand equity is made increasingly difficult by the rapid proliferation of new brands, dramatic increases in media costs, the more extensive and aggressive use of promotions by established firms, and the cost and difficulty of obtaining distribution. Brands are a quick way for hotels and hotel chains to identify and differentiate themselves in the minds of the customers. The favorable or unfavorable attitudes and perceptions that are formed and influence a customer to book at a hotel brand represent the brand equity. A guest’s good experience with a hotel brand builds brand equity, while a bad experience erodes that brand equity. A person does not need first-hand experience with the brand to form an impression of a brand, though, for brand equity is formed among non-users by exposure to media messages or by word-of-mouth. Brand equity is a measure derived from a range of customer-satisfaction...
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...PROJECT REPORT On MARKETING STRATEGIES OF COCA COLA Submitted By – Name : Pinak Paul MANAV RACHNA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am sincerely thankful to Miss Kanupriya (Project Faculty Guide), under whose guidance I have successfully completed this project and time spent with her had been a great learning experience. I think her constant encouragement, warm responses and for filling every gap with valuable ideas has made this project successful. She made it possible for me to put all my theoretical knowledge to work out on the topic: “MARKETING STRATEGIES OF COCA COLA. A mammoth project of this nature calls for intellectual nourishment, professional help and encouragement from many people. We are highly thankful to all of them for their help and encouragement. We wish to acknowledge our great debt to all of them whose ideas and contribution influenced me to complete the project work. TABLE OF CONTENT 1. TITLE PAGE 2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 3. INTRODUCTION 4. INDUSTRY PROFILE 5. COMPANY PROFILE 6. PORTER'S FIVE FORCES 7. PEST ANALYSIS 8. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES & METHODOLOGY 9. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 10. PRIMARY FINDINGS & ANALYSIS 11. CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION 12. BIBLIOGRAPHY 13. ANNEXURE INTRODUCTION This project is focused on studying the various marketing strategies of Coca-Cola and the scenario of Indian soft drink industry in the 1990’s. Coca-Cola Co., the global soft...
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...that international marketers group relevant markets based on both environmental as well as marketing management bases. The marketing management bases are classified as: (1) product-related; (2) promotion-related; (3) price-related; and (4) distribution-related Compare and contrast standardization with customization of international marketing strategies. The notion of globalization - a global firm pursuing a global strategy - is very appealing to managers. (Hardy, 1994, p365). As soon as the firms decide to expand into the global marketplace, the international marketing manager should determine what strategy would be adopted to mix the four P's of marketing: product, pricing, promotion, and place in the complex environment in future. In other words, the manager must decide either the standardisation strategy or customization strategy is suitable for the particular foreign market. 1.The meanings of standardization and customization strategies Standardization became a popular buzzword in the 1980s, as proponents such as Kenichi Ohmate argued that customers in the Triad were becoming increasingly alike, with similar incomes, educational achievements, lifestyles, and aspirations. (Manoney, Trigg, Griffin, and Pustay, 1998, p612). Therefore, standardization strategy indicates that the firm tends to offer the similar products with same price and distribution to the consumers. Coca-Cola was one of the first international businesses to adopt this strategy and obtained a great achievement...
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...Task 1: Management and Leadership INTRODUCTION This report will discuss the performance of individuals and groups within organisations. It will investigate the connections among the structure and culture of organisations and how these work together and affect the performance of employees; it will also explain the effect of different leadership styles with in different organisations. A comparative analysis will also be inducted, using four companies namely British Airways, Southwest Airline, Coca Cola Company and Tesco. 1.1 Compare and contrast different organisational structures and culture. Organisational structures: “Organisational structure is transition to the continuum of commandment of an organisation and how each sections of this hierarchy work together to attain the aims and objectives of the organisation”.(Meese, 2012) An organisation structure is the way the business is set up. This includes lines of communication and span of control. It helps the business run effectively giving a visual picture of the organisation. Managers and employees are in charge with different task to complete and by completing their task they can improve organisation aims and objectives. There are different types of organisational structures such as tall and flat. A flat organisation has a small number of levels or just one level of management were the sequence of commandment is from the top to the bottom, it is short and the span of control is extensive. It can be suggested that British...
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...struggled with slowing growth and rocky transitions internationally as well as into urban areas of the northeastern United States. In a speech at the company's annual meeting this month, Wal-Mart chief executive Lee Scott outlined elements of the strategy and quoted Wal-Mart founder Sam Walton: "You can't just keep doing what works one time. Everything around you is always changing. To succeed, stay out in front of that change." Wooing the Baby Boomers Read More About... india, china, innovation, retail, supply chain Articles Follow the Sun: Predicting Population Growth in the U.S. Knowledge@Wharton Citigroup and Coca-Cola: Two Global Investors Share Their Experiences in Emerging Markets Knowledge@Wharton Are Emerging Markets Striking Back, or Out? The View from Investors Knowledge@Wharton [More results for: india] Articles Citigroup and Coca-Cola: Two Global Investors Share Their Experiences in Emerging Markets Knowledge@Wharton Are Emerging Markets Striking Back, or Out? The View from Investors Knowledge@Wharton If You Were in Charge, How Would You Market These Products? Knowledge@Wharton...
