Coccidioidmycasis is rising in numbers with population growth in the southwestern area of the United Stated and with the increase in tourist attractions in that area. Some people call it Valley fever but the correct name for it coccidiodmycosis. Although coccidoidies species are not endemic on other areas in the country, the rapid population growth in the southwestern in recent decades and the increase in tourism, contribute to that many people travel to the Southwest and return home before developing the clinical syndrome of coccidioidomycosis (Mayo, 2008). It can occur in various manifestations: acute pneumonia, chronic progressive pneumonias, pulmonary nodules and cavities, extrapulmonary nonmeningeal disease, and meningitis (Mayo, 2008). This paper will define coccidioidomycosis, who is at risk for the disease, and treatment for the disease. Coccidioidomycosis is cause by Coccidisides immitis, a dimorphic fungus that grows as a mold in the soil (CDC, 1996). Coccidioisides immitis can be found in the highest numbers in the desert soil in San Joaquin Valley in California, southern Arizona, southern New Mexico, northern Mexico, and Utah. Coccidioisides immitis is prevalent in Central and South America especially in Venezuela but also can be found in scattered foci in desert soil along the coast of southern California, southern Nevada, and Utah. Coccidioisides immitis can be found 4 to 12 inches below the surface of the soil, it is unevenly distributed unevenly in the soil and seems to concentrate around animal burrow and ancient Indian burial sites (CDC, 1996). The dimorphic fungus that grows the Coccidioides immitis can grow in this desert soil as a mold. The mold forms arthroconidia within the hypha, a type of conidia formation known as enteroasthric development (Cole, 1985). Coccidiodes immitis is the only species within the primary pathogenic