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...CCE and CCGB over * Average a 12-month period. About this Report CoRpoRAte ResponsibiLity And sustAinAbiLity RepoRt 2012/2013 1/24 CCe’s Corporate Responsibility and sustainability Report 2012/2013 is comprised of a series of 24 factsheets. About tHis RepoRt this is Coca-Cola enterprises’ (CCe’s) eighth annual Corporate Responsibility and sustainability (CRs) Report. it replaces CCe’s 2011/2012 CRs Report as the company’s most recent CRs disclosure and contains a full year of data from January 1, 2012 to december 31, 2012 for our business operations covering eight Western european territories: great britain, France and Monaco, belgium, Luxembourg, the netherlands, norway and sweden and our offices in the united states. it also includes some illustrative case studies and business activities from 2013. For news on CCe’s sustainability initiatives and further resources, see our website www.cokecce.com. RepoRting boundARies And stAndARds Unless otherwise indicated, the environmental and workplace data in this report covers all operations owned or controlled (production, sales/distribution, combination sales/production facilities, administrative offices and fleet) by Coca-Cola Enterprises. Our workplace, community and carbon data includes our administrative offices in the United States. Our carbon footprint is calculated in accordance with the WRI/WBCSD Greenhouse Gas Protocol and we use an operational consolidation approach to determine organizational boundaries...
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...is a beguiling illusion that completely glosses over the hard realities of national, ethnic and religious differences. It is therefore a dangerous fiction for the marketing manager to engage with.” Discuss, with examples. Introduction Globalization has made a more variety of products available for all consumers. In this sense, globalization increases differences, rather than generate homogenization (Lee & Usunier, 2009). Moreover, global influences are adapted to local circumstances; therefore, globalization results in an increasingly cultural diversity. The existence of a global consumer culture does not imply the disappearance of differences; rather, the modern culture results in the sum of these differences (Arnett, 2002). Global consumer culture (GCC) is a new stratum of common culture that superimpose on national cultures (Lee and Usunier, 2009) in the same way in which these overlap local traditions and subcultures existing within national boundaries, given the fact that most countries are already multicultural (Smith, 1991). Notably, it has been argued that culture is the most influential factor on consumer behaviour (Cleveland and Laroche, 2007); consequently, it is important to define the extent to which a modern global culture determine purchasing decisions, and these insights should inform marketing strategies. Therefore, the question is whether a GCC does exist, in which sense it should be interpreted, and how it does affect national cultures and consumers’ behaviour...
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...An Oracle White Paper June 2012 Seven Steps for Effective Leadership Development Seven Steps for Effective Leadership Development Introduction ....................................................................................... 1 Leadership Challenges in Business ................................................... 3 Elements of Leadership Development Programs ............................... 5 1. Determine the Best Leadership Style for Your Organization ...... 7 2. Identify Current and Potential Leaders Within the Company ...... 7 3. Identify Leadership Gaps ......................................................... 11 4. Develop Succession Plans for Critical Roles ........................... 12 5. Develop Career Planning Goals for Potential Leaders ............. 14 6. Develop a Skills Roadmap for Future Leaders ......................... 15 7. Develop Retention Programs for Current and Future Leaders . 18 Conclusion ...................................................................................... 19 Seven Steps for Effective Leadership Development Introduction The importance of business leadership is well articulated by this observation: A good leader can make a success of a weak business plan, but a poor leader can ruin even the best plan. That’s why developing effective leadership by using a consistent talent management program at all levels across the organization can return significant business value. To identify, attract, fill, and retain corporate leadership...
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...Chapter 1 Marketing – the process of creating distributing, promoting, and pricing goods, services, and ideas to facilitate satisfying exchange relationships with customers and develop and maintain favorable relationships with stakeholders in a dynamic environment. The essence of marketing is to develop satisfying exchange relationships from which both customers and marketers benefit. CUSTOMERS & TARGET MARKET • Customers ‐ the purchasers of organizations’ products; the focal point of all marketing elements Target Market ‐ the group of customers on which marketing efforts are focused This TD Ameritrade ad targets Generation X. It makes the customer think about their retirement in terms of their currently small children. Right now Generation X is between age 30 and 45 and likely to have children who are close in age to the girl in the ad. • Marketing Concept vs. Selling Concept Marketing Concept – A philosophy that at organization should try to provide products that satisfy customers’ needs through a coordinated set of activities that also allows the organization to achieve its goals Selling Concept – Focuses on organization’s existing products and aims to sell what they make rather than making what the customer wants This ad is an example of the marketing concept. It focuses on satisfying the need of customers who tend to sweat more than the average person. The following SuitMart commercial is an example of the ...
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